HomeMy WebLinkAbout2002 04 08 Public Hearings A Third Reading - Ordinance 2002-08 Tree Protection
COMMISSION AGE'NDA
ITEM A
Consent
Informational
Public Hearing X
Regular
April 8. 2002
Meeting
IV- /JI41l!, t( f/>-
Mgr. / Atl. / Depl.
REQUEST:
The Community Development Department and the City Attorney present to the City Commission for
third reading and adoption Ordinance No, 2002-08 amending Chapter 5 of the City Code by repealing
the existing Arbor Ordinance and adopting a new ordinance entitled Tree Protection Ordinance.
PURPOSE:
The City is committed to preserving and enhancing the green spaces within the City. The
preservation and maintenance of existing trees along with regulations controlling the installation of
new trees is one way for the City to meet its goal. The City Staff has reviewed the existing Arbor
Ordinance and has advised the Commission that the current Ordinance should be substantially revised
in order to preserve and protect the citizens of the City of Winter Springs and to promote a more
aesthetically and environmentally pleasing community.
APPLICABLE LAW AND PUBLIC POLICY:
City Ordinance Number 711, adopted March 22, 1999, amending ord. No. 451, adopted March 27,
1987.
Section 2(b), Article VIII, of the State Constitution.
Page 1 of 3
CONSIDERA TIONS:
Staffhas encountered enforcement issues under the current City Code. It is believed the proposed
ordinance will correct these issues, but will further enhance the City's tree protection program by
clearly and more precisely providing for criteria and permitting requirements necessary for the
removal of trees. The Ordinance also provides for a specific and definite penalty provision which is
designed to encourage compliance. The Ordinance also has several exemptions and waiver
categories, as well as a provision for timely appeals of administrative decisions.
SUMMARY OF CHANGES SINCE LAST MEETING:
The following changes were made per the City Commission's direction at the Second Reading:
1. Sec. 5-3(m). The City Manager may change the Preferred Plant List (Appendix "C") by
written instrument.
2. Sec. 5-3(x). The Tree Protection Zone shall be determined by using the guidelines in the new
Appendix "D,"
3. Sec. 5-3(cc). The City Manager may change the List of Undesirable Trees (Appendix "A")
by written instrument.
4. Sec. 5-4(b)(5). Added "per Appendix A."
5. Sec. 5-9(b)(6)(A)(iv). The Developer will guarantee survival of retained and replacement
trees for one (1) year. If the trees die, Developer shall replace per Section 5-17.
6. Secs. 5-9(b)(6)(B) and (C). These sections were deleted in their entirety, and replaced with
a new Sec. 5-9(b)(6)(B) which generally provides that:
For conservation areas of one (1) acre or more dedicated to the City as part of a
development project, three (3) tree replacement credits will be provided per tree in
the dedicated conservation area. However, the minimum tree requirements in Sec.
5-13 shall still apply for the non-conservation area.
7. Sec. 5-1O(g) was deleted and replaced with a new (g) which provides that "It shall be
unlawful to remove or add any material or ground within the Tree Protection Zone unless
otherwise permitted by the City Forester.
8. Appendix "D" was added, which provides a chart and formula to determine the Tree
Protection Zone on a tree-by-tree basis.
Page 2 of 3
STAFF RECOMMENDATION:
The Community Development Director and City Attorney recommend the City Commission approve
this Ordinance.
ATTACHMENT:
Ordinance No,: 2002-08
COMMISSION ACTION:
City Commission passed Ordinance 2002-08 on second reading on March 25, 2002 with minor
amendments; all of which have been made.
F :\DOCS\City of Winter SpringslAgendalAgendaA Tree.Protection. 2002-08.4--03-02. wpd
Page 3 of 3
ORDINANCE NO. 2002-08
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE
CITY OF WINTER SPRINGS, FLORIDA AMENDING THE
CODE OF ORDINANCES BY REPEALING THE EXISTING
CHAPTER 5 ENTITLED ARBOR IN ITS ENTIRETY, AND
ENACTING A NEW CHAPTER 5 ENTITLED TREE
PROTECTION ORDINANCE; PROVIDING FOR
APPLICABILITY; LEGISLATIVE INTENT AND PURPOSE;
DEFINITIONS; PERMIT APPLICATION AND
PROCEDURES; DE SIGNA TION OF SPECIMEN OR
HISTORIC TREES; TREE REPLACEMENT CRITERIA;
PROHffiITIONS; EXCEPTIONS; TREE PROTECTION
DURING DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION;
WAIVERS AND APPEAL; REMEDIAL ACTION;
PROVIDING FOR THE REPEAL OF PRIOR INCONSISTENT
ORDINANCES AND RESOLUTIONS; PROVIDING FOR
INCORPORATION INTO THE CODE; PROVIDING FOR
SEVERABILITY; AND PROVIDING FOR AN EFFECTIVE
DATE.
WHEREAS, the City is granted the authority, under ~2(b), Article VIII of the State
Constitution, to exercise any power for municipal purposes, except when expressly
prohibited by law; and
WHEREAS, the Florida Constitution, Article II, Section 7 provides "It shall be the
policy of the State to conserve and protect its natural resources and scenic beauty."
WHEREAS, the City Commission is committed to preserving and enhancing green areas of
the City and by assuring the preservation of existing trees on public and private property and taking
steps to require maintenance of existing and the installation of new trees in the City; and
WHEREAS, trees aid in energy conservation by cooling the atmosphere, reduce air pollution
by removing particles such as dust and pollen, increase oxygen production, slow surface water run
off, reduce soil erosion, provide food, nesting sites and protection for wildlife, enhance scenic beauty,
and provide other environmental benefits; and
WHEREAS, the City Staff has reviewed the current Arbor Ordinance and has advised this
City Commission that the current Ordinance should be substantially revised in order to preserve and
protect the citizens of the City of Winter Springs and to promote a more aesthetically and
environmentally pleasing community; and
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 1 of 19
WHEREAS, the City Commission of the City of Winter Springs, Florida, hereby finds this
ordinance to be in the best interests of the public health, safety, and welfare ofthe citizens of Winter
Springs,
NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF WINTER
SPRINGS HEREBY ORDAINS, AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. Repeal of Prior Chapter 5. The City of Winter Springs Code, Chapter 5, is
hereby repealed in its entirety, A copy of Chapter 5 is attached hereto as Exhibit "A" for reference
purposes to indicate the provisions hereby repealed.
Section 2. New Chapter 5 Created. A new Chapter 5 of the City of Winter Springs Code
is hereby created as follows:
CHAPTER 5 - TREE PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION
Sec. 5-1.
Applicability .
This ordinance shall be applicable to all land lying in the incorporated area of the City of
Winter Springs, Florida.
Sec. 5-2.
Intent and Purpose.
W. Pumose. The purpose of this Chapter is to establish protective regulations for Trees
within the City in order to maintain and protect the City Forest. to better control
problems of flooding, soil conversation, air pollution and noise. and to make the City
a healthier. more attractive and safer place in which to live.
ilil Intent. The intent of this Chapter is to encourage the protection of the maximum
number of Trees within the Primary Tree Protection Zone and of large Specimen
Trees within the Secondary Tree Protection Zone. It is further the intent of this
Chapter to encourage the protection of Trees native to Central Florida.
To this end. it shall be unlawful to cut down, damage, poison. or in any other manner
destroy or cause to be destroyed any Tree or other vegetation as covered by the
provisions of this ordinance except in accordance with the provisions set forth herein.
Notwithstanding. in case of emergencies involving natural disaster such as, but not
limited to, flood, freeze or other natural disasters, the requirements of this ordinance
may be temporarily waived by the City Commission by resolution.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 2 of 19
Sec. 5-3.
Definitions.
As used in this Chapter. the following terms shall have the meanings indicated unless the
context clearly indicates otherwise:
W Caliper. Measurement of Tree eight (8) inches from soil level.
ill City. The City of Winter Springs. Florida,
w City Forest. The aggregate of all street Trees and all park Trees.
@ Crown. The mass of branches. twigs and leaves at the top of a Tree. with particular
reference to its shape.
W DBB. Diameter of trunk at breast height. (approximatelvfour and one-half(4 ~) feet
from the ground of a Tree base).
ill Desirable Trees. Trees particularly adaptive to Central Florida identified as "desirable
trees" in Appendix B of this Chapter. as may be amended by the City Manager.
(g} Dripline. The vertical line running through the outermost portion of the Tree Crown
extending to the ground.
Qll Encroachment. The protrusion into a vehicular accessway. pedestrian-way. or
required landscape area.
ill Heavy Machinery. Mechanical Land Clearing. earth-moving. or earth-working
equipment with a gross weight in excess of 5.000 pounds. For purposes of this
ordinance. all machinery which utilizes steel tracks for traction shall be considered to
be Heavy Machinery. regardless of weight.
ill Historic Tree. A Tree which has been found by the City Commission to be of notable
historic interest to the City based on its age. species. size. historic association or
unique characteristics,
(k} Land Clearing. The removal or grubbing. by any means. of any type of vegetation
from land. not including. however. activities governed by a Tree Removal permit.
ill Person. Any individual. firm. corporation. partnership. ioint venture association.
principal. trustee. municipal corporation. political subdivision. or special district. or
any agent or representative thereof
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 3 of 19
(m) Preferred Plant List. Preferred Plant List shall mean the list of plant materials and
corresponding Tree Replacement Credit shown in Appendix "C". which may be
amended from time to time by the City Manager in writing.
{ill Primary Tree Protection Zone. This shall mean the front. side and rear yard areas as
established and required by the Land Development Code of the City as the same may.
from time to time. be amended.
(Q) Protected Area, An area surrounding a protected. Historic. or Specimen Tree within
which physical intrusion is prohibited in order to prevent damage to the Tree. roots
and soil around the Tree base. the dimensions of which shall be established by the City
and set forth in the Tree Removal permit. in according with Section 5-14.
uu Protective Barrier. Shall be a circle of one-inch to two-inch wide stakes spaced a
maximum of eight (8) feet from each other at the Dripline of the Crown and which
extend out of the ground at least eighteen (18) to twenty-four (24) inches. with the
top two (2) to four (4) inches marked by flourescent orange paint or tape.
(g} Replacement Trees. Replacement Trees shall at a minimum comply with the
provisions of Subsection 5-9.
(d Secondary Tree Protection Zone. This shall mean all areas not included in the
Primary Tree Protection Zone. Subdivision street rights-of-way and easements are
also defined as being within the Secondary Tree Protection Zone.
W Specimen Tree. A Tree. other than an undesirable tree. dead tree. or diseased tree.
that is twenty (20) inches or more in diameter.
ffi Stem. The main trunk of a plant: its primary axis that develops buds and shoots
instead of roots.
M Topping. The severe cutting back oflimbs within the Tree's crown to prevent normal
growth to such a degree so as to remove the normal canopy and disfigure the Tree.
M Transplant. The act of relocating an existing Tree upon the same lot.
(w) Tree. Self-supporting wood. perennial plants of species which have a trunk with a
diameter of at least four (4) inches measured at Caliper and normally grow to an
overall Crown height ofa minimum of fifteen (15) feet.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 4 of 19
uu Tree Protection Zone. Shall mean that area located around the perimeter of the Tree
in which no activity such as clearing, filling, excavating. storage of materials. parking
of vehicles, or any other activity that in the opinion of the Forester may damage the
Tree may occur. This zone is calculated according to Appendix D to this Ordinance.
(y) Tree Removal. Shall mean any act which will cause a Tree situated on real property
to die within a period of two (2) years from the time of the act including, but not
limited to, by cutting, girdling. relocating, interfering with the water supply, applying
chemicals, regrading around the base of the Tree Trunk.
W Tree Replacement Assessment. Tree Replacement Assessment shall mean the total
amount of monetary compensation owed to the City of Winter Springs as provided
in this Chapter for the replacement of trees cut, destroyed, or removed as a result of
development or redevelopment.
(aa) Tree Replacement Credit. The Tree Replacement Credit shall be equal to one-
hundred ($100.00) dollars and no cents in Tree replacement value.
(bb) Tree Trunk. The main Stem of a Tree apart from limbs and roots.
(cc) Undesirable Trees. All types of Trees identified as "undesirable trees" in Appendix
A of this Chapter as amended from time to time by the City Manager in writing.
Sec. 5-4.
Permit Required for Tree Removal and Land Clearing: Separate
Violations: Criteria
W Permit Required. No Person shall engage in Tree Removal or engage in Land
Clearing located within the City, without first obtaining a permit as provided in this
Chapter. It shall be a separate violation of this Chapter for each Tree removed and
each day a person is engaged in Land Clearing without a permit.
Dll Criteria. Upon receipt ofa completed application and verification on-site by the City
Forester. a permit may be issued for Tree Removal under the following conditions:
ill Trees located on building and construction sites as shown on City approved
plans, provided said Trees are replaced elsewhere on the property in
accordance with ~5-9 of this Chapter.
ill Trees located within ten (10) feet of a structure or other improvement,
provided said Trees are replaced elsewhere on the property in accordance
with &5-9 of this Chapter.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 5 of 19
ill Trees severely diseased. severely iniured or dead.
ill Trees that interfere with the construction or repair of public utilities.
ill Undesirable Trees. per Appendix A.
@ Trees removed by the City or other governmental agency and which are
located within a public road. drainage rights-of-way. or permanent utilities and
drainage easements.
ill Trees that have been approved by the City Forester and which shall be
replaced elsewhere on the property.
00 All Trees and plants. within a licensed Tree nursery. planted for harvest shall
be exempt from the terms and provisions of this Chapter only if Trees are
planted and growing on the premises of the licensee and are for sale or
intended for sale in its ordinary course of business,
W Review Standards, When making a determination on whether to approve or deny an
application under this Chapter. the City Forester shall apply one 0) or more of the
following standards of review deemed relevant:
ill Necessity to remove Trees which pose a safety hazard to pedestrian or
vehicular traffic or threaten to cause disruption to public services and public
easements through Encroachment.
ill Necessity to remove Trees which pose a safety hazard to buildings and other
improvements on a lot or parcel ofland.
ill Necessity to remove diseased Trees or Trees weakened by age. storm. fire or
other iniury that Dose a safety hazard to people. buildings or other
improvements on lot or parcel of land.
ill The extent to which Tree Removal is likely to result in damage to the property
of other owners. public or private. including damage to lakes. ponds. streams.
or rivers through runoff or erosion.
ill Any proposed landscaping including plans whereby the applicant has planted
or will plant Trees to replace those that are proposed to be cleared.
@ Topography of the land and the effect of Tree Removal on erosion. soil
retention and the diversion or increased flow of surface water.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 6 of 19
ill Good forestry practices. such as the number of healthy Trees that a given
parcel ofland will reasonably support and the proven techniques that sustain
healthy trees.
ill Necessity to remove Trees in order to construct approved and permitted
improvements to allow economic enioyment of the property. including:
@ Need for access around the proposed structure for construction
equipment (maximum often (10) feet).
.all Need for access to the building site for construction equipment.
!Q Essential grade changes.
@ Need for locating street or road rights-of-way. utilities. drainage ways.
as well as the need to provide reasonable use and property access.
(2} The extent of any damage or demonstrated hardship which would result to the
applicant from a denial of the requested permit.
Q..Q} The species and size of the Trees proposed for removaL
(ill The following factors shall also be considered:
@ Trees forming the current canopy.
.all Preservation of the next generation of Trees.
Sec. 5-5.
City Forestry Office.
ill) Establishment of Office. There is hereby created within the Department of
Community Development. the Office of City Forestry, The Community Development
Director shall head this office and the City Manager shall appoint one (1) or more
employees of the department to act in the capacity of Forester for the City.
.ou Scope of Authority. The City Forester shall be charged with the responsibility and
authority to review and oversee all activities within the City limits which involve Tree
Removal. Land Clearing. or danger to and by any Tree.
W Responsibilities. The role of the City Forester shall include. but not necessarily be
limited to:
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 7 of 19
ill Receiving and processing applications for Tree Removal. Land Clearing and
other permits under this Chapter.
ill Inspection of all property subiect to an application.
ill Confirming all information provided by the applicant is correct and accurate.
ill To approve or deny all permit applications under this Chapter.
ill To issue cease and desist work orders upon Persons in violations of this
Chapter.
(Q) To bring violators of this Chapter before the Code Enforcement Board.
ill To issue code erlforcement citations for any violation of this Chapter.
ill To augment the City's Forest by the planting or approval of planting of
additional Trees on public property.
(2) To keep a permanent record of all Historic or Specimen Trees designated by
the City Commission.
Q.Q) To educate the public regarding this Chapter and the importance of
maintaining a City Forest.
QD To handle other related iob duties assigned bv the City Manager.
Sec. 5-6 Permit Application.
W Filing Application and Payment ofF ees. An application for Tree Removal and Land
Clearing shall be filed on official forms provided by the Citv's Forester. The applicant
may be required to pay a fee as may be established by resolution of the City
Commission. If the applicant is not the property owner. then the applicant shall attach
the written permission of the property owner to the application. Completed
applications shall be returned to the Forester. along with the following:
ill A Tree inventory consisting of a scaled aerial photograph or drawing of a
scale of one (1) inch equals three hundred (300) feet or greater indicating:
(A) Property boundaries.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 8 of 19
au The location of all individual Trees including the Tree's common or
botanical name.
(Q An indication of all Trees proposed for removal.
[Q) Within the Primary Tree Protection Zone. a plan shall designate the
Trees to be retained and those proposed to be removed. relocated or
replaced. Those Trees proposed for removaL relocation or
replacement shall also be identified bv common or botanical name.
(ill Within the Secondary Tree Protection Zone. a plan shall designate the
Trees to be retained. and those proposed to be removed.
ill The location of existing and proposed improvements. ifanv. including
structures. paving and utility easements.
ill Reasons for the removal of Trees.
ill The appropriate permit fees.
fQ} Time for Application. Applications for a Tree Removal or Land Clearing permit shall
be made prior to removal or clearing: except that in the following cases. application
shall be filed when indicated:
ill All new subdivisions shall be required to submit an application for a Tree
Removal or Land Clearing permit. at the time of initial submittal of the
subdivision plan. to the City Forester so that due consideration may be given
to protection of Trees during the subdivision design process.
ill Any commerciaL industriaL multi-family or other use requiring site plan
approval under the City land development regulations shall be required to
submit an application for a Tree Removal and Land Clearing permit at the
time of site plan submittal so that due consideration may be given to the
protection of Trees during the site plan design process.
ill All new single-family and duplex dwelling units shall be required to submit an
application for a Tree Removal and Land Clearing permit at the time of
application for a building permit: the Tree inventory may be shown on the
building permit plot plan.
if} Exempting Portion of the Tree Survev, Upon request. the Forester may permit an
applicant to omit certain portions of the Tree inventory where compliance with the
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 9 of 19
requirements set forth herein would be unnecessarily burdensome and the exempted
. . .. . . . .
portions are not needed for the City to evaluate t~e application.
@ Permit Fee. A nonreturnable permit fee to be establishing by resolution of the City
Commission shall be paid for purposes of processing the application. enforcing the
provisions of this Chapter. and inspecting the real property subiect to the application.
W Posting of Permit. The permit must be posted upon the property and visible from the
street to be valid.
Sec. 5-7
RESERVED.
Sec. 5-8.
Specimen or Historic Trees.
w
Designation. Certain Trees. herein referred to as "Specimen" or "Historic"
Trees. are of especially great concern to the public because of ecological
value. of indigenous character. size. age or historic association.
Determination that a Tree is a Historic Tree shall be made by resolution of the
City Commission. and the City Forester shall keep a permanent record of all
Trees so designated by the City Commission. Specimen Trees are all Trees
(other than "Undesirable Trees" identified in Appendix A dead trees or
diseased trees) which are twenty (20) inches or more in diameter. Designation
as an Historic Tree may occur in anyone of the following ways:
ill An applicant may request designation of an Historic Tree as part of
any master plan. preliminary subdivision plat. or site plan application.
To do so. the applicant shall submit an expert evaluation by a
landscape architect. horticulturalist. city forester. or other horticultural
expert as part of the application.
ill A property owner may request such designation at any time. To do
so. the property owner shall submit an expert evaluation by a
landscape architect. horticulturalist. city forester historian or other
horticultural expert.
ill The City's Forester may recommend such designation as part of their
review of any application for development. stating in writing their
reasons for such desi~nation. or may make such designation as part of
an overall Tree protection planning program for the City or portion
thereof.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 10 of 19
ill Historic Tree desi~nations shall be subject to approval by resolution
of the City Commission and the City Commission may grant tree
replacement credits. upon granting an Historic Tree designation.
Dil
Removal. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Chapter. Specimen or
Historic Trees shall not be removed except for extraordinary circumstances
and hardships and only by final permit approved by the City Commission.
Sec. 5-9.
Tree Replacement Guidelines.
W Tree Replacement. All Trees that are removed or destroyed and subject to
replacement by this Chapter shall be replaced by a species of Tree cited in Appendix
B. Desirable Trees or Appendix C. Preferred Plant List or such other Trees properly
approved by the City Forester. Replacement shall occur within ninety (90) days of
removal or destruction unless a greater replacement period is provided for good cause
by permit.
Dil Criteria for Replacement Trees is as follows:
ill Characteristics of Replacement Trees. The replacement Tree( s) shall have at
least equal shade potentiaL screening properties. and/or other characteristics
comparable to that of the Tree(s) requested to be removed.
ill Size of Replacement Trees. Replacement Tree( s) are to be made according
to a standard of one (1 ") inch DBH total replacement for each one (1 ") inch
DBH removed. unless (1) the Trees are replaced with Trees from the
Preferred Plant List: or (2) otherwise agreed upon by the City Commission
and applicant. Acceptable spacing and design standards are the only criteria
that shall limit the number of Trees used to meet the inch for inch
requirement.
ill Tree Species. Relocated or Replacement Trees shall include only species
defined as Desirable Trees (Appendix B) under this ordinance.
ill Transplanting and Maintenance Requirements. All Trees transplanted
pursuant to this ordinance shall be maintained in a healthy. living condition.
Any such Trees which die shall be replaced and maintained by the property
owner. The City shall retain perpetual jurisdiction to ensure compliance with
this Chapter.
ill Waivers of Replacement Tree(s) Specifications. The number of required
Replacement Trees may be waived by the City Commission. if the City
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 11 of 19
Commission determines that the remaining number of Trees to be preserved
on site are of sufficient number and quality to substantially comply with the
purpose and intent of this Chapter and a tree replacement fee is paid to the
City's "Tree Bank." which is hereby established. Monies collected in the Tree
Bank shall be used for enhancement and maintenance of trees on public lands,
Substitute Tree(s) allowed under this Waiver provision must have the
approval of the City Commission. The value to be paid into the tree bank
should be based upon wholesale market value of the trees being replaced.
(Q) Replacement Alternative. As an alternative to the one for one Tree
replacement requirement set forth in this Section. an applicant may elect to
comply with the following Tree replacement guidelines:
(A) Apolicant may deduct from the number of Trees to be replaced. Tree
Replacement Credits based on the number of replacement credits as provided
in the Preferred Plant Material List provided that:
ill All plant materials are Florida Grades and Standard One (1) or
better: and
(ill All plant materials are properly installed: and
(iii) The landscape plan for the proposed development or
redevelopment to which the credits are to be applied is
prepared by a landscape architect licensed by the State of
Florida: and
(iv) The Developer shall guarantee survival of retained and
replacement trees for a period of one (1) year from the
completion of construction. unless a greater time period is
required bv development agreement. If retained or
replacement Trees die during that time period. the Developer
shall replace the tree in accordance with a remedial action
under Section 5-17 of this Chapter.
(B) For each tree located within a public conservation area dedicated to the
City as part ofa development proiect. three (3) replacement tree credits may
be applied to the total number of trees required to be replaced by this Chapter.
However. the minimum tree requirement set forth in Section 5-13 shall still
apply. Such public conservation area must be at least one (I) acre with widths
not less than 125 feet. unless otherwise approved by the City Commission.
In addition. trees approved by the City Forester to reforest such conservation
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 12 of 19
area shall also be applied to the replacement requirement on a one~for-one
basis.
(C) If the City Commission determines. due to site conditions or
configuration. it is impossible or impracticable for the applicant/developer to
meet the requirements for Tree Replacement. under this subsection. the City
Commission may allow the applicant/developer to pay into the City's "Tree
Bank" the amount it would have spent on Replacement Trees.
W Replacement Cost. The cost of replacing the Trees shall be incurred by the party that
removed the Trees or propertv owner.
Sec. 5-10.
Prohibitions.
W Placement of Materials, Machinery, or Temporary Soil Deposits. It shall be unlawful
to place material. machinery. or temporary soil deposits within five (5') feet of any
Tree Trunk or Stem having a diameter of four (4") inches or more at Caliper before
or during construction. Before or during construction the builder shall erect and
maintain suitable Protective Barriers around all Trees to be preserved. Upon written
request. the City Forester. on a case by case basis. may allow material or temporary
soil deposits to be stored within the Protective Barrier if no other storage is available.
au Climbing Spurs. It shall be unlawful to use climbing spurs or other similar device
to aid in the climbing of a live tree. where such device causes the puncture or tears the
bark of the tree.
(9 Tree Spiking. It shall be unlawful to introduce any type of poison or reactive material
to a Tree for the purpose of causing it to die or become diseased.
@ Structure and Pavement Location. It shall be unlawful to place any structure or
impervious paving within eight (8') foot radius of any Tree Trunk or Stem having a
diameter of four (4") inches or more at Caliper.
W City Trees. It shall be unlawful to trim. prune. or remove any tree which is within the
City's rights-of-way or upon any other City property without the permission of the
City evidenced by the appropriate permit.
ill Attachments. It shall be unlawful to attach anything to a Tree or Stem. including nails
or spikes. having a diameter of four (4 ") inches or more at Caliper. other than
protective wires. braces or other similar noniniurious materials.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 13 of 19
(g} Cut and F~ll Guidelines. It shall be unlawful to remove or add any material or ground
within the Tree Protection Zone unless otherwise permitted by the Forester.
Qll Encroachment of the Dripline. During the construction stage of development. the
developer or property owner shall not cause or allow Land Clearing, the use of heavy
equipment or material within the Dripline of any Tree or groups of Trees to be
retained. Neither shall the developer cause or allow the disposal of waste material
such as paint, oiL solvents, asphalt. concrete, mortar or any other material harmful to
the life of a Tree within the Dripline of any Tree or groups of Trees, or where planting
beds are to be situated.
ill Shearinf. Hat Rackinf, Toppinf or Poodle Trimminf of Trees. Trees intended for
shade purposes shall be allowed to reach their mature canopy spread. Excessive
shearing. pruning or shaping shall only be allowed with a permit by demonstrating
necessity or without a permit in times of emergency only.
Sec. 5-11.
RESERVED.
Sec. 5-12.
Permit Contents; Expiration; Removal After Expiration of Permit.
ill} Permit Contents. The Tree Removal permit. when issued, shall specifically identify
which Trees shall be permitted to be removed. The removal permits merely authorize
the removal of the Trees specified therein. Nothing in this Chapter shall be construed
to require the removal of such Trees bv the permittee.
D2l Permit Expiration. Any permit issued under this Chapter shall automatically expire
six (6) months after issuance, except for permits issued in coni unction with a building
permit which shall automatically expire six (6) months after issuance or at such time
the building permit expires, whichever is later.
(9 Restrictions on Tree Removal After Permit Expiration. Trees not removed during the
life of the permit may not be removed without the issuance of a new permit based
upon a new application.
(Q} Permit Display. The permit shall be located and maintained upon the site at all time.
Sec. 5-13.
Minimum Tree Requirement.
No certificate of occupancy shall be issued on the types of construction indicated below unless
the underlying parcel has at least the required minimum number of approved Trees:
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 14 of 19
W Any new single-family or duplex d~elling unit on a lot ofless than 6.000 square feet
or greater: not fewer than two (2) Trees.
.ou Any new single-family or duplex dwelling unit on a lot ofless than between 6.001 and
10.000 square feet: not fewer than three (3) Trees.
if) Any single commercial. industrial. multi-family or other structure requiring site plan
approval under the City land development regulations: no fewer than five (5) Trees
or approximately three (3) Trees per acre. which ever is greater.
Sec. 5-14.
Tree Protection During Development and Construction: Periodic
Inspection.
W Restrictions During Construction. It shall be unlawful for any Person. during the
construction of any structures or other improvements. to place solvents. paint or
masonry materials. construction machinery or temporary soil deposits within the
Dripline of any Tree for which a Tree Removal permit is required but has not been
obtained. This provision includes soil that is placed in the Dripline permanently for
the purpose of a grade change. unless the grade is changed according to the guidelines
described in the Florida Division of Forestrv. Department of Agriculture and
Consumer Services Publication, Tree Protection Manual for Buildings and
Developers.
.ou Burden of Tree Protection on Property Owner. It shall be the responsibility of a
developer or applicant to ensure that any Tree shown on the Tree inventory for which
a Tree Removal permit has not been obtained is to be protected. The property owner
shall guarantee survival of retained trees and Replacement Trees for one (1) year from
completion of permitted construction. unless a greater time period is required by
development agreement. If a retained or replacement Tree dies during that time
period. the property owner shall replace the Tree in accordance with a remedial action
approved under & 5-17 of this Chapter.
if) Protective Barriers Required. Posts shall be used as Protective Barriers to the roots
and Trunk of every Tree on the parcel being developed. The posts shall be placed at
points not closer than one-half radius of the Dripline of the protected tree. unless the
structure has been permitted by the City to be erected within the Dripline of a Tree
with a wide canopy. Each section of the barrier shall be clearly visible (flagged with
brightly colored plastic tape or other markers), No attachments or wires other than
those with a protective or non-damaging nature shall be attached to any Tree,
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 15 of 19
@ Site Inspections. The City Forester may conduct periodic inspections of the site. It
is the responsibility of the applicant to ensure that all provisions of this Chapter are
met.
Sec. 5-15.
Voluntary Tree Planting:.
This Chapter shall not be interpreted to restrict. regulate or limit the voluntary planting of any
Tree within the City, The provisions of this Chapter govern only the planting of Trees which
are required to be planted or retained under this Chapter. No tree or ~lant shall be planted
within a City rights-of-way or easement without express permission from the City Forester.
Sec. 5-16.
Waivers and Appeals.
W Waivers, The City Commission may grant a waiver to provisions of this Chapter
where the applicant demonstrates that the literal interpretation of the ordinance will
deny the applicant reasonable use of the property or where such waiver can be
demonstrated to be consistent with the purpose and intent of the ordinance. The
preservati'on of any approved Tree over four (4) inches in caliper may be considered
as the basis for the granting ofa waiver from the literal application of the provisions
of the City's land development regulations. If. in the determination of the City
Commission, the sole basis for the request for waiver is to preserve such Tree which
would otherwise have to be removed. it may direct any required waiver fee to be
waived.
@ Appeals. Any Person adversely affected by an administrative interpretation of this
Chapter may appeal that interpretation to the City Commission by filing a written
notice of appeal of said interpretation within thirty (30) days of said interpretation.
Failure to file an appeal within said time period shall result in the administrative
interpretation to be declared final. The City Commission shall decide said appeal
within thirty (30) days of the City's receipt of said notice of appeal and the City
Commission's decision shall be final.
Sec. 5-17.
Remedial Action.
W Violations Require Remedial Action. Where violations ofthis Chapter have occurred.
remedial action shall be taken to restore the property consistent with a restoration
plan approved by the City Forester. The restoration plan may require Tree
replacement at not more than a ratio offour to one (4: 1) and require mitigation of any
other damage to the property. as well as Tree replacements.
@ Replacement Formula. Each Tree destroyed or receiving maior damage during
construction must be replaced bv either a comparable size and desirable type of Tree
as listed within Appendix B or four (4) Replacement Trees before issuance of a
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 16 of 19
certificate of occupancy or certificate of completion, Undesirable Trees must be
replaced with a desirable soecies.
W Property Owner to Guarantee Survival of Replaced Trees. The property owner shall
guarantee the survival of the Trees required to be placed under Subsection (b) above
for a period of two (2) years from the date the certificate of occupancy or certificate
of completion is issued. unless a greater time period is required by development
agreement. If the replacement Tree dies. the Tree shall be replaced in accordance
with this section.
Sec. 5-18.
Enforcement; Penalties.
W Enforcement, The City may enforce the provisions of this Chapter by any lawful
means including. but not limited to. issuing a civil citation. bringing charges before the
City's Code Enforcement Board or special master. and seeking iniunctive and
equitable relief
ilil Penalties. In addition to all other remedies set forth in this Chapter. the following
civil fines shall apply to violations of this Chapter:
ill
Failure to obtain a permit. . ,
Fine not to exceed $5.000.00
ill
Removal of a Tree without a permit. , .
Fine not to exceed $5.000.00 per
Tree.
ill
Any other violation of this Chapter. . ,
Fine as provided by law.
W Civil Fine Determination. In determining the amount of the civil fine. the following
factors shall be considered:
ill The gravity of the violation.
ill Any actions taken by the violator to correct the violation.
ill Any previous violations of this Chapter committed by the violator.
ill The number and size of the Trees removed.
ill The historical significance of the Tree removed if the Tree was deemed
Historic.
ill Whether the violation is irreparable or irreversible in nature.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 17 of 19
ill
The remedial actions offered by the violator to restore the property consistent
with his Chapter.
Sec. 5-19.
Authorization to Adopt Rules and Regulations and Fees for
Implementation.
The City Commission is hereby authorized to adopt. by resolution, such rules and regulations
and fees as are necessary or proper to implement this Chapter.
Section 3. Repeal of Prior Inconsistent Ordinances and Resolutions. All prior
inconsistent ordinances and resolutions adopted by the City Commission, or parts of prior ordinances
and resolutions in conflict herewith, are hereby repealed to the extent of the conflict.
Section 4. Incorporation Into Code. This ordinance shall be incorporated into the
Winter Springs City Code and any section or paragraph number or letter and any heading may be
changed or modified as necessary to effectuate the foregoing.
Section 5. Severability. If any section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase, word or
provision of this ordinance is for any reason held invalid or unconstitutional by any court of
competent jurisdiction, whether for substantive, procedural, or any other reason, such portion shall
be deemed a separate, distinct and independent provision, and such holding shall not affect the validity
of the remaining portions of this ordinance.
Section 6. Effective Date. This Ordinance shall become effective immediately upon
adoption by the City Commission of the City of Winter Springs, Florida.
ADOPTED by the City Commission of the City of Winter Springs, Florida, in a regular
meeting assembled on the day of ,2002.
PAUL P. PARTYKA
Mayor
ATTEST:
ANDREA LORENZO-LUACES
City Clerk
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No, 2002-08
Page 18 of 19
~.- . ......,._..:<!.ItJ.:~.;~...... '_". ~ ~.;:..:............
PART" CODE OF ORDINANCES
Cha:Jter 5 ARBOR"
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EXHIBIT
A
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Chapter 5 ARBOR"
-Editor's note--Ord, No. 711, 9 I, adopted March 22, 1999, substantially amended former Ch. 5 to
read as herein set out Former Ch. 5, S9 5-1--5-5, pertained to the same subject matter and derived
from Ord. No, 451, 9 1, adopted March 27, 1987.
Cross reference(s)--Code enforcement board to enforce certain ordinances of the city, S 2-56 et seq.;
beautification board, 92-76 et seq.; buildings and building regulations, Ch. 6; flood damage prevention,
Ch. 8; land development, Ch. 9; motor vehicles and traffic. Ch. 12; nuisances, Ch, 13; planning, Ch. 15;
signs and advertising, Ch. 16; ,streets, sidewalks..gnd other public places, C.,b.J 7; zoning, Ch. 20.
~ ~.
Sec. 5-1. Intent and purpose: applicability; definitions.
(a) Intent and purpose, These arboreal standards of the city declare the tangible and intangible
value of trees and plants to the citizens and the community, in that they playa vital role in the
natural ecosystem of the city, benefiting the air, water, soil, wildlife and other vegetation of the
[lJenvironment, and in that greenery as well contributes to the aesthetic aspects of life. Therefore,
: precedent to any activity which requires alteration of the natural vegetation on the land, an
application shall be presented to the city for review of the extent and necessity of removal or
destruction of trees. No activity shall proceed until a permit has been acquired from the appropriate
city office, as prescribed hereinafter in this chapter. All activity undertaken without such permit shall
cease and desist immediately upon issuance of notice by the city.
~ (b) Scope of applicabilfty. The regulations enacted hereinafter shall apply to all real property
, within the city limits.
1/ (c) Definitions. As used in this chapter, the words and phrases listed below shall construed
: according to the meaning specified herein:
(1) Bona fide logging operation: The good-faith operation of the business of felling trees of
merchantable size for lumber, cutting them into suitable-length logs and hauling such logs to
some point for transportation to and/or manufacture at 'sawmills and markets.
(2) Buildable area: That portion, of a site within the yard area on which a structure or
improvement, including driveways and parking lots may be erected.
~....
(3) Caliper: Measurement of treeeight (8) (inches) from's<1l1'1E!Vel.
(4) City forest: The aggr.egate of all street trees and all park trees.
(5) Crown: The mass of branches, twigs and leaves at the top of a tree, with particular
reference to its shape,
i.'.:.
(6) D.B.H.: Diameter at breast height, (approximately four and one-half (47/2) feet from
ground at tree base).
(7) Drip line: The vertical line running through the outermost portion of the tree crown
extending to the ground.
(8) Encroachment: T~e protrusion into a vehicular accessway, pedestrain-way, or required
lancsca~e area.
] ]0.-0 I ! I ::9 .~.\I
(9) Green area: Any portion of the site which is planted and maintained in grass, shrubs aM
trees or maintained as a natural drainage area (exclusive of concrete or asphalt or other
paving r:-:aterial),
..~ ,.~.., .- ".:_. -' '-........ -
(j 0) Landscaping: Landscaping shall consist of, but not be limited to. grass, ground covers.
shrubs. 'lines, hedges, trees. berms, and complementary structural landscape architectural
features. such as rock, fountains, sculpture, decorative walls and tree wells.
(11) Landscaped dividing strips: Landscaped areas containing ground cover. Shrubs, and
trees, or other landscaping used to partition parking areas into individual parking bays.
(12) Park trees: Trees, shrubs, bushes and all other woody vegetation in public parks and all
open areas owned by the city or to which the public has free access.
(13) Parking areas: Any area. excluding public right-of-way. used for the purpose of driving,
maneuvering, parking, storing, or display of motor vehicles, boats, trailers, mobile homes, and
recreational vehicles including new and used automobile lots, other parking lot uses, and
paved outdoor sales areas.
. (14) Parking spaces: A parking area ..used for the temporary, storage of a single vehicle to
serve a primary use;' groups of space's' and the abutting acce~~y are called parking lots.
(15) Shrubs: A seif-supporting woody species of plants characterized by persistent stems
and branches springing from the base.
(16) Single-family lot: An area of land developed for and restricted to a single-family
residence. .
(17) Specimen trees: Trees of significant size. type, age or historical value, (to be
determined by the city forester).
(18) Street trees: Trees. shrubs, bushes, and all other woody vegetation on land lying
between property lines on either side of all streets, avenues, or ways within the city.
(19) Tree: Any living. self-supporting perennial plant which has a trunk diameter of at least
four (4) inches measured at caliper and normally grows to a minimum overall crown height of
fifteen (15) feet.
(20) Trees planted for harvest: All trees which have been planted. or shall be planted, with
the bona fide intention at the time of such planting to be commercially harvested in the future,
Said trees shall include, by way of illustration. but are not limited to Christmas trees, slash
pines, and pulpwood,
(Ord. No, 711, 1,3-22-99; Ord, No. 726. 9 6-28-99)
Sec. 5-2. City forestry office.
(a) Establishment of office. Ther~ ~ hereby created 'w'.!ithin the department of community
II development. the office of city forestry. The community develop'ni'ent director shall head this office
. and shall appoint one (1) or more employees of the department to act in the capacity of forester for
Winter Springs,
~(b) Scope of authority. The city forester shall be charged with the responsibility and authority to
review and oversee all activities within the city limits which cause removal of or create danger to
any trees.
III (c) Responsibilities. The role of the city forester shall be dual:
(1) To preclude removal of trees on private property prior to review and approval of
development proposals.
.
(2) To augr.1ent the city forest by the planting or approval of planting of additional trees on
public proper:y.
(Ord No. 711, S I. 3-22-99)
.: 30/0 I I! :29 :\.\1
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Sec. 5-3. Regulations applicable to privately held property.
:If (a) Perr;-;it to alter natura/landscape. Application for a permit to disturb natural vegetation or aller
existing to;>ography shall be submitted prior to the following activities:
(1) C~tting down, removing. or damaging trees before, during or after construction.
(2) land-clearing, land-removing, or land-filling operations, including propulsion of a
bulldozer, payloader, front-end loader, backhoe, dragline, power shovel, road grader, dump
truck, dredge, fill spreader, or other heavy duty equipment. None of the preceding activities
shall proceed until the city forester has reviewed the proposal and issued a permit prescribing
the extent of operations being approved and the replacement trees specified.
(b) Scope of review. The permit application shall be supported by drawings, plans or
jfPhotographS as necessary to depict the present nature of the land, the proposed alteration, and the
; objectives that may justify the removal of trees, alteration of the existing topography, andlor the
disruption of the natural vegetation. These submittals shall include all the following information
pertinent to the stage of development under review.
. . ~ ..~.,
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(1) Proposed location of streets, parking areas, utility or d~inage structures, buildings, and
any other physical improvements anticipated:
(2) Specific location of all specimen trees within these areas to be removed along with their
botanical names and current sizes:
(3) Proposed grade changes of more than one (1) foot depth;
(4) Proposed protective barriers to preclude damage to uninvolved trees,
(5) A tree survey of all trees four (4) inches or more in caliper.
II(C) Permit to be specific as to stage 01 development. The city forester shall review the
. above-prescribed submittals and act upon the request either independently or as and agent of a
staff-wide review, depending on the development stage of a project:
(1) Predevelopment stage. The city forester may review and issue permits for land alteration
incident to surveying, soils investigations, and preparation of initial development plans,
(2) Preliminary plan/preliminary engineering. The forester shall act as an advisor to the city
staff in reviewing preliminary development/engineering plans and recommending the extent of
land clearing to be authorized, The city forester shall subsequently issue a permit prescribing
the alteration of preliminary developmenVengineering plans.
(3) Final engineering stage. The city forester shall consider requests for additional tree
removal coincident with final engineering plan review only when a developer shall show that
unexpected or unanticipated factors preclude any reasonable alternative solution than
destruction of additional trees..I1'te city commission ":lust sanction these requests along with
final engineering approval before the city forester may isst1e' an additional permit for additional
tree removal.
(4) Site plan. The city forester shall act as a advisor to the site plan review board during its
review of plans of commercial or multi-family site development proposals. A permit which
specifies exactly which specimens or stands of trees may be removed to develop a site must
be acquired before any modification of a site may take place,
:II(d) General criteria for issuance 01 permits to remove trees. Trees may be authorized for removal
; only if they fit into one of the following categories; the validity of the status of a tree as eligible for
removal shall be verified on site by the city forester prior to issuance of a permit for removal:
(1) Trees located on building and construction sites as shown on approved plans may be
re~lacec elsewhere on the property or mitigated by a monetary repiacement to be determined
by the c:ty forester of the current wholesale cost of the tree being rel7:ovec which shall be usee
for enr.ancement and maintenance of trees located on public lands.
.3 }O;OI ! 1::9 AM
(2) Trees within ten (10) feet of a proposed or an existing structure or other improvement
t~at restrict construction may be replaced elsewhere on the property or mitigated by a
r:-:onetary replacement to be determined by the city forester of the current wholesale cost of the
tree being removed 'Nhich shall be used for enhancement and maintenance of trees located on
public lanes.
(3) Trees severely diseased. injured or dead;
(4) Trees that interfere with provision of above ground utility installations and which will be
replaced elsewhere on the property:
(5) Trees that have been approved by the city forester to be replaced elsewhere on the
property.
(5) Trees that appear on the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's List of Invasive Plants, Class
'-
jf (e) Public removal 01 trees on private property. Only under the following circumstances may city
. employees prune or remove trees growir)g .opprivate property:
' .
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(1) Any dead or damaged or diseased tree which constitutes a hazard to life and property
shall be removed by the property owner upon justification and notification by the city forester.
The property owner must have the tree removed within fifteen (15j days or show just cause
why it has not been removed. If no action is taken within fifteen (15) days of notice, city
employees may remove such trees and bill t.'1e property owner. Unpaid bills shall become a
lien upon the property.
(2) Tree limbs and shrubs overhanging public rights-of-way if such branches obstruct the
light from any streetlight or obstruct the view of any street intersection creating a hazard to
vehicular or pedestrian traffic. (All limbs will be removed following standard arboricultural
standards.)
(Ord. No. 711,9 1,3-22-99; Ord. No. 711,992,3,6-28-99; Ord. No. 734, 9 1, 9-27-99)
Sec. 5-4. Official green plan for public property.
If(a) Initial plan. The city forester under the guidance of the director of community development,
: shall develop an official Winter Springs Green Plan which provides to the city commission the
following information:
(1) Documentation on the current nature of the city forester consisting of parks,
rights-of-way, easements and public facilities;
(2) Proposals for the care, preservation, replacement, and planting of new trees and plants
on city land; .
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(3) Projected budgetary data fo~t least the subsequent flv~.(5}years,
(b) Annual report. Each year the city forester shall submit to the city manager through the
ill community development direttor a written report on the progress toward implementation of the
: green plan, inCluding suggestions for additions and revisions to the plan, When ratified by the city
commission, these modifications shall become incorporated into the official plan.
jf (c) Interim reports. Whenever requested by the city manager, the city forester shall investigate or
analyze a site or concern and file a report of findings on the matter.
:II (d) Implementation 01 city green plan. The city forester shall cause the official green plan to be
' implemented to adhere to the following guidelines:
(1) Street tree species to be planted, No street trees shall be planted without written
permiSSion of the city forester.
(2) Spacing, Trees shall oe spaced the optimum distance for each species.
~ ~Ij 0 I 11:19 ,-\~(
(3) Distance from curb and sidewalk, Trees and shrubs shall be planted so as to allow
proper visibility and to avoid root damage to curbs and sidewalks,
(4) Distance from street corners and fireplugs. No street tree shall be planted closer than
twenty (20) feet to any street corner, measured from the point of the nearest intersecting curb
or curbline, No street tree shall be planted within ten (10) feet of any fireplug.
(5) Proximity of street trees to utilities. No street trees shall be planted under or within ten
(10) linear feet of any overhead utility wire, or within five (5) linear feet of any underground
water line, sewer line, transmission line or other utility installation. No trees shall be planted in
the city rights-of-way without the written approval of the city forester.
:fjf (e) Maintenance 0/ city trees:.
(1) Tree topping, It shall be unlawful for any person, to top any street tree, park tree or other
tree on public or private property without a permit from the city forester. Topping is defined as
the severe cutting back of limbs within the tree's crown to prevent normal growth to such a
degree so as to remove the normal canopy and disfigure the tree.
(2) Damaged trees. Trees damagSd- by natural causes and ~ees under utility wires or other
obstructions where other pruning practices are impractical may- be topped with approval of the
city forester.
(3) Tree sculpturing. Trees in commercial areas may be topped only when topping is part of
a landscaping plan, design or program to sculpt trees to accommodate a desired design or
design theme.
:JJ(f) Interference with city forester. It shall be unlawful for any person to prevent, delay, or interfere
: with the city forester or any designated agents while engaging in and about the planting, cultivating,
mulching, pruning, spraying, or removing of any street tree or park tree.
(Ord, No. 711, 9 I, 3-22-99: Ord. No. 726, 94, 6-28-99)
Sec. 5-5. Enforcement.
(a) Assessment. Failure to comply with the reforestations standards may result in charges being
Ifbrought against the individual or company violating the arboreal provisions and requiring a hearing
: before the code enforcement board which has the power to levy fines up to two hundred fifty dollars
($250.00) a day per violation, as set forth in section 2-60 of the Winter Springs City Code of
Ordinances, The City of Winter Springs may seek injunctive or other legal relief as offered by law.
(b) Reforestation. Any person violating any of the arboreal provision set forth herein shall be
:'jJrequired to appear before the city forester which shall be empowered to specify the number and
.- types and sizes of trees to be pianted by the individual to compensate the public for the loss of
existing trees, The guidelines in subsection (c) below shall apply to the reforestation of land illegally
cleared: ... ....
:II(C) Reforestation point standa;dS~ ' .- '. -
(1) Minimum points required per acre. The minimum number of tree points required in each
zoning category per acre of land (excluding areas dedicated for rights-of-way for streets) are
as follows:
a. Residential (including residential PUD}--Twenty-five (25) points per acre.
b. Neighborhood commercial districts (including commercial PUD)-- Twenty (20)
points per acre.
c. General commercial and industrial districts (including industrial PUD}--Fifteen (15)
points per acre.
(2) Tree point standards:
Number of Points
330 Of I !:19 '-\,\1
. >
a. Specimen tree (as designated by city forester) . . . 5
~, Large tree (40 feet high or 35-foot crown) . , . 5
c. Medium tree (18 feet high or 12-foot crown) , , , 2"
c. Smal//nonjuvenile tree (8 feet high and 2-inch caliper) . , . 1
e. Small/juvenile (8 feet high and 1-inch caliper) . . . 0,75
f. Native shrubs material. . . 0.1
"Plus five tenths (0.5) point for each five (5) feet of additional height after
twenty (20) feet.
(3) Bonus points, Bonuses may be awarded for native species in addition to the tree paints
listed above:
a. Specimen tree. . . NA
b. Large tree .- . . 1.0
c. Medium tree. . . 0.5
.. .. ...~.. .
- '.
- ... '...
d. Smalllnonjuvenile tree. . .0.25
e. Smallljuvenile tree. . . 0.1
(4) Minimum number of small, medium, and large trees. A minimum of fifteen (15) percent
of the number of trees counted toward these tree point standards must come from each of the
three (3) size categories of small, medium, and large, To determine the number of trees which
will be needed to meet this fifteen (15) percent requirement, the following rules of thumb may
be used:
a. Determine the total pOints on the site as follows:
T = Number of acres X Points required per acre
b. Determine the minimum number of medium or large trees needed for fifteen (15)
percent requirement as follows:
Minimum Number = T X 9 percent
c. To minimize the number of new small trees to be planted retain the following
number of medium plus large trees:
Medium + Large Number To~al = T X 30 percent
(5) All plant material must be prQp~rty planted and protected from construction damage to
be eligible for tree points. _ .... - . ." .
(Ore. No, 711, 9 I. 3-22-99)
~
},}i)'': :i:::'.lA'v1
Common Name
Melaleuca, Paper Tree
Brazilian Pepper, Florida Holly
Australian Pines
Eadeaf Acacia
Downy Rosemyrtle
Woman's Tongue
Bishopwood
Carrotwood
Rosewood
Murray Red Gum
Benjamin Fig
Cuban Laurel
Chinese Tallow, popcorn tree
Java Plum
Rose Apple
Cork Tree
Mimosa
Australian Pine
Camphor
Ear Tree
Cama Eucalyptus
Silk Oak
Jacaranda
Lead Tree
Cajeput or Punk Tree
Chinaberry
Chinese Tallow Tree
Florida Holly or Brazilian Pepper
Tropical Almond
Chinaberry
Australian Pine
Brazillian Pepper Tree
Punk Tree
Chinese Tallow
Monkey Puzzle
Castor Bean
Silk Oak
Acacia
Rice Paper Plant
Orchid Tree
APPENDIX A
UNDESIRABLE TREES
Scientific Name
Melaleuca Quinquenervia
Schinus Terebinthifolius
All Casuarina Species
Acacia Auriculiformis
Rhodomyrtus Tomentosus
Albizia Lebbeck
Bischofia Javanica
Cupianopsis Anacardioides
Dalbergia Sissoo
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis
Ficus Benjamina
Ficus Retusa
Sapium Sebiferum
Syzygium Cumini
Syzygium Jambos
Thespesia Populnea
Albizzia Julibrissin
Casuarina Species
Cinnamonum Camphora
Entelobium Contortisliquum
Eucalyptus Camuldulensis
Grevillea Robusta
Jacaranda Acutifolia
Leucaena Species
Melaleuca Species
Melia Azedarch
Sapium Sebiferum
Schhinus Terebinthifolius
Terminalia Catappa
Melia Azedarach
Casuarina Equisetifolia
Schinus Terebinthifolius
Malaeuca Leucadendron
Sapium Sebiferum
Eucalyptus spp.
Ricinus Communis
Grevillea Robusta
Acacia Spp.
Tetrapanax Papyriferus
Bauhinia Variegata
Page I of 2
Common Name
Scientific Name
Suckering Australian Pine
Surinam Cherry
Laurel Fig
Catclaw Mimosa
Schefflera
Tung Oil Tree
Devil Tree
Paper Mulberry
Ear Pod Tree
False Banyan
Weeping Fig
Bo Tree
Golden Shower Tree
Casuarina Glauca
Eugenia Uniflora
Ficus Microcarpa
Mimosa Pigra
Schefflera Actinophylla
Aleurites Fordii
Alstonia Macrophylla
Broussonetia Papyrifera
Enterolobium Contortisliquum
Ficus AItissima
Ficus Benjamina
Ficus Religiosa
Koelreuteria Elegans
F:\LaW}'erljel1b\City of Winter Springs\Ordinances\Tree Protection App A 040JO:Z.wpd
Page 2 of 2
APPENDIX B
DESIRABLE TREES
Common Genus Species Notes
Sand Live Oak Q Geminata E
Chapman Oak Q. Chapmanii Evergreen
Laurel Oak Q. Laurifolia E
Live Oak Qyercus Virginiana E
Myrtle Oak Q. Myrtifolia E
Scrub Oak Q. Geminata E
Turkey Oak Q. Laevis Deciduous
Water Oak Q. Nigra E
Shumard (red) Q. Shumardii D
Longleaf Pine P. Palustris E
Pond Pine P. Serotina E
Sand Pine P. Clausa E
Slash Pine Pinus Elliottii E
Loblolly Pine P. Taeda E
Red Maple Acer Rubrum D
Silver Maple A. Saccharinum
Box Elder A. Negundo
Sweet Gum Liquidambar Styraciflua D
Sugarberry Celtis Laveigata
River Birch Betula Nigra
Loblolly Bay Gordonia Lasianthus E
Red Mulberry Morus Rubra
Hopornbeam Ostrya Virginiana
Southern Magnolia Magnolia Grandiflora E
Sweetbay Magnolia M. Virginiana E
Bald Cypress Taxodium Distichum D
Pond Cypress T. Ascendens D
Pignut Hickory Carya Glabra
Water Hickory Carya Aquatica
Snowbells Styrax Americana
Red Bay Persea Borbonia
Swamp Bay P. Palustris
Sycamore Platanus Occidentalis D
Cherry Laurel Prunus Caroliniana
Loquat, (Japanese Plum) Eriobotrya Japonica E
American Elm Ulmus Americana D
Chinese Elm (Drake) U. Parviflora D
Winged Elm U, Alata
Green Ash Fraxinus Pennsylvanica D
Water Ash F. Caroliniana D
Hercules Club (Toothache Tree) Zanthoxylum Clava-Herculis D
Elderberry Sambucus Canadensis E
Devil's Waliking Stick Aralia Spinosa D, Araliaceae (ginseng family)
Persimmon Diospyros Virginiana D
Page I of 3
Common Genus Species Notes
Ironwood Carpinus Caroliniana D, wet
Flowering Dogwood Comus Florida D, Showy white spring flowers
Swamp Dogwood C. Foemina
Swamp Black Gum Nyssa Sylvatica
Dahoon Holly Llex Cassine
American Holly 1. Opaca
Southern Red Cedar Juniperus Virginiana E, var. silicicola
Juniper Torulosa J Torulosa
Fringe Tree Chioanthus Virginicus
Willow Salix Caroliniana
Flatwoods Plum Prunus Umbellata
Chickasaw Plum Prunus Angustifolia
Tulip Poplar Liriodendron Tulipfera
Yellow Haw Crataegus Flava
May Haw Crataegus Aestivalus
Red Bud Celtis Canadensis
Sweet Acacia Acacia Famesiana
Pindo Palm Butia Capitata
Gabbage Palm Sabal Palmetto
Washington Palm Washingtonia Robusta
Chinese Fan Palm Livistona Chinensis
European Fan Palm Chamaerops Humilis
Needle Palm Rhapidophyllum Hystrix
Red Buckeye Aesculus Pavia
Tough Bumelia Bumelia Tenax
Simpson Stopper Myrcianthes Fragrans E, aka Naked Wood
Coral Bean Erythrina Herbacea
Yellow Anise Illicium Parviflorum
Pipestem Agarista Populifolia
Sweet Acacia Acacia Famesiana
Virginia Willow Itea Virginica
Salt Mytrle Baccaharis Halimifolia
Beautyberry Calicarpa Americana
Rusty Lyonia Lyonia Ferruginea
Shiny Ly90nia L. Iucida
Wild Olive Osmanthus Americana
Elderberry Sambucus Canadensis
Crape Myrtrie Lagerstroemia Indica
American Holly Llex Glabra
Dwarf Yaupon 1. Vomitoria Schellings
Juniper Juniperus Spp.
Saw Palmeto Serenoa Repens
Pittosporum Pittosponun Tobira
Podocarpus, Nagi Podcarpus Nagi
Podocarpus, Yew P. Macrophyllus
Privet, Chinese Ligustrum Sinense
Privet, Florida Forestiera Segregata
Privet, Japanese Ligustrum Japonicum
Page 2 of 3
Common Genus Species Notes
Silverthorn Elaegnus Pungens
Viburnum, Sandanka Viburnum Suspensum
Viburnum, Sweet V. Odoratissimum
Viburnum, Walter's V. Obovatum
Wax Myrtle Myrica Cerifera
Indian Hawthorn Rapheolepis Indica
Titi Cyrilla Racemiflora
Cassia Senna Bicapsularis
Bougainvillea Bougainvillea
Buttonbush Cephlanthus Occidentalis
SparkIeberry Vaccinium Arboreum
Japanese Blueberry Eleaocarpus Decipiens
F:\Lawyer\jeftb\City of Winter Sprlngs\Ordlnances\Tree Protection App B 040J02.wpd
Page 3 of 3
APPENDIX C
PREFERRED PLANT LIST
TREE OR LARGE CREDIT AVERAGE CREDIT NET
SHRUB NAME SIZE RATIO COST VALUE GAIN
Yaupon Holly Multi-trunk 25-30 gal., 6' 2-1 $ 90.00 $ 200.00 $ 110.00
Simpson Stopper 25-30 gal., 6' 2-1 $ 90.00 $ 200.00 $ 110.00
Pygmy Data Palm, dbl. 30 gal., 4' 3-1 $125.00 $ 300.00 $ 175.00
Butia-Pindo Palm 30 gal., 5' 3-1 $100.00 $ 300.00 $ 175.00
European Fan Palm 30 gal., 4' 3-1 $150.00 $ 300.00 $ 175.00
Chinese Fan Palm, 30 gal., 5' 3-1 $100.00 $ 300.00 $ 175.00
Canary Island Date Palm 30 gal., 6' 3-1 $100.00 $ 300.00 $ 175.00
Date Palm, p, dactylifera 30 gal., 4' 3-1 $100.00 $ 300.00 $ 175.00
Windmill Palm 30 gal., 6' 3-1 $150.00 $ 300.00 $ 150.00
Sago 30 gal., 3' 3-1 $150.00 $ 300.00 $ 150.00
Little Gem MagnolIa 25-30 gal., 6' 3-1 $100.00 $ 300.00 $ 200.00
Red Bud 25-30 gal., 6' 3-1 $125.00 $ 300.00 $ 175.00
Cardinal Holly 25-30 gal., 6' 3-1 $125.00 $ 300.00 $ 175.00
Festive Holly 25-30 gal., 6' 3-1 $125.00 $ 300.00 $ 175.00
Robin Holly 25-30 gal., 6' 3-1 $125,00 $ 300.00 $ 175.00
Oakleaf Holly 25-30 gal., 6' 3-1 $125.00 $ 300.00 $ 175.00
Spartan Juniper 25-30 gal., 6' 3-1 $115.00 $ 300.00 $ 185.00
Torulosa Juniper 25-30 gal., 6' 2-1 $ 90.00 $ 200.00 $ 110,00
Flowering Dogwood 25-30 gal., 6' 3-1 $125,00 $ 300.00 $ 175.00
Camellia 25-30 gal., 5' 3-1 $145.00 $ 300.00 $ 155.00
Japanese Blueberry 25-30 gal., 6' 3-1 $120.00 $ 300.00 $ 180.00
Loblolly Bay 25-30 gal., 8' 2-1 $ 90.00 $ 200.00 $ 110.00
Upright Yaupon Holly 15 gal., 6' 2-1 $ 90.00 $ 200.00 $ 110.00
Weeping Yaupon Holly 25-30 gal., 8' 3-1 $100.00 $ 300.00 $ 200.00
Loropetalurn Standard 15 gal., 5' 3-1 $100.00 $ 300.00 $ 200.00
Chickasaw Plum 25 gal., 6' 2-1 $ 95.00 $ 200.00 $ 105.00
Red Buckeye 15 gal., 5' 2-1 $ 50.00 $ 200.00 $ 150.00
Myrtle Oak 15 gal., 5' 2-1 $ 50.00 $ 200.00 $ 150.00
Crataegus 15 gal., 6' 2-1 $ 50.00 $ 200.00 $ 150.00
Fringe Tree 15 gal., 6' 2-1 $ 50.00 $ 200.00 $ 150.00
Tabecuia 30 gal., 6' 2-1 $ 75.00 $ 200.00 $ 125.00
Bauhinia galpinia 10 gal., 5' 2-1 $ 50.00 $ 200.00 $ 150.00
SweetfTea Olive 15 gal., 6' 2-1 $ 50.00 $ 200.00 $ 150.00
Ligustrum Standard 45 gal., 8-10' 5-1 $ 300.00 $ 500.00 $ 200.00
Crape Myrtle Standard 45 gal., 8-10' 5-1 $ 350.00 $ 500.00 $ 150.00
Yaupon Holly Standard 25-30 gal., 6' 3-1 $ 100.00 $ 300.00 $ 200.00
Walter's Viburnum Standard 25-30 gal., 6' 3-1 $ 100.00 $ 300.00 $ 200.00
Needle Palm 25-30 gal" 5' 4-1 $ 200.00 $ 400.00 $ 200.00
Pygmy Date Palm, triple 30 gal., 4' 3-1 $ 150.00 $ 300.00 $ 150.00
Page 1 of 2
TREE OR LARGE CREDIT AVERAGE CREDIT NET
SHRUB NAME SIZE RA no COST VALUE GAIN
Butia-Pindo Palm 65 gal., 8' 4-1 $ 200.00 $ 400.00 $ 200.00
European Fan Palm 65 gal., 5' 5-1 $ 250.00 $ 500.00 $ 250.00
Chinese Fan Palm 65 gal., 6' 5-1 $ 250.00 $ 500,00 $ 250.00
Canal)' Island Date Palm 65 gal., 8' 5-1 $ 250.00 $ 500.00 $ 250.00
Date Palm, P. dactylifera 65 gal., 5' 5-1 $ 250.00 $ 500.00 $ 250.00
Windmill Palm 65 gal., 8' 5-1 $ 300.00 $ 500.00 $ 200.00
Sago 65 gal., 4' 5-1 $ 250.00 $ 500.00 $ 250.00
Little Gem Magnolia 65 gal., 8' 5-1 $ 250.00 $ 500.00 $ 250.00
Spartan Juniper 65 gal., 6' 5-1 $ 250.00 $ 500.00 $ 250.00
Torulosa Juniper 65 gal., 6' 5-1 $ 250.00 $ 500.00 $ 250.00
Dahoon Holly 65 gal., lO'x4'x2' 5-1 $ 225.00 $ 500.00 $ 275.00
Live Oak 65 gal., 14'x6'x3' 5-1 $ 300.00 $ 500.00 $ 200.00
Winged Elm 65 gal., l2'x5'x2112 4-1 $ 225.00 $ 400.00 $ 175.00
Red Maple 65 gal., 12'x5'x2112 4-1 $ 225,00 $ 400.00 $ 175.00
F:\DOCS\City of Winter Springs\Ordinances\Arbor Tree Protection Appendix C 2-27-02 jpb.jd
Page 2 of 2
APPENDIX D
CALCULA TING TREE PROTECTION ZONE
The following guidelines shall be applied to determine the Tree Protection Zone:
1. Evaluate the species tolerance of the tree: good, moderate, or poor (See list on next page)
2, Identify tree age: young (< 20% ofthe trees life expectancy), mature (20% - 80 % of the trees
life expectancy), or overmature (>80% of the trees life expectancy)
3. Using the table below, find the distance from the trunk that should be protected per inch of
trunk diameter.
4. Multiply the distance by the trunk diameter to calculate the optimum radius (in feet) for the
tree protection zone.
Example:
A healthy 60- year old, 30" diameter California black walnut (poor tolerance, mature age)
1.25' x 30" = 37.5 radius tree protection zone,
Species Tolerance
Tree Age
Distance from trunk
feet (per inch trunk diameter)
Good Young 0.5'
Mature 0.75'
Overmature 1.0'
Moderate Young 0.75'
Mature 1.0'
Overmature 1.25'
Poor Young 1.0'
Mature 1.25'
Overmature 1.5'
Source: Trees and Development. a Technical Guide to Preservation of Trees During Land
Development, Nelda Matheny and James Clark, 1998, International Society of Arboriculture,
Champaign, IL
Relative
Common name Sdentific name tolerance 1 Comments Souice
.'
Balsam fir Abits bQlscun~ Good Tolerant o( J.oot loss and saturated salls. Hightshoe
White fir Abits cOlUOlor Moderate Tolerant of root loss. Intolerant of saturated and high salt solis. Day, Hightshoe
Acada Acacia spp. Poor [ntolerant of root Injury. )..(,1theny & C1ilrk
Florida maple Act:!' barbolum Moderate Intolerant of mechanical injury (poor compartmentalization).
Response constrained by soli aeration and water availability. . Coder
Vine maple Acer circinatum Good Best retained as clumps. Peepre
Chalk maple Acer leucodCl1l11! Poor Response is site dependent. Coder
Blgleaf maple Acer macrophyllwn Good Select specimens with good crown structure.
Tolerant of root pruning and injury but not of fill. Beck
Blgleaf maple Ace- maaophyl1um Poor Declines folloWing addition of fill. Dunster
Box elder, Act:!' nqundo Good Tolerant of root loss and saturated soils. May tolerate some till. Codel, Hightshoe. Sydnor
Select superior individuals for preservoition.
Striped c:naple Acer pensy/vanicum Moderate Intolerant of mechanical injury (poor compartmentalization). Coder
Um1ted tolerance to microclimate change. Tolerance greatest
withln native range.
Norway maple Aca- platanoides Moderate-good Moderately tolerant of root pruning. S. Clark, Fraedrich
Sycamore maple ACt:T pseruioplatanus Moderate Gilbert
Red maple Acer ,ubrum . Moderate-good Response probably associated with geographic location. Coder, Fraedrich. HightsllOe
Tolerant of root pruning and saturated soils.
Silver maple Am sacchannum Poor-moderat~ Ukely to slowly die back following root lnlury (Day). Coder, Da)'.
May tolerate some root pruning (Praedrich) or Iou (Hlghtshoe). Fraedrlch. Hlghtshoe. Sydnor
Some tolerance for crown reduction pruning, fill roils and
saturated salls. Response variable within species (Coder)
Sugar maple Act'T sQcchorum Poor-moderate Tolerant of root loss. {ntoJerant of satwated and fill soils. S. Oark, Highlshoe. S~tdnor
Mountain maple Acer spiCiltum Moderate rntolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentalization). Coder
Limited tolerance to microclimate change. Tolerance greatest
within native range.
California buckeye Aes'ulus mli(omiaz Good Mathen}' &. Oark
Red horse-chestnut AtscuJus x CtlT11etl Good Shows good resistance to "contractor pressures." Gilbert
Yellow buckeye Aesculus {lava Poor lntolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentalization). Coder
Response constraIned by soli aeration and water avaUabillty.
Ohio buckeye Aesculus g/abra Poor Intermediate tolerance to root loss and saturated solis. Hightshoe, Sydnor
Poor acclimation response. Tolerant of some fill.
Red buckeye Aesculus pavia Moderate Intolerant of mechanicallnJury (poor compartmentalization). Coder
Tree of heaven Ailanthus alt1sslma Good Tolerant of root pruning. Generally good acd1mation Day, Fraedrich, S}'dnor
response following disturbance.
lAssigned either by source or by Matheny and Oark.
I
.~
Relative
Common name Scientific name tolerance 1
.........-..--.
,'\kl~rs A./lIltS spp. Good
Red Cllder A/tills ntbm Poor-moderate
Hazel alder Allllts Jerrl/latn Good
Sen'iccberr}' A.melanclria spp. Good
Downy servlcebeny Ame/nuchiu nrboJ'en Modera te
()evi I 's.\ ...al kings tick Amlin spinosa Moderate
Madrone Arbutus meuziesii Poor
Pawpaw Asimilln triloba Good
Easlern lJaccharis Bncxlraris Imlimifolia Good
BiKh Betula spp. Poor-modera te
Yellow birch Betll/a nlleghal~iellSis Moderate
SIVt:'et birch Brill/a lenla Moderate
River birch Btlllln nigrn Moderate-good
Paper birch Bell/la papyrifem Poor-moderate
Gray birch Betllla popltli{olin Moderate-good
Gum bumella Bumelia /nnllgi1lOsa Moderate
Rlld~thoCll humeli<l BIII//('lin Ird(ljrir.~ ModerClte
,
Incense cedar Ca/rx:edms rial/milS Moderate
Blue beech; CarpillllS cnrolilliaun Moderate
, hornbeam
1 Assigned either by source. or by Matheny and Oark.
Comments
Show considerable resistance to "contractor pressures,"
Retain only In groups or as individuals with strong taper
and structure. Relatively short-lived. Intolerant to root Injury.
Intermediate tolerance to loot loss. Tolerant of saturated soils.
Generally good acclJmation respol15e to site change.
Intolerant of mechanical injury (poor compartmentalization).
Response constrained by soil aeration and water availability.
Intolerant of mechanlcallnJury (poor compartmentalization).
[ntolerant of site distUIbance.
Intolerant of root pruning. Mature uees particularly sensitive
to development lmpacts.
Intolerant of mechanical injury (poor compartmentalization).
JJmited tolerance to microclimate change. Tolerance greatest within
native range. Response vanes due to soil and water availability.
Intennediate tolerance to root loss. Intolerant of saturated soils.
Intolerant of mechanical Lnjury. Lirnlted tolerance to microclImate
change.Tolerance greatest within native range.
Variable tolerance of root loss and saturated soils.
Tolerant of minor amounts of fiU. '
Intolerant of construction impactsoutsic;Ie of native range;
moderate within. Prone to sunscaJd. Low tolerance to root injury.
' Bronze bIrch borer much more severe under suess. Best retained
Ln groups or as select Individuals.
Tolerant of construction impacts within native range; moderate
response outsIde. Construction lmpacts/lnjury Increases
susceptibility to bronze blrch borer.
Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentalization).
Respon,se constrained by soil aeration and water availability.
Intolerant of mechanical injury (poor compartmentaliL'ltlon).
Response constrained by soU aeration and water availability.
Intolerant of loot loss and saturated soils. Susceptible to two-lined
chestnut borer, particularly under condJtions of environmental
stress. Limited tolerance to climatic change. Tolerance greatest
within native lange.
Source
GUberl
Beck, Dunster, Peepre
Coder
Hlghtshoe, Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Matheny & Clark
Coder
Coder
Gilberl, Fraedrich
Coder
Coder, Htghtshoe
S. Clark, Coder,
Hightshoe, Sydnor
S. Clark, Day,
Pee pre, Sydnor
S. Oark, Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Matheny & Clark
Coder, Hightshoe,
Sydnor
r
I
\ ,. ,
f.' .
Common name
Water hickory
Bitternut hickory
Bitternut hickory.
Pignut hickory
Pecan
Shagbark hIckory
Scientific name
Casya aquatica
Carytl corcfi{tmnis
Carra cordiform is
Ca1)U glabra
Cal}tl iIIincxmsis
Caf}Q omta
Shagbark hickory Carya ovata
Sand hickory Caryo pa/lida
Mockernut hickory Ctuya tomeT!tosa
Mockernut hickory Cal)'Q tomentosa
Plorlda chinkapin Castanea aln/folia
Allegheny chlnkapin Castanea pumita
Catalpa Catalpa ~pp.
Southern catalpa Catalpa l1ignonioid~
Northern ca talpa Caltllpa spedosa
Deodar cedar
Su&alf>erry
Georgia hackberry
Hackberry
udrus deodara
Celtis laMgata
Celtis tenuifoJia
Celtis occidmtaUs
Common buttonbush Cephalanthu.t
occidentalls
Katsura-tree Cerrldiphyllum
japonialm
Redbud
Alaska yellow-cedar
False cypress
Frlngetree
Cettis canadensis
ChatTJlU!C)'/NlTis
rwotkatensis
Chamateyparis spp.
Chionanthus
virx1nfcus
Relative
tolerance 1
Good.
Good
Poor
Moderate-good
Moderate-good
Moderate-good
Poor
Moderate
Moderate-good
Poor-moderate
Moderate
Poor:
Moderate
Good
Good
Good
Good
Moderate
Good
Good
Poor-moderate
Modera te
Good
Good
Moderate
1 Assigned ei lher by so\Uce or by Matheny and Clark.
Comments
"
Intermediate tolerance to root loss and saturated soils.
WiU tolerate some fill.
Response constraIned by soil aeration and water availability.
Moderately tolerant of construction damage. Tolerant of some fill.
Windfirm. llesponse constrained lly soil and water availability.
Moderately tolerant of construction damage. Tolerant of some fill.
Moderately tolerant of construction damage. Tolerant of some fill.
Wind firm.
Response constrained by soU aeration and water availability.
Moderately tolerant of construction damage. Tolerant of some fiJl.
Windfirm.
Response constrained by soil aeration and water availability.
Pest problems associated with development Impacts.
Pest problems aS50Clated with development Impacts.
Tolerant of saturated solis. Intermediate in tolerance to root loss,
Generally tolerant of disturbance indudlng root Inlury. Prone to
basal decay.
Tolerant of root and crown pruning. Intolerant of excessive soil
moisture; leads to Armlllaru, and PJrytophthora.
lntolerant of mechanicallnjury (poor compartmentalization).
rntolerant of mechariIcallnlury (poor compartmentalization).
Response constrained by soU aeration and water availability.
Tolerant of root loss. Intermediate (Hlghtshoe) or low (Day) in
tolerance to saturated soils.
Intolerant of mechanical injury (poor compartmentallz.ation).
Sensitive to tuI and root disturbance. Requires tree protection
wne at the ddpllne. Requires postconstructlon care,
particularly supplemental irrigation.
Response constrained by soU aeration and water availability.
Relatively wtndfinn. lntolerant of changes In water
table/soU moisture.
Show COnsiderable resistance to "contractor pressures."
Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentallz.ation).
Response constrained by soil aeration and water availability.
'Source
Coder
Highlshoe, S}~nor
Coder
s. Qark, Coder, Sydnor
S. Clark, Sydnor
S. Clark, S}'dnor
Coder
Coder
S. Oark, Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Coder
J-Ughlshoe
Coder
Day, S}'dnor
Ellis
Coder
Coder
Day, Hightshoe. Sydnor
Coder
Cullen
Coder
Peepre
Gilbert
Coder
i
~
l Relative
Common ~ame Scientific name tolerancel
Vel/olY-wood Cladrastis IlItea Poor
Cinnamon c1ethra Clethra oOlmillata Moderate
nud;wheat tIee Cli{tollia l1Ionopllylla Moderate
Pagoda dogwood Camus allemi{olia Moderate
Flowering dDg\'''ood Camus florirln Poor
Flowering dogwood Comus florirla Moderate
PacifIC dogwood Camus "lItla1ll1 Good
Swamp dogwood ComllS strictn Good
Beaked hazel CorylllS Camilla Good
Hawthorn CmtneslLS spp. Moderate
Cockspllr hawthorn CrotaegllS cms-gnl/j Good
\ Vashington CmtneSlIS Good
hah'thom phnellof1rn1111
Dotted hawthorn CTlltntgus plltlctnta Good
Cypresses CupressltS spp. Good
MOntere~' cypress ClIpTesslls Poor
:1 wnCTQcmfJ(!
Swamp cyrilla CJ.1i1ln Tllcemiflom Moderate
Pe~jltlmon Diospyro.s virgininlln Good
Eastern coralbean Erytllrilla I~Tbaan Moderate
I::ucalyprus Eucalyptus spp. Moderate
Eanem wahoo Euollymlls . Moderate
atropuTpl/TtllS
Bet:dl Fn,'5ILS spp. Poor
American beech FngllS gTfJlldi{olin Poor
European beech FnSIIS sylvntim Poor
's\V;lII1P V1"l.t t:ml'.~ril'w Illl/ll/illellll Good
Ash Fm.Yil/l/s spp. Moderate
White (Ish FrnxillllS amencm/(/ Moderate-good
CarOlina ash FTWCillus cnrolillirma Good
lAsslgned either by SOWCe or by Matheny and Clack.
'.
Comments
Somce
Coder
Response Is site dependent.
Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentalization).
Response constrained by soU aeration and water availability.
Intolerant of mechanical inJury (poor compartmentalization).
Response constrained by soil aeration and water avaUabllity.
Intolerant of mechanicallnjury (poor compartmentalization).
Intolerant of site dJsturbance.
Intolerant of mechanIcal Injury (poor compartmentalization).
Pest problems associated with development impacts.
Intolerant of mechankal injury (poor.compartmentaUzatlon).
Intermediate tolerance to root loss and saturated soil~.
Sensitive to wtndthtow if canopy raised. Some tolerance
to disturbance.
Susceptible to windthrow. Tolerates Some dlstwbance.
Susceptible to windthrow. Tolerates some disturbance.
Show considerable reslstance to "contractor pressures."
Intolerant of site disturbance. .
Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentalization).
Tolerant of saturated salls. Pest problems associated with
development impacts.
Intolerant of mechanical inJury (poor compartmentalization).
Moderately tolerant pf root loss. Intolerant of fill.
Intolerant of mechanical intwy (poor compartmentalization).
Intolerant of root pruning. Poor response to Injury.
Intolerant of fiU soiL
Response Is site dependent.
Mature trees partlcularJy slIsceptible.
Moderately tolerant of root pruning.
Tolerant of root loss. Intermediate In tolerance to saturated soils.
Intolerant of mechilnical injury (poor compartmentaIlZiltion).
Response constrained by soU and water availability.
Coder
Coder
Coder
Sydnor
Cadet
Pee pre
Coder
Coder
Hightshoe
Sydnor
Sydnor
Sydnor
Gilbert
Matheny & Clark
Coder
Sydnor
Coder
Matheny & Clark
Coder
Fraedrich, Sydnor
Coder
Gilbert
Coder
S. Clark, Fraedrich
S. Clark, Coder,
Hightshoe, Sydnor
;
\., -
i
,
Coder
- .
r' ". ~~~(
. . ....;
..,'
, "."
I ..'
I
I
.'. ~::
,~. \':,
O't;
Common name
Scientific name
European ash
Black ash
Green ash
Fraxlnus e;u:dsfor
Fraxinus nigra
Fraxfnus
peMSylvanica
Fraxinus
quadrongulata
Praxlnus uhdei
Fraxinus vtlutina
'Modesto'
Ginkgo bi/aba
Gleditsia CU]uatica
Glt!ditsia trleu:anthos
f. lnennis
Loblolly bay Gordonin/asianthus
Kentucky coffee-tree Gymnocladus dioicus
Blue ash
Shamel ash
Modesto ash
Ginkgo
Water locwt
Honey locust
Carolina silver bell Halesia caroliM
Relative
tolerance 1
Moderate
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Moduate
Two.....~ sih'erbell H(lIesi4 diptel'Q Moderate
Uttle sllverbelI Hnlesia parvifloltl Moderate
Witch-hazel Hamamelis vlrgininna Moderate
oj'
Carollna holly Ilex ambigua Good
Dahoon Rex CtUsine Good
Large gallberry Ra coriacea Good
Possurnhaw Ilex decidua. Good
MountAin flex montana Moderate-good
wlnterberry
Myrtle dahoon lla myrtifolin Good
AmerJcan holly flex opOCll Good
Common winteLberry Rex YeTtidllota Good
Yaupon holly Rex wmitoria Good
) As~gned either by source or by Matheny and Cark.
Comments
Tolerant of root loss and saturated soils,
Tolerant of root pruning and loss. Benefits from supplemental
lirlgation following inlury. Tolerant of saturated soils and fill.
Tolerant of root pruning. Best With lrrlgation following disturbance.
Toleran t oC root pruning. Requires supplemen tal inigatlon folloWing
root loss/injury.
Tolerant of root prunIng.
Tolerant of root pruning and site disturbance. lntermedlate
tolerance to saturated soils.
Tntermedlate tolerance to root loss and saturated soils.
Tolerant of site disturbance.
lntolerant of mechanical Injury (POOl compartmentalization).
Response constrained by soil aeration and water availablUty.
Umlted tolerance to microclimate change. Tolerance greatest
within native range. .
Intolerant of mechanical inlury (poor compartmentalization).
Response constrained by 50il aeration and water availability.
Intolerant of mechanJcallnlury (poor compartmentalization).
Response constrained by soU aeration and water availability.
Intolerant of mechanlcallnjwy (poor compartmentalization).
Response cONtralned by sol\ aeration and water aVallabllity.
Umlted tolerance to microclimate change. Thlerance greatest
withtn native range.
Tolerates some fill.
Source
Gilbert
Hightshoe
Coder, Day,
Hlghuhoe, Sydnor
Sydnor
EJlh
Matheny & Clark
Fraedrtch, Sydnor
Coder
Coder, Fraedrich.
Hlghtshoe, Sydnor
Coder
H1ghtshoe, Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder, Sydnor
Coder
Coder
t
.
l Relative
Common name Sdentific name tole rance 1 Comments Source
California black walnut 1~/a1/S llilldsU Poor Dies slowly following even minor root Injury or changes to Matheny &- Clark
water table. Crown reduction pruning may ~ fatal. Requires
tree protection zone at or beyond the drlpJine.
BIJck walnut III glans nigra Poor-moderate Intolerant of root loss. IntermedJate tolerance to satura ted soUs. Highuhoe, Sydnor
Intolerant of mechanlcalln}ury (poor compartmentalIzation).
Response constrained by son aeraUon and water avallability.
EnKUsh walnut /lIglans regfn Poor Usually grafted onto CalifornIa black walnut stock. Matheny & Clark
Rocky Mountain IllIIipmls Poor Sensitive 10 root p.nmJng and flll soil. Likely to decline lollowing Day
Juniper seopulomm grade change and loss of roots. Very susceptible to bore~
when stressed.
E.1stern red cedar Il/Ilipenu virgillimra Good Tolerant ohoot Joss. Intolerant of saturated soils. lntolerant of Coder, Hlgh1shoe,
mechanicallnjury. Sydnor
Mountain laurel Kalmia latlfolill Good Coder
Tamarack Larix IllriciTllf Moderate Tolerant of root loss and saturated soIls. Hlghtshoe
Sweetgum Liquidambar Poor-good Jntermediate response to flU and root Injury. Breadth of S. Clark, Coder,
sryracifll/a tolerance may be due to pre-existing sIte conditions and Matheny & Clark,
within species variation. Sydnor
Tullptree Lin'odelldron Moderate Intoleran t of loot pruning. Sensitive to wouncUng. Fraedtich, Sydnor
tlllip/rem
TullptTee I.i riorlendroll Poor Intolerant of rnechanicallnjury (poOl compartmentalization). Coder
tlll1pirera Response constIaJned by soU aeration and water avallabUlty.
Cucumbectree Magllo/ia aeum/nata M odezate Intolerant of mechanical In fury (poor compartmentalization). Coder
Fraser magnolia Magnolia fraseri Poor Intolerant of mechanlca1lnJury (poor compartmentalization).
Umited tolerance to microclimate change. :Tolerance greatest Coder
within native range.
Southern magnolia Mngnolia grallrliflom Poor or good Response dependent upon location: good within native range; Matheny & Clark,
poor outside It. Tn Calilomla, It declJoes follOWing Joot lnjury Sydnor
and site dlsturbaoce.
Southern magnolia Magnolia grmulifloro Moderate Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentalization). Coder
Pyramid magnolia Mogilalia pyrnmidntn Poor Intolerant of mech a nlca1 Injury (poor compartmentalization). Coder
Llmlted tolerance to microclimate change. Tolerance greatest
withIn native range.
Sweet ba)' Mag1lo/in virgllliarra Good Tolerant of saturated soUs. Coder, Sydnor
Apples Mllllls spp. Moderate Gilbert
Southern crabapple MallU allgustiroJin Moderate Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentalization). Coder
LimJted tolerance to microclimate change. Tolerance greatest
Within native cange. Pest problems associated with development
Impact's.
.,
lAsslgned either by source or by Matheny and Clark.
Relative
Common nam~ Scientific name tolerance1 Comments Source
Sweet crabapple Mnlus caronClrln. Moderate.good Intolerant of mechanIcal lnlury (poor compartmentalization). Coder, Sydnor
Limited tolerance to microclimate change. Tolerance greatest
within native range. Pest problenu assodated With development
Impacts.
Apple Mtllus damestica Good Tolerant of some fill. Sydnor
Prairie crabapple Mtllus ioell.~;S Good Sydnor
White mulberry MaTUS alba Moderate Matheny & Clark
White mulberry Matus aJba Good Tolerant of disturbance and fill. Sydnor
Red mulbeny MalUS rubra Good Tolerant of disturbance and fiU. Coder, S}'dnor
Southern bayberry Myrica ari{era Good Coder
Evergreen baybeny Myrica ~~rophyJ/a Good Coder
Water tupelo Nyssa. aquatica Good Coder
Oge;echee tupelo Nyssa ogtche Moderate Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentalization). Coder
Response constrained by soli aeration and water avallabmty.
81aqk gum. Nyssa sylvatica Good Response constrained by soU aeration and water avaJlabiUty. Coder, Sydnor
DeviJwood Osmanthus Moderate' Intolerant of mechanical injury (poor compartmentalization). Coder
omericonus
American Ostrya virginiana Moderate lntolerant of root loss and saturated soils. Two.lined chestnut
hophombeam borer will attack fO~Owing disturbance. Response is site depe,ndent. Coder, High1shoe,
Sydnor
Sourwood Oxydendrultl Moderate Wmdflrm. Sydnor
, arboreum
Sourwood Oxydendrum Poor Coder
arboreum
I
Empress-tree Paulownia tDmtnrosa Good Tolerant of sIte disturbance. Sydnor
Redbay PDlea borbonia Good Coder
Norway spruce Picea abies Moderate Often windthrows. Intolerant of root loss. Sydnor.
White spruce Pictrlglauca Moderate, Tolerant of root loss. Intermediate in tolerance to saturated soils. Hlghuhoe
Black spruce Pictrl nwrlana Good Tolerant of root loss and saturated salls. Hlghtshoe
Colorado spruce Picea pungens Moderate Intolerant of saturated solls. [ntermediate In tolaance to root
loss. Often wlndthcows. Day, Hightshoe, Sydnor
Pinckneya Pindcneya pubens Moderate Intolerant of mechanlcallnlwy (poor compartmentalizatfon). Coder
Jack pine Pinus banksfana Good Tolerant of root loss. Intolerant of saturated sol\s. Hightshoe, Sydnor
Canary Island pine Pinus canariensis Good Tends to have sinker Toots dose to trunk. Ellis
ShortleaI pine Pinus tChinata Modera te-good Pest problems associated with development Impacts. Tolerant of Coder, Sydnor
some fIll soil.
Plnyon pine Pinus edulis Moderate Tolerant oC root pruning. Intolerant of saturated and poorly Day
drained soils.
lAssigned either by source or by Matheny and aark.
,~
I
;
Relative
Common name Sdentific name tolerance I
'0______.--
Slash pine PinllS eIliottii Good
Spruce pine Pinus glnbm Good
Austrian pine Pillus nigra Good
longleaf pine Pinus pall/Stris Moderate-good
Ponderosa pine Pinus pandtrosa Good
Table mountain pine Pinus pungolS Moderate-good
Monterey pine Pinus radiata Moderate
Red pine Pill us resinosa Good
Pitch pine Pillus rigida Good
Digger pine Pinus snDiniana Moderate
Pond pine Pinus Strati"" Good
White pine Pinus stroblls Moderate
Seols pine PiIlUS sY/\If!stris GOQd
Loblolly pine Pitll/S taeda Moderate-good
Virginia pine Pinus virgil/ialla Poor-moderate
Virginia pIne Pinus virginiana Good
Planer tree Plan~(J a'll/atica Good
london plane Platnmu x aurifolia Poor or good
Eastern sycamore Platnlllu ocddentnlis Moderate
Eastern sycamore Platanus occidmtalI.s
Western sycamore Platanus mcemosa
Poplars Populus spp.
f.astern cottonwood PUpil Ills dl.'ltuirles
Good
Moderate
Good
Moderate-good
~
Western cottonwood Popul/u (mnolltii
BigtoOlh aspen PopulJU srm1didmtota
I.o/llb:mly poplilr Pu/mllls lIigra
, llaJica'
Poor
Poor-moderate
Moderate-good
I Assigned either by source or by Malheny and Clark.
,
. ,
Comments
Source
Tolerant of some fill and root pruning/injury.
Umited tolerance to microclimate change. Tolerance greatest
Within native range.
Tolerant of fiU within dripllne and root pruning. Intolerant of poor
drainage, ovenvaterlng, and high-soluble salts.
Umlted tolerance to microclimate change. Tolerance greatest
within native range.
Requires supplemental irrigation following disturbance.
Tolerant of root loss. Intolerant of saturated soils,
Tolerant of root lass. Intolerant of saturated so Us or changes
in soil moisture. Response often site dependent.
Tolerant of root loss. Intolerant of saturated soils.
Moderate tolerance to root lo.s.s.lntolerant of saturated soIl!.
injury increases susceptibility to southern pine beetle.
Prone to wlndtluow and root decay.
Response appears to be location dependent.1n.eastern lI.s.,
,stress intolerant In northern part of range. In Callfornla,
ve:ry tolerant. Benefits from supplemental Jn1gaUon.
Intermediate tolerance- to construction damage. Moderate
tolerance of fm soil.
Show considerable resistance to "contractor press.sures.n
Interml!cUate to good tolerance of root loss, fIIIsoi/, and
saturated soils.
Prone to wlndthrow and decay.
Tolerant of rOOI Joss. Intolerant of saturated soils.
Toll.'rant of minor amounts of fill. Intolerant 01 changes In
soU moisture. Decays rapidly. SusceptJble to windthrow.
Coder
Coder
Day, Sydnor
Coder
Day
Coder
ElILs
Hlghtshoe, Sydnor
Coder, Sydnor
Matheny I){ Clark
Coder
Coder, Hlghtshoe,
Sydnor
Hightshoe, Sydnor
S. Clark, Coder, Sydnor
Matheny & Clark,
Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Matheny & Clark,
Sydnor
S. Clark, Sydnor
Coder
Matheny & Clark
Gilberl
S. Clark, Coder,
Hightshoe, Sydnor
Matheny & Clark
Hlghtshoe, Sydnor
Beck
\: ~ ;, ..:;
.~.
:. - ". .
Relative
Common name Scientific name tolerance 1 Comments Source
.. --...--.. ---.---.--.-.-.---. ...
Plains cottonwood Populus sargmtii Moderate Defollation and dleback may follow excessive root loss. Day
Intolerant of crown reduction pruning. Supplemental irrigation
required following root Injury. Tolerant of some grade change.
Quaking aspen Populus tremuloides Moderate Tolerant of root loss. [ntolerant of saturated solis. Day, Hightshoe
Blad cottonwood Populus trichocarpa Poor Mature trees prone 10 Windthrow and trunk failure. Peepre
American plum l'Tunus americana Moderate Intolerant oC mechanical injury (poor compartmentalization). Coder
Response constrained by soil aeration and water availability.
..\' ChIckasaw plum Prunus angustifolia Moderate Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentaUzation). Coder
Response constrained by soil aeration and water ava1\abUlty.
Carolina Iaurelcherry Prunus Cilrolinimta Good Coder
Canada plum Prurrus nigra Moderate Tolerant of root loss. Intolerant of saturated.soIls. Hlghtshoe
Fire cheny Pronus ptJU)llvanial Moderate Intolerant of mechanicallnfury (poor compartmentalization). Coder
Black cherry Prumu s~rotina Poor Intermediate tolerance to root loss. Intolerant of 5atura~d soils. Hightshoe, Sydnor
Select young, vigorous individuals for preservation.
Black cherry PrunUsserotinn Moderate Intolerant of mechanlcallnjury (poor compartmentalization). Coder
Ratwoods plum P,unus wnbellatn Moderate Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentalization). Coda
Dougl..u-fi r P~udotsuga Poor. good Tolerant of rul solliC limited to one-quarter of root lone. Bed, Dunster
mmziesii However, may dedlne slowly following addition of fill. .
Tolerates root pruning. Intolerant of poor drainage.
Susceptible to bark beetles following Injury.
Hopaee Ptcl(!n tri{oliatLl Moderate Intolerant of mechanical injury (poor compartmentalization). Coder
Callery pear Pyrus calleryrma Modera te Intolerant oC root pruning. Fraedrich
Oaks QUDOLS spp. Moderate Gilbert
Coast live oak Quercus agli{olin Good Sensitive to addition oC fill so1\ around base of tnmk. Matheny & Clark
Intolerant oC frequent summer irrigation. Bark is sensitive
to sunburn following pruning.
White oak Q~,'CUS alba Poor Intolerant of root loss and saturated solIs. HIghtshoe
White oak Quercus alba Moderate i' S. Clark
White oak Quercus alba Good A cornman survivor of cowtruction activity. Moderate Coder, Sydnor
tolerance to fill soil. Response constrained by soil aeration
and water avallabUity.
Swamp white oak QUert1tS bicolor Good Tolerant of some fiU. Day. Sydnor
Scarlet oak Que1'l:us coccinm Poor.moderate [ntolerant of construction injury. S. Oark, Sydnor
Scarlet oak Q~rcuscoa:inea Good Coder
Durand oak Quacus durandii Good. Coder
Souther.n red oak Quercus (oIcata Moderate.good Largely Intolerant of construction Inju1)'. S. CJark, Coder. Sydnor
Cherrybark oak Q~rcus (ilkatll Good Coder
var. pagodae{olia
1 Asslgt1ed either by source 01 by Matheny and Clark.
,
~ .
Common name
Scientific name
Oregon white oak QI/eJOLS garryann
ShIngle oak QllncllS imUrlenria
Bluejack oak QUmllS Incnlln
California black oak. QunctlS ktlloggii
Turkey oak QIIMUS laevis
Laurel oak QItm'US lallrifolia
Valley oak
O...errup oak
Bue oak
QIlOOLS Jobata
QIlt'TClLS Iyrata
Qllt'TCl/S nlftcTocarpct
Bur oak Ql/tmtS macrocarpa
Blackjack oak QlIOCUS marl/andiea
Swamp chestnut oak QUncltS miehallxii .
. Chlnquapin oak Qa/OOtS
/Illlehlenbergii
Qum:us /Ilgrer
Querrus palustri.s
WateI oak
Pin oak
Willow oak
Chestnut oak
Northern red oak
Shumard oak
Post oak
iliad: Oil"
Black oak
Uve oak
QlIemts phellos
QuemtS primtS
Quercus rubra
QllemLS s}lIannraii
Quertm std/nta
Ql/nrllS IIl!/utilla
QlItmtS vtlutinn
QuercllS virglnlcrna
Relative
tolerance1
Good
Good
Good
Moderate
Good
Moderate
Moderate
Good
Moderate
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Moderate-good
. Moderate-good
Moderate-good
Moderate-good
Good
Poor-good
Moderate
Good
Good
I Anlgl\c:d either by source 01 by Matheny and Clark.
Comments
Subject to nutritional problems when alkaline subbase Is used.
Intolerant of extreme variation in moisture. Poor
compartmentaUzation resporue.
Intolerant of summer irrigation and fill soil.
Relatively tolerant of root injury, although may be associated
mth aown dleback. Supplemental trflgation required following
root injury. Intermediate tolerance to saturated solls
(prairie areas, U.S.). .
Tolerant of fill and compacted salls (eastern U.s.)
Tolerant of site distwbance.
Tolerant of satwated soils.
Intermediate tolerance of root loss and saturated solls.
.Response constrained by soil aeration and Water availability.
Response constrained by soU aeration and water avallability.
Tolerant under good growing conditions.
Response constrained by soU aeration and waw availabllIty.
LlmHed tolerance to microclimate change. Tolerance greatest
w1thin naUve range. Tolerant of root Joss.
Variation may be geographic In origin; poor in south,
good in mideastern U.S. (Ohio).
Intolerant of root loss and saturated solis.
High tolerance for various soli types as well as tJenching,
compaction, and drought. Good compartmentaJlzation response.
Umlted toleTallce to site change. Tolerance greatest withIn
native range.
Source
Bell, Matheny &: Clark.
Sydnor
Coder
Matheny &: Clark
Coder
Slebenthaler
Matheny & Clark
Coder
Day, Hlghtshoe
Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Coder, Sydnor
Coder, Sydnor
S. Clark, Hlghtshoe,
Sydnor
Coder, Sydnor
Coder, Sydnor
Coder, Hlghtshoe,
Sydnor
Coder, Sydnor
S. Clark, Coder, Sydnor
Hightshoe, Sydnor
Coder
Coder, Sieben thaler,
Sydnor
"
Common name
Carolina buckthorn Rhamnus carolinlana
Scientific name
-. .....-.-.-.-.-... .--.-..-....-_......... __. . _0_.__, ..._..._...._._...._.. . _.....____.. ..__
Catawba
rhododendron
Rosebay
rhododendron
Shining sumac
Smooth sumac
Staghorn sumac
Black locust
WUlow
Weeping willow
Rhododendron
catawbimse
Rhododendron
n/lulmlun
Rhus copa1lina
RhllS slabra
Rhm typhi1Ul
Robinia pseudoacacJa
Sa/a spp.
Salix babylonIca
Coastal plain willow Salix corolInfana
Black wUlow Sali" nigra
Silky willow
SalIx sericea
American elder Sambucus canQdmsis
Sassafras Sassafras n/bidllm
C.1lifomia peppertree
Co.1St redwood Sequoia
sempervirms
Giant redwood Sequoiaderulron
g/gnntrllm
Mountain ash SorulIS llJlClIparia
AllIl-rimn bladdemut Staphylea trifolia
Vir!::ln!;, stcwmtia Sr~artia
mcr/crcodendron
Mountain stewartia Stewama ovata
Allll:ckO\1l snowbell Styrax amerlcana
1li~ll'"r sllO\vbcll
Common S\\'l'l',Il'ar SymplCJcos tinctorla
Styrax STtmdifolia
Relative
tolerance 1
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Good
Good
Moderate-good
Moderate-good
Good
Good
Good
POOl
Good
SchinllS mO/le
Good
Moderate
Moderate
Good
Good
Good
Mooetate
Moderate
Good
-.,.-....------
I A\sl':IIl'l.1 dllll" II>' SUllrl"l~ (Ie by Matheny and Cuk.
Comments
Intoletant of mechanIcal Injury (poor compartmentalization).
Response constrained by 5011 aeyatlon and water availability.
Intolerant of mechanical injury (poor compartmentalization).
Intolerant of mechanical injury (poor compartmentalIzation).
Intolerant of mechanicaJ injury (poor compartmentalization).
Intolerant of mechanlcallnlury (poor compartmentalization).
Regenerates quIckly from root sprouts following disturbance.
Tolerant of loot Joss and fin soil. Intolerant of saturated solls.
Sensltive to borers when stressed.
Moderately tolerant of Toot prunIng and fill soil. Show considerable
resistance to "contractor pressures."
Disturbance may lead to cankering. Tolerant of some fill.
Increased likelihood of wind throw with saturated soils.
Tolerant of root loss and saturated salls. Tolerant of some fill.
Response Is sIte dependent.
Regenetates from root suckers following disturbance.
Moderate
Supplemental 1rr1gatlon required If located out of native range,
as well as during construction and following injury.
Intolerant of summer Imgation and fill soU.
Tolerant of root loss. Intermediate in tolerance' to saturated soils.
Intoletant of mechanIcal Injury (poor compartmentalization).
Response constrained by soll aeration and water availabl1lty.
Intolc;rant of mechanical inJury (poor compartmentalIzation)..
Response constrained by soU aeration and water avaUabUlty.
Intolerant of mechanical 1nJury (poor compartmentalization).
Source
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Sydnor
HlghlShoe, Sydnor
Day, f-raedrich, Gilbert
S. Clark, Sydnor
Coder
Coder. Hightshoe,
Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Codex, Sydnor
Ell is
Matheny & Clark
Matheny &: Clark
Hlghtshoe
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
/.
'I'
Common name
Sdentific name
Relative
tolerancel
Comments
nald-c)'pre~s
Sowce
,:
Taxodium distic1wl1l
Pond cypres~ Taxodiltlll di~1icJllun
var. III/tans
Kocthem white cedar Thuja occidmtalis
We~tern red cedar TllI/jn plicarn
Western red cedar
lindl'n
Basswood
Cuolina basswood
White basswood
Poi~on sumac
Eastern hemlock
\ \It:stem hemlock
l]Jr!
Winged elm
AmeriGIO elm
AllIcrkilll ('1m
Sibefian elm
Slippery elm
Slippery.clm
TlllIja plicntn
TiUn spp.
TiIi(l flmt'ricmln
nlin cnrolilJiallfl
TIUn II~trrop/tylla
Toxico,deJufroll
l~mix
Tsug(l callndmsis
TSlIga /~teroplJ)I/ln
Ulmus spp.
Ulmus alotn
UI",IIS alll~ricalln
Vll1lllJ nlnt'riClllln
Ulmus pumila
I..flmU$ rubm
VIII/liS I'IIbm
California bay U",bdlu/nrin
ca/i(omica
Sparkle berry Vaccirlil/III nrbor~l/m
Posswnhaw vwurnum VJbunrum IIUal/1lI
Walter's viburnum Vibltn1um obovottml
Good
Good
Good
Good
Poor-moderate
Moderate-good
Poor
Poor
Poor
Moderate
Poor
Poor-moderate
Good
Good
Good
Moderate
Good
Good
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Good
Good
1,\s~i!::lll'd l'lth(,1 h~' soure\.' or hy Mathen)' and Clark.
Adapts readily to wlde range of soils, wet to dry, sandy
to heavy. Tolerant of alkaline soils. Th.tnk does not dlsturb
pavement but knees may emerge In yards.
,
Tolerant of root loss, some fijI, and saturated salls.
Relatively windfirm. Intolerant of changes in water
table/soil moisture.
Response is very site dependent, probably related to soil molstur~.
Intolerant of fill.
Moderately tolerant of root pruning. Considerable resistance to
"contractor pressures."
1blerant or root loss. Intolerant of saturated soils. Intolerant of
site disturbance and fill.
Respo!lse is site dependent.
Response Is site dependent.
Intolerant of mechanical injury (poot compartmentallz.ation).
Intolerant of fill and saturated soils.
Prone to. windthrow, decay, and dwarf mistletoe. Intolerant of
grade change. Poor compartmentalization.
Tolerant or root prurting.
Tolerant of root Joss and site disturbance. Intennedlate in
tolerance to saturated soils.
Pest problems associated with development Impacts
(sQutheastern U.S.).
Tolerant of fill soU, root pruning, injury, a wIde range of soil
moisture conditions, and high-soluble salts.
Tolerant of root loss. {nterrnedlate in tolerance to saturated soils.
Pest problems assoctated with development impacts
(southeastern U.s.)
Intolerant of fill soil.
Response is site dependent.
S. Clark, Coder,
Slebenthalet
Coder
Highcshoe, Sydnor
Peep! e
Beck, Dunster
S. Clark, GlIbert,
Fraedrich
Hlghtshoe, Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder, Sydnor
Beck. Dunster, Pee pre
fraedrich
Coder
Da}~ Hlghtshoe, Sydnor
Coder
Day
Hightshoe
Coder
Matheny &: Clark
Coder
Coder
Coder
i
I
I
I
,
I
j
I
I
i
,
;
I
i
I
!
Common name
Relative
tolerancel
Comments
Coder
Coder
Sdentific name
Rusty black haw
Hercu1es club
Viburnum ntfidulum
Zanthoxylum
cfava.htrcl/!is
Good
Moderate
Intolerant of mechanical InJury (poor compartmentalization)
1 Assigned either by source or by Matheny i1nd Clark.
REFERENCES
Beck, M. 1996. Northwest Arborvitae, WoodlnvUle, WA. Personal
communication.
Bell, H. 1996. ANEW LEAF, Merlin, OH. Personal communication.
Clark, S. 1996. Steve Clark & Assodates, Brentwood, rn. Personal
communication.
Coder, K.D. 1996. University of ~orgia, Athens. Personal communication.
Gillen, S. 1996. Consulting aiborist, Greenwich. cr. Personal communlcation.
Day, S. 1996. Day & Associates, LIttleton, CO. Personal communication.
Ellis, D. 1996. Deborah Ellis, Horticultural Consultant, Saratoga, CA.
Personal communication.
Source
I
Fraedrich, B. 1995. Solutions of tree and sidewalk conflicts. City Trees.
pp. 13-15. MaY-June 1995. .
Gilbert, O. 1996. Retaining trees on construction sites. Arboriatltllml
Journal. 20:39-45.
Hightshoe, G. 1988. Native Trees, Shmbs and Vines (or Urban and Ruml
America. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. B19 pp.
Peepre, J.S. Undated. SaYing Native Trees in the Lower MaIn/aI/d. Vancouver,
BC: J.P. Peepre & Associates.
Siebenthaler,). 1996. Clearwater, FL Personal communication.
Sydnor, T. 1996. Ohio State UnIversity, Columbus, OH. Personal
communication. .
:!l
Approved as to legal form and ~umcif:Dcy for
the City of Winter Springs only:
Anthony A. Garganese, City Attorney
First Reading:
Second Reading:
Effective Date:
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 19 of 19
ORDINANCE NO. 2002-08
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE
CITY OF WINTER SPRINGS, FLORIDA AMENDING THE
CODE OF ORDINANCES BY REPEALING THE EXISTING
CHAPTER 5 ENTITLED ARBOR IN ITS ENTIRETY, AND
ENACTING A NEW CHAPTER 5 ENTITLED TREE
PROTECTION ORDINANCE; PROVIDING FOR
APPLICABILITY; LEGISLATIVE INTENT AND PURPOSE;
DEFINITIONS; PERMIT APPLICA TION AND
PROCEDURES; DESIGNATION OF SPECIMEN OR
HISTORIC TREES; TREE REPLACEMENT CRITERIA;
PROHIBITIONS; EXCEPTIONS; TREE PROTECTION
DURING DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION;
WAIVERS AND APPEAL; REMEDIAL ACTION;
PROVIDING FOR THE REPEAL OF PRIOR INCONSISTENT
ORDINANCES AND RESOLUTIONS; PROVIDING FOR
INCORPORA TION INTO THE CODE; PROVIDING FOR
SEVERABILITY; AND PROVIDING FOR AN EFFECTIVE
DATE.
WHEREAS, the City is granted the authority, under ~2(b), Article VIII of the State
Constitution, to exercise any power for municipal purposes, except when expressly
prohibited by law; and
WHEREAS, the Florida Constitution, Article II, Section 7 provides "It shall be the
policy of the State to conserve and protect its natural resources and scenic beauty."
WHEREAS, the City Commission is committed to preserving and enhancing green areas of
the City and by assuring the preservation of existing trees on public and private property and taking
steps to require maintenance of existing and the installation of new trees in the City; and
WHEREAS, trees aid in energy conservation by cooling the atmosphere, reduce air pollution
by removing particles such as dust and pollen, increase oxygen production, slow surface water run
off, reduce soil erosion, provide food, nesting sites and protection for wildlife, enhance scenic beauty,
and provide other environmental benefits; and
WHEREAS, the City Staff has reviewed the current Arbor Ordinance and has advised this
- City Commission that the current Ordinance should be substantially revised in order to preserve and
protect the citizens of the City of Winter Springs and to promote a more aesthetically and
environmentally pleasing community; and
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 1 of 19
WHEREAS, the City Commission of the City of Winter Springs, Florida, hereby finds this
ordinance to be in the best interests of the public health, safety, and welfare of the citizens of Winter
Springs.
NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF WINTER
SPRINGS HEREBY ORDAINS, AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. Repeal of Prior Chapter 5. The City of Winter Springs Code, Chapter 5, is
hereby repealed in its entirety, A copy of Chapter 5 is attached hereto as Exhibit "A" for reference
purposes to indicate the provisions hereby repealed.
Section 2. New Chapter 5 Created. A new Chapter 5 of the City of Winter Springs Code
is hereby created as follows:
CHAPTER 5 - TREE PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION
Sec. 5-1.
Applicability.
This ordinance shall be applicable to all land lying in the incorporated area of the City of
Winter Springs. Florida,
Sec. 5-2.
Intent and Purpose.
W Purpose. The purpose of this Chapter is to establish protective regulations for Trees
within the City in order to maintain and protect the City Forest. to better control
problems of flooding. soil conversation. air pollution and noise. and to make the City
a healthier. more attractive and safer place in which to live.
.Qll Intent. The intent of this Chapter is to encourage the protection of the maximum
number of Trees within the Primary Tree Protection Zone and of large Specimen
Trees within the Secondary Tree Protection Zone. It is further the intent of this
Chapter to encourage the protection of Trees native to Central Florida.
To this end. it shall be unlawful to cut down. damage. poison. or in any other manner
destroy or cause to be destroyed any Tree or other vegetation as covered by the
provisions of this ordinance except in accordance with the provisions set forth herein.
Notwithstanding. in case of emergencies involving natural disaster such as. but not
limited to. flood. freeze or other natural disasters. the requirements of this ordinance
may be temporarily waived by the City Commission by resolution.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No, 2002-08
Page 2 of 19
Sec. 5-3.
Definitions.
As used in this Chapter. the following terms shall have the meanings indicated unless the
context clearly indicates otherwise:
W Caliper. Measurement of Tree eight (8) inches from soil level.
ill Citv. The City of Winter Springs. Florida.
liD. City Forest. The aggregate of all street Trees and all park Trees,
@ Crown. The mass of branches. twigs and leaves at the top ofa Tree. with particular
reference to its shape.
Uti DEN. Diameter of trunk at breast height. (approximately four and one-half( 4 Y:z) feet
from the ground of a Tree base).
ill Desirable Trees. Trees oarticularly adaptive to Central Florida identified as "desirable
trees" in Appendix B of this Chapter. as may be amended by the City Manager.
(g} Dripline. The vertical line running through the outermost portion of the Tree Crown
extending to the ground.
.au Encroachment. The protrusion into a vehicular accessway.. pedestrian-way. or
required landscape area.
ill Heavy Machinery. Mechanical Land Clearing. earth-moving. or earth-working
equipment with a gross weight in excess of 5.000 pounds. For purposes of this
ordinance. all machinery which utilizes steel tracks for traction shall be considered to
be Heavy Machinery. regardless of weight.
ill Historic Tree. A Tree which has been found by the City Commission to be of notable
historic interest to the City based on its age. species. size. historic association or
unique characteristics.
{k} Land Clearing. The removal or grubbing. by any means. of any tvve of vegetation
from land. not including. however. activities governed by a Tree Removal permit.
ill Person. Any individual. firm. corporation. partnership. ioint venture association.
principal. trustee. municipal corporation. political subdivision. or special district. or
any agent or representative thereof
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 3 of 19
(m) Preferred Plant List. Preferred Plant List shall mean the list of plant materials and
corresponding Tree Replacement Credit shown in Appendix "C". which may be
amended from time to time by the City Manager in writing.
(ill Primary Tree Protection Zone. This shall mean the front. side and rear yard areas as
established and required by the Land Development Code of the City as the same may.
from time to time. be amended.
(Q1 Protected Area. An area surrounding a protected. Historic. or Specimen Tree within
which physical intrusion is prohibited in order to prevent damage to the Tree. roots
and soil around the Tree base. the dimensions of which shall be established by the City
and set forth in the Tree Removal permit. in according with Section 5-14.
uu Protective Barrier, Shall be a circle of one-inch to two-inch wide stakes spaced a
maximum of eight (8) feet from each other at the perimeter of the Tree Protection
Zone and which extend out of the ground at least eighteen (I8) to twenty-four (24)
inches. with the top two (2) to four (4) inches marked by flourescent orange paint or
tape.
fill Replacement Trees. Replacement Trees shall at a minimum comoly with the
provisions of Subsection 5-9,
(r} Secondary Tree Protection Zone. This shall mean all areas not included in the
Primary Tree Protection Zone. Subdivision street rights-of-way and easements are
also defined as being within the Secondary Tree Protection Zone.
,
W Specimen Tree. A Tree. other than an undesirable tree. dead tree. or diseased tree.
that is twenty (20) inches or more in diameter.
ill Stem. The main trunk of a plant: its orimary axis that develops buds and shoots
instead of roots,
M Topping. The severe cutting back oflimbs within the Tree's crown to prevent normal
growth to such a degree so as to remove the normal canopy and disfigure the Tree,
(y) Transplant. The act of relocating an existing Tree upon the same lot
.6Y} Tree. Self-supporting wood. perennial plants of species which have a trunk with a
diameter of at least four (4) inches measured at Caliper and normally grow to an
overall Crown height of a minimum of fifteen (15) feet.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 4 of 19
W Tree Protection Zone. Shall mean that area located around the perimeter of the Tree
in which no activity such as clearing. filling. excavating, storage of materials. parking
of vehicles. or any other activity that in the opinion' of the Forester may damage the
Tree may occur. This zone is calculated according to Appendix D to this Ordinance.
(y) Tree Removal. Shall mean any act which will cause a Tree situated on real property
to die within a period of two (2) years from the time of the act including. but not
limited to. by cutting. girdling. relocating. interfering with the water supply. applying
chemicals. regrading around the base of the Tree Trunk.
W Tree Replacement Assessment. Tree Replacement Assessment shall mean the total
amount of monetary compensation owed to the City of Winter Springs as provided
in this Chapter for the replacement of trees cut. destroyed. or removed as a result of
development or redevelopment.
(aa) Tree Replacement Credit. The Tree Replacement Credit shall be equal to one-
hundred ($100.00) dollars and no cents in Tree replacement value.
ebb) Tree Trunk. The main Stem of a Tree apart from limbs and roots.
(cc) Undesirable Trees. AIl types of Trees identified as "undesirable trees" in Appendix
A of this Chapter as amended from time to time by the City Manager in writing,
Sec. 5-4.
Permit Required for Tree Removal and Land Clearing; Separate
Violations; Criteria
W Permit Required No Person shall engage in Tree Removal or engage in Land
Clearing located within the City. without first obtaining a permit as provided in this
Chapter. It shall be a separate violation of this Chapter for each Tree removed and
each day a oerson is engaged in Land Clearing without a permit.
.au Criteria. Upon receipt ofa completed application and verification on-site by the City
Forester. a permit may be issued for Tree Remoyal under the following conditions:
ill Trees located on building and construction sites as shown on City approyed
plans. provided said Trees are replaced elsewhere on the property in
accordance with &5-9 of this Chapter.
ill Trees located within ten (10) feet of a structure or other improvement.
provided said Trees are replaced elsewhere on the property in accordance
with &5-9 of this Chapter.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 5 of 19
ill Trees severely diseased. severely iniured or dead,
ill Trees that interfere with the construction or repair of public utilities.
ill Undesirable Trees, per Appendix A.
(Q) Trees removed by the City or other governmental agency and which are
located within a public road. drainage rights-of-way. or permanent utilities and
drainage easements.
ill Trees that have been approved by the City Forester and which shall be
replaced elsewhere on the property.
00 All Trees and plants. within a licensed Tree nursery. planted for harvest shall
be exempt from the terms and provisions of this Chapter only if Trees are
planted and growing on the premises of the licensee and are for sale or
intended for sale in its ordinary course of business.
if) Review Standards. When making a determination on whether to approve or deny an
application under this Chapter. the City Forester shall apply one (1) or more of the
following standards of review deemed relevant:
ill Necessity to remove Trees which pose a safety hazard to pedestrian or
vehicular traffic or threaten to cause disruption to public services and public
easements through Encroachment.
ill Necessity to remove Trees which pose a safety hazard to buildings and other
improvements on a lot or parcel of land.
ill Necessity to remove diseased Trees or Trees weakened by age. storm. fire or
other injury that pose a safety hazard to people. buildings or other
improvements on lot or parcel ofland.
ill The extent to which Tree Removal is likely to result in damage to the property
of other owners. public or private. including damage to lakes. ponds. streams.
or rivers through runoff or erosion,
ill Any proposed landscaping including plans whereby the applicant has planted
or will plant Trees to replace those that are proposed to be cleared,
(Q) Topography of the land and the effect of Tree Removal on erosion. soil
retention and the diversion or increased flow of surface water.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 6 of 19
ill Good forestry practices. such as the number of healthy Trees that a given
parcel of land will reasonably support and the proven techniques that sustain
healthy trees.
ill Necessity to remove Trees in order to construct approved and permitted
improvements to allow economic enioyment of the property. including:
fA) Need for access around the proposed structure for construction
equipment (maximum often (10) feet).
lID Need for access to the building site for construction equipment.
(Q Essential grade changes,
{ill Need for locating street or road rights-of-way. utilities. drainage ways.
as well as the need to provide reasonable use and property access,
ill The extent of any damage or demonstrated hardship which would result to the
applicant from a denial of the requested permit.
D.ill The species and size of the Trees proposed for removal.
D..D The following factors shall also be considered:
(A) Trees forming the current canopy,
lID Preservation of the next generation of Trees.
Sec. 5-5.
City Forestry Office.
ill} Establishment of Office. There is hereby created within the Department of
Community Development. the Office of City Forestry. The Community Development
Director shall head this office and the City Manager shall appoint one (1) or more
employees of the department to act in the capacity of Forester for the City.
.GU Scope of Authority. The City Forester shall be charged with the responsibility and
authority to review and oversee all activities within the City limits which involve Tree
RemovaL Land Clearing. or danger to and by any Tree.
(f) Responsibilities. The role of the City Forester shall include. but not necessarily be
limited to:
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 7 of 19
ill Receiving and processing applications for Tree Removal. Land Clearing and
other permits under this Chapter.
ill Inspection of all property subiect to an application.
ill Confirming all information provided by the applicant is correct and accurate.
ill To approve or deny all permit applications under this Chapter.
ill To issue cease and desist work orders upon Persons in violations of this
Chapter.
@ To bring violators of this Chapter before the Code Enforcement Board.
ill To issue code enforcement citations for any violation of this Chapter.
00 To augment the City's Forest by the planting or approval of planting of
additional Trees on public property.
(2) To keep a permanent record of all Historic or Specimen Trees designated by
the City Commission.
.QQ.) To educate the public regarding this Chapter and the importance of
maintaining a City Forest.
(ill To handle other related iob duties assigned by the City Manager.
Sec. 5-6 Permit Application.
W Filing Avvlication and Payment of Fees. An application for Tree Removal and Land
Clearing shall be filed on official forms provided by the City's Forester. . The applicant
may be required to pay a fee as may be established by resolution of the City
Commission. If the applicant is not the property owner. then the applicant shall attach
the written permission of the property owner to. the. application. Completed
applications shall be returned to the Forester. along with the following:
ill A Tree inventory consisting of a scaled aerial photograph or drawing of a
scale of one (I) inch equals three hundred (300) feet or greater indicating:
ill Property boundaries.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 8 of 19
au The location of all individual Trees including the Tree's common or
botanical name,
(Q An indication of all Trees proposed for removal.
ill) Within the Primary Tree Protection Zone. a plan shall designate the
Trees to be retained and those proposed to be removed. relocated or
replaced. Those Trees proposed for removal. relocation or
replacement shall also be identified by common or botanical name.
an Within the Secondary Tree Protection Zone. a plan shall designate the
Trees to be retained. and those proposed to be removed.
ill The location of existing and proposed improvements. if any. including
structures. paving and utility easements.
ill Reasons for the removal of Trees.
ill The appropriate permit fees.
(Q) Time for Application. Applications for a Tree Removal or Land Clearing permit shall
be made prior to removal or clearing; except that in the following cases. application
shall be filed when indicated:
ill All new subdivisions shall be required to submit an application for a Tree
Removal or Land Clearing permit. at the time of initial submittal of the
subdivision plan. to the City Forester so that due consideration may be given
to protection of Trees during the subdivision design process,
ill Any commercial. industrial. multi-family or other use requiring site plan
approval under the Citv land development regulations shall be required to
submit an application for a Tree Removal and Land Clearing permit at the
time of.site plan submittal so that due consideration mav be given to the
protection of Trees during the site plan design process.
ill All new single-family and duplex dwelling units shall be required to submit an
application for a Tree Removal and Land Clearing permit at the time of
application for a building permit: the Tree inventory may be shown on the
building permit plot plan.
if} Exempting Portion of the Tree Survev. Upon request. the Forester may permit an
applicant to omit certain portions of the Tree inventory where compliance with the
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 9 of 19
requirements set forth herein would be unnecessarily burdensome and the exempted
portions are not needed for the City to evaluate the application.
@ Permit Fee. A nonreturnable permit fee to be establishing by resolution of the City
Commission shall be paid for purposes of processing the application. enforcing the
provisions of this Chapter. and inspecting the real property subiect to the application.
ill Posting of Permit. The permit must be posted upon the property and visible from the
street to be valid.
Sec. 5-7
RESERVED.
Sec. 5-8.
Specimen or Historic Trees.
w
Designation. Certain Trees. herein referred to as "Specimen" or "Historic"
Trees. are of especially great concern to the public because of ecological
value. of indigenous character. size. age or historic association.
Determination that a Tree is a Historic Tree shall be made by resolution of the
City Commission. and the City Forester shall keep a permanent record of all
Trees so designated by the City Commission, Specimen Trees are all Trees
(other than "Undesirable Trees" identified in Appendix A dead trees or
diseased trees) which are twenty (20) inches or more in diameter. Designation
as an Historic Tree may occur in anyone of the following ways:
ill An applicant may request designation of an Historic Tree as part of
any master plan. preliminary subdivision plat. or site plan application.
To do so. the applicant shall' submit' an expert evaluation by a
landscape architect. horticulturalist. city forester. or other horticultural
expert as part of the application.
ill A property owner may request such designation at any time, To do
so. the property owner shall submit an expert. evaluation by a
landscape architect. horticulturalist. city forester historian or other
horticultural expert.
ill The City's Forester may recommend such designation as part of their
review of any application for development. stating in writing their
reasons for such designation. or may make such designation as part of
an overall Tree protection planning program for the City or portion
thereof
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 10 of 19
ill Historic Tree designations shall be subiect to approval by resolution
of the City Commission and the City Commission may grant tree
replacement credits. upon granting an Historic Tree designation,
Dll
Removal. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Chapter. Specimen or
Historic Trees shall not be removed except for extraordinary circumstances
and hardships and only by final permit approved by the City Commission.
Sec. 5-9.
Tree Replacement Guidelines.
W Tree Replacement. All Trees that are removed or destroyed and subiect to
replacement by this Chapter shall be replaced by a species of Tree cited in Appendix
B. Desirable Trees or Appendix C. Preferred Plant List or such other Trees properly
approved by the City Forester. Replacement shall occur within ninety (90) days of
removal or destruction unless a greater replacement period is provided for good cause
by permit.
Dll Criteria for Replacement Trees is as follows:
ill Characteristics of Replacement Trees. The replacement Tree( s) shall have at
least equal shade potentiaL screening properties. and/or other characteristics
comparable to that of the Tree(s) requested to be removed.
ill Size of Replacement Trees. Replacement Tree( s) are to be made according
to a standard of one (1") inch DBH total replacement for each one (1") inch
DBH removed. unless (1) the Trees are replaced with Trees from the
Preferred Plant List: or (2) otherwise agreed upon by the City Commission
and applicant. Acceptable spacing and design standards are the only criteria
that shall limit the number of Trees used to meet the inch for inch
requirement.
ill Tree Species. Relocated or Replacement Trees shall include only species
defined as Desirable Trees (Appendix B) under this ordinance.
ill Transplanting and Maintenance Requirements. All Trees transplanted
pursuant to this ordinance shall be maintained in a healthy. living condition.
Any such Trees which die shall be replaced and maintained by the property
owner. The City shall retain perpetual iurisdiction to ensure compliance with
this Chapter.
ill Waivers of Replacement Tree(s) Specifications, The number of required
Reolacement Trees may be waived by the City Commission. if the City
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 11 of 19
Commission determines that the remaining number of Trees to be preserved
on site are of sufficient number and quality to substantially comply with the
purpose and intent of this Chapter and a tree replacement fee is paid to the
City's "Tree Bank." which is hereby established. Monies collected in the Tree
Bank shall be used for enhancement and maintenance of trees on public lands,
Substitute Tree(s) allowed under this Waiver provision must have the
approval of the City Commission. The value to be paid into the tree bank
should be based upon wholesale market value of the trees being replaced.
@ Replacement Alternative. As an alternative to the one for one Tree
replacement requirement set forth in this Section. an applicant may elect to
comply with the following Tree replacement guidelines:
(A) Applicant may deduct from the number of Trees to be replaced. Tree
Replacement Credits based on the number of replacement credits as provided
in the Preferred Plant Material List provided that:
ill. All plant materials are Florida Grades and Standard One (1) or
better: and
@ All plant materials are properly installed: and
(iii) The landscape plan for the proposed development or
redevelopment to which the credits are to be applied is
prepared by a landscape architect licensed by the State of
Florida: and
(iv) The Developer shall guarantee survival of retained and
replacement trees for a period of one (I) year from the
completion of construction. unless a greater time period is
required bv development agreement, If retained or
replacement Trees die during that time period. the Developer
shall replace the tree in accordance with a remedial action
under Section 5-17 of this Chapter.
(B) For each tree located within a public conservation area dedicated to the
City as part of a development proiect. three (3) replacement tree credits may
be applied to the total number of trees required to be replaced by this Chapter.
However. the minimum tree requirement set forth in Section 5-13 shall stilI
apply. Such public conservation area must be at least one (I) acre with widths
not less than 125 feet. unless otherwise approved by the City Commission.
In addition. trees approved by the City Forester to reforest such conservation
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 12 of 19
area shall also be applied to the replacement requirement on a one-for-one
basis.
(C) If the City Commission determines. due to site conditions or
configuration. it is impossible or impracticable for the applicant/developer to
meet the requirements for Tree Replacement. under this subsection. the City
Commission may allow the applicant/developer to pay into the City's "Tree
Bank" the amount it would have spent on Replacement Trees.
W Replacement Cost. The cost of replacing the Trees shall be incurred by the party that
removed the Trees or property owner.
Sec. 5-10.
Prohibitions.
W Placement of Materials. Machinery, or Temporary Soil Deposits. It shall be unlawful
to place material. machinery. or temporary soil deposits within the Tree Protection
Zone before or during construction. Before or during construction the builder shall
erect and maintain suitable Protective Barriers around all Trees to be preserved,
Upon written request. the City Forester. on a case by case basis. may allow material
or temporary soil deposits to be stored within the Protective Barrier if no other
storage is available.
ilil Climbing Spurs. It shall be unlawful to use climbing spurs or other similar device
to aid in the climbing of a live tree. where such device causes the puncture or tears the
bark of the tree.
(ill Tree Spiking. It shall be unlawful to introduce any type of poison or reactive material
to a Tree for the purpose of causing it to die or become diseased.
@ Structure and Pavement Location. It shall be unlawful to place any structure or
impervious paving within eight (8') foot radius of any Tree Trunk or Stem having a
diameter of four (4 ") inches or more at Caliper.
w City Trees. It shall be unlawful to trim. prune. or remove any tree which is within the
City's rights-of-way or upon any other City property without the permission of the
City evidenced by the appropriate permit.
ill Attachments, It shall be unlawful to attach anything to a Tree or Stem. including nails
or spikes. having a diameter of four (4") inches or more at Caliper. other than
protective wires. braces or other similar noniniurious materials,
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 13 of 19
(g) Cut and Fill Guidelines, It shall be unlawful to remove or add any material or ground
within the Tree Protection Zone unless otherwise permitted by the Forester.
ill Encroachment of the Dripline. During the construction stage of development. the
developer or property owner shall not cause or allow Land Clearing. the use of heavy
equipment or material within the Dripline of any Tree or groups of Trees to be
retained. Neither shall the developer cause or allow the disposal of waste material
such as paint. oil. solvents. asphalt. concrete. mortar or any other material harmful to
the life of a Tree within the Dripline of any Tree or groups of Trees. or where planting
beds are to be situated.
ill Shearing. Hat Racking. Topping or Poodle Trimming of Trees. Trees intended for
shade purposes shall be allowed to reach their mature canopv spread, Excessive
shearing. pruning or shaping shall only be allowed with a permit by demonstrating
necessity or without a permit in times of emergency only.
Sec. 5-11.
RESERVED.
Sec. 5-12.
Permit Contents: Expiration: Removal After Expiration of Permit.
W Permit Contents. The Tree Removal permit. when issued. shall specifically identify
which Trees shall be permitted to be removed, The removal permits merely authorize
the removal of the Trees specified therein. Nothing in this Chapter shall be construed
to require the removal of such Trees by the permittee,
(Q} Permit Expiration. Any permit issued under this Chapter shall automatically expire
six (6) months after issuance. except for permits issued in coniunction with a building
permit which shall automatically expire six (6) months after issuance or at such time
the building permit expires. whichever is later.
ff2 Restrictions on Tree Removal After Permit Expiration. Trees not removed during the
life of the permit may not be removed without the issuance of a new permit based
upon a new application.
(ill Permit Display. The permit shall be located and maintained upon the site at all time.
Sec. 5-13.
Minimum Tree Requirement.
No certificate of occupancy shall be issued on the types of construction indicated below unless
- the underlying parcel has at least the required minimum number of approved Trees:
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 14 of 19
W Any new single-family or duplex dwelling unit on a lot ofless than 6.000 square feet
or greater: not fewer than two (2) Trees.
ill Any new single-family or duplex dwelling unit on a lot ofless than between 6.00 I and
10.000 square feet: not fewer than three (3) Trees.
!.9 Any single commerciaL industriaL multi-family or other structure requiring site plan
approval under the City land development regulations: no fewer than five (5) Trees
or approximately three (3) Trees per acre. which ever is greater.
Sec. 5-14.
Tree Protection During Development and Construction; Periodic
Inspection.
W Restrictions During Construction. It shall be unlawful for any Person. during the
construction of any structures or other improvements. to place solvents. paint or
masonry materials. construction machinery or temporary soil deposits within the
Dripline of any Tree for which a Tree Removal permit is required but has not been
obtained. This provision includes soil that is placed in the Dripline permanently for
the purpose of a grade change. unless the grade is changed according to the guidelines
described in the Florida Division of Forestry. Deoartment of Agriculture and
Consumer Services Publication, Tree Protection Manual for Buildings and
Developers.
ill Burden of Tree Protection on Property Owner. It shall be the responsibility of a
developer or applicant to ensure that any Tree shown on the Tree inventory for which
a Tree Removal permit has not been obtained is to be protected. The property owner
shall guarantee survival of retained trees and Replacement Trees for one (1) year from
completion of permitted construction. unless a greater time period is required by
development agreement. If a retained or replacement Tree dies during that time
period. the property owner shall replace the Tree in accordance with a remedial action
approved under & 5-17 of this Chapter.
!.9 Protective Barriers Required. Posts shall be used as Protective Barriers to the roots
and Trunk of every Tree on the parcel being developed. The posts shall be placed at
points not closer than one-half radius of the Dripline of the protected tree. unless the
structure has been permitted by the City to be erected within the Dripline of a Tree
with a wide canopy, Each section of the barrier shall be clearly visible (flagged with
brightly colored plastic tape or other markers). No attachments or wires other than
those with a protective or non-damaging nature shall be attached to any Tree.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 15 of 19
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@ Site Inspections. The City Forester may conduct periodic inspections of the site. It
is the responsibility of the applicant to ensure that all provisions of this Chapter are
met
Sec. 5-15.
Voluntary Tree Planting.
This Chapter shall not be interpreted to restrict. regulate or limit the voluntary planting of any
Tree within the City. The provisions of this Chapter govern only the planting of Trees which
are required to be planted or retained under this Chapter. No tree or plant shall be planted
within a City rights-of-way or easement without express permission from the City Forester.
Sec. 5-16.
Waivers and Appeals.
W Waivers. The City Commission may grant a waiver to provisions of this Chapter
where the applicant demonstrates that the literal interpretation of the ordinance will
deny the applicant reasonable use of the property or where such waiver can be
demonstrated to be consistent with the purpose and intent of the ordinance. The
preservation of any approved Tree over four (4) inches in caliper may be considered
as the basis for the granting of a waiver from the literal application of the provisions
of the City's land development regulations. It: in the determination of the City
Commission. the sole basis for the request for waiver is to preserve such Tree which
would otherwise have to be removed. it may direct any required waiver fee to be
waived.
(Q) Appeals, Any Person adversely affected by an administrative interpretation of this
Chapter may appeal that interpretation to the City Commission by filing a written
notice of appeal of said interpretation within thirty (30) days of said interpretation.
Failure to file an appeal within said time period shall result in the administrative
interpretation to be declared final. The City Commission shall decide said appeal
within thirty (30) days of the City's receipt of said notice of appeal and the City
Commission's decision shall be final.
Sec. 5-17.
Remedial Action.
W Violations Require Remedial Action. Where violations of this Chapter have occurred.
remedial action shall be taken to restore the property consistent with a restoration
plan approved by the City Forester. The restoration plan may require Tree
replacement at not more than a ratio of four to one (4: 1) and require mitigation of any
other damage to the property. as well as Tree replacements.
(Q) Replacement Formula. Each Tree destroyed or receiving maior damage during
construction must be replaced by either a comparable size and desirable tyPe of Tree
as listed within Appendix B or four (4) Replacement Trees before issuance of a
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 16 of 19
certificate of occupancy or certificate of completion. Undesirable Trees must be
replaced with a desirable species.
(8 Pro/Jerty Owner to Guarantee Survival of Replaced Trees. The property owner shall
guarantee the survival of the Trees required to be placed under Subsection (b) above
for a period of two (2) years from the date the certificate of occupancy or certificate
of completion is issued. unless a greater time period is required by development
agreement. If the replacement Tree dies. the Tree shall be replaced in accordance
with this section,
Sec. 5-18.
Enforcement~ Penalties.
W Enforcement. The City may enforce the provisions of this Chapter by any lawful
means incIudin~. but not limited to. issuing a civil citation. bringing charges before the
City's Code Enforcement Board or special master. and seeking iniunctive and
equitable relief
ilil Penalties. In addition to all other remedies set forth in this Chapter. the following
civil fines shall apply to violations of this Chapter:
ill
Failure to obtain a permit. . .
Fine not to exceed $5.000.00
ill
Removal of a Tree without a permit. . .
Fine not to exceed $5.000.00 per
Tree.
ill
Any other violation of this Chapter. . .
Fine as provided by law.
(8 Civil Fine Determination. In determining the amount of the civil fine. the following
factors shall be considered:
ill The gravitv of the violation.
ill Any actions taken by the violator to correct the violation.
ill Any previous violations of this Chapter committed by the violator.
ill The number and size of the Trees removed.
ill The historical significance of the Tree removed if the Tree was deemed
Historic.
(Q} Whether the violation is irreparable or irreversible in nature.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 17 of 19
ill
The remedial actions offered by the violator to restore the prooertv consistent
with his Chapter.
Sec. 5-19.
Authorization to Adopt Rules and Regulations and Fees for
1m plementation.
The City Commission is hereby authorized to adopt. by resolution. such rules and regulations
and fees as are necessary or proper to implement this Chapter.
Section 3. Repeal of Prior Inconsistent Ordinances and Resolutions. All prior
inconsistent ordinances and resolutions adopted by the City Commission, or parts of prior ordinances
and resolutions in conflict herewith, are hereby repealed to the extent of the conflict
Section 4. Incorporation Into Code, This ordinance shall be incorporated into the
Winter Springs City Code and any section or paragraph number or letter and any heading may be
changed or modified as necessary to effectuate the foregoing.
Section 5. Severability. If any section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase, word or
provision of this ordinance is for any reason held invalid or unconstitutional by any court of
competent jurisdiction, whether for substantive, procedural, or any other reason, such portion shall
be deemed a separate, distinct and independent provision, and such holding shall not affect the validity
of the remaining portions of this ordinance.
Section 6. Effective Date, This Ordinance shall become effective immediately upon
adoption by the City Commission of the City of Winter Springs, Florida.
ADOPTED by the City Commission of the City of Winter Springs, Florida, in a regular
meeting assembled on the ~ day of April 2002. , \' " \ \ \
\,
PAULP. PARTyRA :.
, . \ '
Mayor 'I :",,', .
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City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 18 of 19
Approved as to legal form and sufficiency for
th;n;::
Anthony A. Garganese, City Attorney
First Reading: March 11, 2002
S d R d' March 25, 2002
econ ea mg:
Third Reading and Adoption: April 8, 2002
Effective Date: April 8, 2002
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Page 19 of 19
-'-. - ._~...-..:...~~...
-....-.....:..c.l..:.;....
PART If CODE OF O==1DINANCES
C~a:):er 5 ARBOR.
.----
-'''-.-
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.,
D
~
EXHIBIT
A_
Chapter 5 ARBOR-
.Editor's note--Ord. No, 711,9 I, adopted March 22, 1999, substantially amended former Ch. 5 to
read as herein set out. Former Ch. 5, 99 5-1-5-5, pertained to the same subject matter and derived
from Ord. No. 451, 9 1, adopted March 27, 1987.
Cross reference(s)--Code enforcement board to enforce certain ordinances of the city, 9 2-56 et seq.;
beautification board, 9 2-76 et seq,; buildings and building regulations, Ch. 6; flood damage >>revention,
Ch. 8; land development, Ch, 9; motor vehicles and traffic. Ch. 12; nuisances, Ch. 13; planning, Ch. 15;
signs and advertising,Ch, 16; streets, sideY<alks.~q other public places, C,l1.,J 7; zoning, Ch. 20.
~a....
Sec. 5-1. Intent and purpose: applicability; definitions,
(a) Intent and purpose, These arboreal standards of the city declare the tangible and intangible
value of trees and plants to the citizens and the community, in that they playa vital role in the
natural ecosystem of the city, benefiting the air, water, soil, wildlife and other vegetation of the
Ifenvironment, and in that greenery as well contributes to the aesthetic aspects of life. Therefore,
. precedent to any activity which requires alteration of the natural vegetation on the land, an
application shall be presented to the city for review of the extent and necessity of removal or
destruction of trees. No activity shall proceed until a permit has been acquired from the appropriate
city office, as prescribed hereinafter in this chapter. All activity undertaken without such permit shall
cease and desist immediately upon issuance of notice by the city.
[jf (b) Scope of applicability. The regulations enacted hereinafter shall apply to all real property
; within the city limits.
[j](c) Definitions. As used in this chapter, the words and phrases listed below shall construed
: according to the meaning specified herein:
(1) Bona fide logging operation: The good-faith operation of the business of felling trees of
merchantable size for lumber, cutting them into suitable-length logs and hauling such logs to
some point for transportation to andlor manufacture at 'sawmills and markets.
(2) Buildable area: That portion. of a site within the yard area on which a structure or
improvement. including driveways and parking lots may be erected.
~...
(3) Caliper: Measurement of treeeight (8) (inches) from'sc1iHe\tel.
(4) City forest: The aggr.egate of all street trees and all park trees.
(5) Crown: The mass of branches, twigs and leaves at the top of a tree, with particular
reference to its shape.
i~... :.
(6) o'B.H.: Diameter at breast height. (approximately four and one-half (41/2) feet from
ground at tree base).
(7) Drip line: The vertical line running through the outermost portion of the tree crown
extendi.'1g to the ground.
(8) Encroachment: T;,e ;Jrotrusion into a vehicular accessway. pedestrair.-way. or rec;uired
lancsc2;Je area.
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(9) Gr~~n area: Any portion of the site which is planted and maintained in grass. shrubs a;"}d
trees or {";";aintained as a natural drainage area (exclusive of concrete or asphalt or other
paving ~a:eria/),
(iO) Landscaping: Landscaping shall consist of. but not!Je limitec to. grass. ground COv~r5.
shr~bs. '/i:-:es. hedges. trees. berms, and complementary structural landscape architectur2/
feat:.Jres. Such as rock. fountains, sculpture, decorative walls and tree welis.
(11) !..ancfscaped dividing strips: Landscaped areas containing ground cover, shrubs, and
trees, or other landscaping used to partition parking areas into individual parking bays.
(12) Park trees: Trees, shrubs, bushes and all other woody vegetation in public parks and al/
open areas owned by the city or to which the public has free access,
(13) Parking areas: Any area. excluding public right..of-way. used for the purpose of driving.
maneuvering, parking, storing, or display of motor vehicles, boats, trailers, mobile homes. and
recreational vehicles including new and used automobile lots, other parking lot uses, and
paved outdoor sales areas.
. (14) Parking spaces: A parking area _.used for the temporary, storage of a single vehicle to
serve a primary use;' groups of space's' and the abutting acce~~y are called parking lots.
(15) Shrubs: A seif-supporting woody species of plants characterized by persistent stems
and branches springing tram the base.
(16) Single-family lot: An area at land developed for and restricted to a single-family
residence.
(17) Specimen trees: Trees of significant size. type. age or historical value. (to be
determined by the city forester).
(18) Street trees: Trees, shrubs. bushes. and all other woody vegetation on land lying
between property lines on either side at all streets, avenues, or ways within the city,
(19) Tree: Any living. self-supporting perennial plant which has a trunk diameter of at least
four (4) inches measured at caliper and normally grows to a minimum overall crown height at
fifteen (1 5) teet.
(20) Trees planted for harvest: All trees which have been planted, or shall be planted. with
the bona fide intention at the time ot such planting to be commercially harvested in the future.
Said trees shall include. by way of illustration. but are not limited to Christmas trees, slash
pines. and pulpwood.
(Ord. No. 711, I. 3-22-99; Ord. No. 726. 9 6-28-99)
Sec. 5-2. City forestry office.
. '(a) Establishment of office. Thera:: rs hereby created ~ithin the department of community
jf development. the office of city forestry. The community develop'ni-ent director shall head this office
. and shall appoint one (1) or more employees of the department to act in the capacity of forester for
Winter Springs.
~(b) Scope of authority. The city forester shall be charged with the responsibility and authority to
review and oversee all activities within the city limits which cause removal of or create danger to
any trees.
~(c) Responsibilities. The role of the city forester shall be dual:
(1) To preclude removal of trees on private property prior to review and approval of
development proposals.
l2} To a-"';<;l.1ent t~e city forest by the planting or approval of plantin<; of additional trees or
public ~roper.'f.
(Ore No. 711. S I. 3-22-99)
_: iOtOI I !:29 A.\I
. . ".'..~.._l."':.';:r,.,",, ':".::~"4~i;'......:....'... :............. ~.........'~k.....:..
Sec. 5-3, Regulations applicable to privately held property.
:ilea) Per,-;;it to alter natura/landscape. Application for a permit to dis:ur:, natural vegetation or aller
existins to:Josraphy shall ~e submitted prior to the following activities:
(1) .::..;ttinS down. rer:1oving. or damaging trees tJefore. during or after construction.
(2) Land-clearing, land-removing, or land-filling operations, including propulsion of a
bulldozer, pay1oader, front-end loader, backhoe, dragline, power shovel, road grader, dump
truck. dredge, fill spreader, or other heavy duty equipment. None of the preceding activities
shall proceed until the city forester has reviewed the proposal and issued a permit prescribing
the ex:ent of operations being approved and the replacement trees specified.
(b) Scope of review. The permit application shall be supported by drawings, plans or
:ifPhotograp~s as necessary to depict the present nature of the land, the proposed alteration, and the
; objectives that may justify the removal of trees, alteration of the existing topography, and/or the
disruption of the natural vegetation. These submittals shall include all the following information
pertinent to the stage of development und~r review.
.. a.. -. ,
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(1) Proposed location of streets, parking areas, utility or d~nage structures, buildings, and
any other physical improvements anticipated:
(2) Specific location of all specimen trees within these areas to be removed along with their
botanical names and current sizes:
(3) Proposed grade changes of more than one (1) foot depth:
(4) Proposed protective barriers to preclude damage to uninvolved trees,
(5) A tree survey of all trees four (4) inches or more in caliper.
:11 (c) Permit to be specific as to stage 01 development. The city forester shall review the
' above-prescribed submittals and act upon the request either independently or as and agent of a
staff-wide review, depending on the development stage of a project:
(1) Predevelopment stage. The city forester may review and issue permits for land alteration
incident to surveying, soils investigations, and preparation of initial development plans.
(2) Prelimina'Y plan/preliminary engineering. The forester shciil ad as an advisor to the city
staff in reviewing preliminary development/engineering plans and recommending the extent of
land clearing to be authorized. The city forester shall subsequently issue a permit prescribing
the alteration of preliminary developmenVengineering plans.
(3) Final engineering stage. The city forester shall consider requests for additional tree
removal coincident with final engineering plan review only when a developer shall show that
unexpected or unanticipated factors preclude any reasonable alternative solution than
destruction of additional trees..J'1're city commission ":lust sanction these requests along with
final engineering approval before the city forester may isst1e' an additional permit for additional
tree removal.
(4) S;re plan. The city forester shall act as a advisor to the site plan review board during its
review of plans of commercial or multi-family site development proposals. A permit which
specifies exactly which specimens or stands of trees may be removed to develop a site must
be acquired before any modification of a site may take place.
:If(d) General criteria for issuance 01 permits to remove trees. Trees may be authorized for removal
-; only if they fit into one of the following categories: the validity of the status of a tree as eligible for
removal shall be verified on site by the city forester prior to issuance of a permit for removal:
(1) Trees located on building and construction sites as shown on approved plans may be
re;:>lacec elsewhere on the property or mitigated by a monetary repiacement to oe determined
tly troe C;(y fores:er of the current wholesale cost of the tree being re~oved which shall ~e usee
for er.r.a:1cement and maintenance of trees located or. public lanes,
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(2) Trees within ten (10) feet of a proposed or an existing structure or other improveme':"lt.
:.~2: restrict constr!.:ction may be replaced elsewhere on the property or mitigated by a
r.:onetary replacer.:ent to ~e determined by the city forester of the current wholesale cost of the
:~=e :>eing removec '",hich so~all oe usee for enhancement and maintenance of trees located on
.::J~:>lic lanes.
(3;. Trees severely diseased, injured or eead:
(~) Trees that interfere with provision of above ground utility installations and which will be
re;Jlaced elsewhere on the property:
(5) Trees that have been approved by the city forester to be replaced elsewhere on the
property,
(5) Trees that appear on the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's List of Invasive Plants, Class
'-
::If (e) Public removal 01 trees on pdvate property. Only under the following circumstances may city
employees prune or remo--:e trees growir:,1g ,OCl ~rivate property:
- '.
- '.
(1) Any dead or damaged, or diseased tree which. constitutes a hazard to life and property
shall be removed by the property owner upon justification and notification by the city forester.
The property owner must have the tree removed within fifteen (15j days or show just cause
why it has not been removed. If no action is taken within fifteen (15) days of notice, city
employees may remove such trees and bill t.'1e property owner. Unpaid bills shall become a
lien upon the property.
(2) Tree limbs and Shrubs overhanging public rights-of-way if such branches obstruct the
light from any streetlight or obstruct the view of any street intersection creating a hazard to
vehicular or pedestrian traffic. (All limbs will be removed following standard arboricultural
stancards, )
(Ord, No, 711, 9 I, 3-22-99; Ord, No. 711, 99 2, 3, 6-28-99; Ord. No. 734, 9 1; 9-27-99)
Sec. 5-4. Official green plan for public property.
If(a) Initial plan. The city forester under the guidance of the d!rector of community development,
: shall develop an official Winter Springs 'Green P'lan 'which provides to the city commission the
following information:
(1) Documentation on the current nature of the city forester consisting of parks,
rights-of-way, easements and public faCilities;
(2) Proposals for the care, preservation, replacement, and planting of new trees and plants
on city land; ,
""....
(3) Projected budgetary data forett least the subsequent fiv.e.(5).years.
(!:l) Annual report. Each year the city forester shall submit to the city manager through the
ill community development direttor a written report on the progress toward implementation of the
: green plan. including suggestions for additions and revisions to the plan. When ratified by the city
commission, these modifications shall become incorporated into the official plan.
:II (c) Intedm reports. Whenever requested by the city manager, the city forester shall investigate or
analyze a site or concern and file a report of findings on the matter.
:IF (d) Implementation 01 city green plan. The city forester shall cause the official green plan to be
I implemented to adhere to the following guidelines:
(1) Street tree species to be planted, No street trees shall be planted without written
permISSion of the city forester,
(2) Spacing. Trees shall 6e spaced the optir.1um distance for each species.
: :')I)[ !1::!9.-\~1
(3) Distance from curb and sidewalk. Trees and shrubs shall be plan:ee so as to allow
;lroper visibility aile to avoid root damage to curbs ane sideW2lks.
(~) Distance from street comers and fireplugs, No street tree shall be plan:ed closer than
twenty (20) feet to any street corner. measurec from the point of the nearest intersecting Curb
or cCJrtl/ine, No street tree shall be planted within ten (10) feet of any fireplug.
(5) Prcximity of street trees to utilities. No street trees shall be planted under or within ten
(10) linear feet of any overhead utility wire. or within five (5) linear feet of any underground
water line. sewer line, transmission line or other utility installation. No trees shall be planted in
the city rights-of-way without the written approval of the city forester.
Maintenance of city trees:.
(1) Tree topping. It shall be unlawful for any person, to top any street tree, park tree or other
tree on public or private property without a permit from the city forester. Topping is defined as
the severe cutting back of limbs within the tree's crown to prevent normal growth to such a
degree so as to remove the normal canopy and disfigure the tree.
(2) Damaged trees. Trees damaged- by natural causes and uees under utility wires or other
obstructions where other pruning practices are impractical ~y be topped with approval of the
city forester.
(3) Tree sculpturing. Trees in commercial areas may be topped only when topping is part of
a landscaping plan, design or program to sculpt trees to accommodate a desired design or
design theme.
jf(f) Interference with city forester. It shall be unlawful for any person to prevent, delay, or interfere
: with the city forester or any designated agents while engaging in and about the planting, cultivating,
mulc.',ing, pruning, spraying, or removing of any street tree or park tree.
;~(e)
(Ord, No, 711, 9 I, 3-22-99; Ord. No. 726, 94,6-28-99)
Sec. 5-5. Enforcement.
(a) Assessment. Failure to comply with the reforestations standards may result in Charges being
ljfbrought against the individual or company violating the arboreal provisions and requiring a hearing
: before the code enforcement- board which has the power to levy fines up to twc'-hun-dred fifty dollars
(5250.00) a day per. violation, as set forth in section 2-60 of the,Winter Springs City Code of
Ordinances, The City of Winter Springs may seek injunctive or other legal relief as offered by law.
(b) Reforestation. Any person violating any of the arboreal provision set forth herein shall be
,.required to appear before the city forester which shall be empowered to specify the number and
- types and sizes of trees to be pianted by the individual to compensate the public for the loss of
existing trees. The guidelines in sub'section (c) below shall apply to the reforestation of land illegally
cleared: ~ _
:J1(C) Reforestation point standa;ds~ . ..." .
(1) Minimum points required per acre. The minimum number of tree points required in each
zoning category per acre of land (excluding areas deeicated for rights-of-way for streets) are
as follows:
a. Residential (including residential PUO)- Twenty-five (25) points per acre.
b. Neighborhood commercial districts (including commercial PUD)-- Twenty (20)
points per acre.
c. General commercial and industrial districts (including industrial PUO )--Fifteen (15)
points per acre.
(2) Tree point s:ancarcs:
Number of Points
j 31) f) ( I! :19 _~"(
a, Specimen tree (2S designated by city forester) :', . 5
::. large tree (.10 feet high or 35-foot crown) . . . 5
c, Medium tree (j a feet high or T 2-foot crown) , , . 2"
C Smallinonjuvenile :ree (8 feet high and 2-inch caliper) . . ,
e. Smallijuvenile (8 feet high and 1-inch caliper).. ,0.75
f. Native shrubs material, . . 0.1
'Plus five tenths (0.5) point for each five (5) feet of additional height after
twenty (20) feet.
(3) Bonus points, Bonuses may be awarded for native species in addition to the tree paints
listed above:
a. Specimen tree, . . NA
b, Large tree: . . 1.0
c. Medium tree. . :0.5
., .... ,
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d. Smalllnonjuvenile tree . . . 0.25
e. Smallljuvenile tree. . . 0.1
(4) Minimum number of small, medium, and large trees. A minimum of fifteen (15) percent
of the number of trees counted toward these tree point standards must come from each of the
three (3) size categories of small, medium, and large. To determine the number of trees which
will be needed to meet this fifteen (15) percent requirement, the fallowing rules of thumb may
be used:
a. Determine the total points on the site as follows:
T = Number of acres X Points required per acre
b, Determine the minimum number of medium or large trees needed for fifteen (15)
percent requirement as follows:
Minimum Number = T X 9 percent
c. To minimize the number of new small trees to be planted retain the following
number of medium plus large trees:
Medium + large Number To~al = T X 30 percent
(5) . ~l plant material must be prqptrfy planted and protected from construction damage to
be ehgrble for tree points. _ _ . . "" '. . "
(Orc. No, 711, 9 1.3-22-99)
;-
3 }ti.,: :; ::9 .\~f
Common Name
Acacia
Australian Pine
Australian Pines
Australian Pine
Benjamin Fig
Bishopwood
Bo Tree
Brazilian Pepper, Florida Holly
Brazillian Pepper Tree
Cajeput or Punk Tree
Cama Eucalyptus
Camphor
Carrotwood
Castor Bean
CatcIaw Mimosa
Chinaberry
Chinaberry
Chinese Tallow Tree
Chinese Tallow
Chinese Tallow, popcorn tree
Cork Free
Cuban Laurel
Devil Tree
Downy Rosemyrtle
Ear Tree
Ear Pod Tree
Earleaf Acacia
False Banyan
Florida Holly or Brazilian Pepper
Golden Shower Tree
HydriIIa
Jacaranda
Java Plum
Laurel Fig
Lead Tree
Melaleuca, Paper Tree
Mimosa
Monkey Puzzle
Murray Red Gum
Orchid Tree
Paper Mulberry
Punk Tree
Rice Paper Plant
APPENDIX A
UNDESIRABLE TREES
Scientific Name
Acacia Spp.
Casuarina Species
All Casuarina Species
Casuarina Equisetifolia
Ficus Benjamina
Bischofia Javanica
Ficus Religiosa
Schinus Terebinthifolius
Schinus Terebinthifolius
Melaleuca Species
Eucalyptus Camuldulensis
Cinnamonum Camphora
Cupianopsis Anacardioides
Ricinus Communis
Mimosa Pigra
Melia Azedarch
Melia Azedarach
Sapium Sebiferum
Sapium Sebiferum
Sapium Sebiferum
Thespesia Populnea
Ficus Retusa
Alstonia Macrophylla
Rhodomyrtus Tomentosus
Entelobium Contortisliquum
Enterolobium Contortisliquum
Acacia Auriculiformis
Ficus AItissima
Schhinus Terebinthifolius
Koelreuteria Elegans
Hydrilla VerticiIIata
Jacaranda Acutifolia
Syzygium Cumini
Ficus Microcarpa
Leucaena Species
Melaleuca Quinquenervia
Albizzia Julibrissin
Eucalyptus spp.
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis
Bauhinia Variegata
Broussonetia Papyrifera
Malaeuca Leucadendron
Tetrapanax Papyriferus
Page I of 2
Common Name
Scientific Name
Rose Apple
Rosewood
ScheffIera
Silk Oak
Silk Oak
Suckering Australian Pine
Surinam Cherry
Taro
Tropical Soda Apple
Tropical Almond
Tung Oil Tree
Water Hyacinth
Wedelia
Weeping Fig
Woman's Tongue
Syzygium Jambos
Dalbergia Sissoo
ScheffIera Actinophylla
Grevillea Robusta
Grevillea Robusta
Casuarina Glauca
Eugenia Uniflora
Colocasia Esculenta
Solanum Viarum
Terminalia Catappa
Aleurites Fordii
Eichhornia Spp.
Wedelia Trilobata
Ficus Benjamina
Albizia Lebbeck
F:\DOCSlCity or Winter Springs\Ordlnances\Arbor Tree Protection Appendix A.jd
Page 2 of 2
Common
American Elm
American Holly
American Holly
Bald Cypress
Beautyberry
Bougainvillea
Box Elder
Buttonbush
Cabbage Palm
Cassia
Chapman Oak
Cherry Laurel
Chickasaw Plum
Chinese Elm (Drake)
Chinese Fan Palm
Coral Bean
Crape Myrtrie
Dahoon Holly
Devil's Walking Stick
Dwarf Yaupon
Elderberry
Elderberry
European Fan Palm
Flatwoods Plum
Flowering Dogwood
Fringe Tree
Green Ash
Hercules Club (Toothache Tree)
Hopombeam
Indian Hawthorn
Ironwood
Japanese Blueberry
Juniper
Juniper Torulosa
Laurel Oak
Live Oak
Loblolly Bay
Loblolly Pine
Longleaf Pine
Loquat, (Japanese Plum)
May Haw
Myrtle Oak
Needle Palm
Persimmon
APPENDIX B
DESIRABLE TREES
Genus
Ulmus
I.
LIex
Taxodium
CaIicarpa
Bougainvillea
A.
Cephlanthus
Sabal
Senna
Q.
Prunus
Prunus
U.
Livistona
Erythrina
Lagerstroemia
LIex
Aralia
I.
Sambucus
Sambucus
Chamaerops
Prunus
Comus
Chioanthus
Fraxinus
Zanthoxylum
Ostrya
Rapheolepis
Carpinus
Eleaocarpus
Juniperus
J.
Q.
Qyercus
Gordonia
P.
P.
Eriobotrya
Crataegus
Q.
Rhapidophyllum
Diospyros
Species
Notes
Americana
Opaca
Glabra
Distichum
Americana
D
D
Negundo
Occidental is
Palmetto
Bicapsularis
Chapmanii Evergreen
Caroliniana
AngustifoIia
Parviflora D
Chinensis
Herbacea
Indica
Cassine
Spinosa D, AraIiaceae (ginseng family)
Vomitoria ScheIIings
Canadensis E
Canadensis
Hurnilis
Umbellata
Florida D, Showy white spring flowers
Virginicus
Pennsylvanica D
Clava-Herculis D
Virginiana
Indica
Caroliniana D, wet
Decipiens
Spp.
Torulosa
LaurifoIia E
Virginiana E
Lasianthus E
Taem E
Palustris E
Japonica E
Aestivalus
Myrtifolia E
Hystrix
Virginiana D
Page I of 3
Common Genus Species Notes
Pignut Hickory Carya Glabra
Pindo Palm Butia Capitata
Pipestem Agarista Populifolia
Pittosporum Pittosporum Tobira
Podocarpus, Yew P. Macrophyllus
Podocarpus, Nagi Podcarpus Nagi
Pond Pine P. Scrotina E
Pond Cypress T. Ascendens D
Privet, Chinese Ligustrum Sinense
Privet, Japanese Ligustrum Japonicum
Privet, Florida Forestiera Segregata
Red Bay Persea Borbonia
Red Mulberry Morus Rubra
Red Buckeye Aesculus Pavia
Red Bud Celtis Canadcnsis
Red Maple Acer Rubrum D
River Birch Betula Nigra
Rusty Lyonia Lyonia Ferruginea
Salt Mytrle Baccaharis Halirnifolia
Sand Pine P. Clausa E
Saw Palmeto Serenoa Repens
Scrub Oak Q. Geminata E
Shiny Lyonia L. lucida
Shumard (red) Q. Shumardii D
Silver Maple A. Saccharinum
Silverthorn Elaegnus Pungens
Simpson Stopper Myrcianthes Fragrans E, aka Naked Wood
Slash Pine Pinus Elliottii E
Snowbells Styrax Americana
Southern Red Cedar Junipcrus Virginiana E, var. silicicola
Southern Magnolia Magnolia Grandiflora E
Sparkleberry Vaccinium Arboreum
Sugarberry Celtis Laveigata
Swamp Black Gum Nyssa Sylvatica
Swamp Dogwood C. Focmina
Swamp Bay P. PaIustris
Sweet Acacia Acacia Famesiana
Sweet Gum Liquidambar Styraciflua D
Sweet Acacia Acacia Farnesiana
Sweetbay Magnolia M. Vi rginiana E
Sycamore Platanus Occidentalis D
Titi Cyrilla Racemiflora
Tough Bumelia Bumelia Tenax
- Tulip Poplar Liriodendron Tulipfera
Turkey Oak Q. Laevis Deciduous
Viburnum, WaIter's V. Obovatum
Viburnum, Sandanka Viburnum Suspensum
Viburnum, Sweet V. Odoratissimum
Page 2 of 3
Common Genus Species Notes
Virginia Willow Itea Virginica
Washington Palm Washingtonia Robusta
Water Oak Q. Nigra E
Water Ash F. Caroliniana D
Water Hickory Carya Aquatica
Wax Myrtle Myrica Cerifera
Weeping Willow Salix Babylonica
Wild Olive Osmanthus Americana
Willow Salix Caroliniana
Willow Oak Q. Phellos D
Winged Elm U. Alata
Yellow Haw Crataegus Flava
Yellow Anise Illicium Parviflorum
F:\OOCS\City of Winter SpringslOrdinances\Arbor Tree Protection Appendix B.jd
Page 3 of 3
APPENDIX C
PREFERRED PLANT LIST
TREE OR LARGE CREDIT AVERAGE CREDIT NET
SHRUB NAME SIZE RATIO COST VALUE GAIN
Bauhinia galpinia 10 gal., 5' 2-1 $ 50.00 $ 200.00 $ 150.00
Butia-Pindo Palm 30 gal., 5' 3-1 $ 100.00 $ 300.00 $ 175.00
Camellia 25-30 gal., 5' 3-1 $ 145.00 $ 300.00 $ 155.00
Canary Island Date Palm 30 gal., 6' 3-1 $ 100.00 $ 300.00 $ 175.00
Cardinal Holly 25-30 gal., 6' 3-1 $ 125.00 $ 300.00 $ 175.00
Chickasaw Plum 25 gal., 6' 2-1 $ 95.00 $ 200.00 $ 105.00
Chinese Fan Palm. 30 gal., 5' 3-1 $ 100.00 $ 300.00 $ 175.00
Crataegus 15 gal., 6' 2-1 $ 50.00 $ 200.00 $ 150.00
Date Palm, P. dactylifera 30 gal., 4' 3-1 $ 100.00 $ 300.00 $ 175.00
European Fan Palm 30 gal., 4' 3-1 $ 150.00 $ 300.00 $ 175.00
Festive Holly 25-30 gal., 6' 3-1 $ 125.00 $ 300.00 $ 175.00
Flowering Dogwood 25-30 gal., 6' 3-1 $ 125.00 $ 300.00 $ 175.00
Fringe Tree 15 gal., 6' 2-1 $ 50.00 $ 200.00 $ 150.00
Grape Myrtle Standard 45 gal., 8-10' 5-1 $ 350.00 $ 500.00 $ 150.00
Japanese Blueberry 25-30 gal., 6' 3-1 $ 120.00 $ 300.00 $ 180.00
Lerapetalum Standard 15 gal., 5' 3-1 $ 100.00 $ 300.00 $ 200.00
Ligustrum Standard 45 gal., 8-10' 5-1 $ 300.00 $ 500.00 $ 200.00
Little Gem Magnolla 25-30 gal., 6' 3-1 $ 100.00 $ 300.00 $ 200.00
Loblolly Bay 25-30 gal., 8' 2-1 $ 90.00 $ 200.00 $ 110.00
Myrtle Oak 15 gal., 5' 2-1 $ 50.00 $ 200.00 $ 150.00
Needle Palm 25-30 gal., 5' 4-1 $ 200.00 $ 400.00 $ 200.00
Oakleaf Holly 25-30 gal., 6' 3-1 $ 125.00 $ 300.00 $ 175.00
Pygmy Data Palm, dbl. 30 gal., 4' 3-1 $ 125.00 $ 300.00 $ 175.00
Pygmy Date Palm, triple 30 gal., 4' 3-1 $ 150.00 $ 300.00 $ 150.00
Red Bud 25-30 gaL, 6' 3-1 $ 125.00 $ 300.00 $ 175.00
Red Buckeye 15 gal., 5' 2-1 $ 50.00 $ 200.00 $ 150.00
Robin Holly 25-30 gal., 6' 3-1 $ 125.00 $ 300.00 $ 175.00
Sago 30 gal., 3' 3-1 $ 150.00 $ 300.00 $ 150.00
Simpson Stopper 25-30 gal., 6' 2-1 $ 90.00 $ 200.00 $ 110.00
Spartan Juniper 25-30 gal., 6' 3-1 $ 115.00 $ 300.00 $ 185.00
Sweet/Tea Olive 15 gal., 6' 2-1 $ 50.00 $ 200.00 $ 150.00
Tabebuia 30 gal., 6' 2-1 $ 75.00 $ 200.00 $ 125.00
Torulosa Juniper 25-30 gaL, 6' 2-1 $ 90.00 $ 200.00 $ 110.00
Upright Yaupon Holly 15 gal., 6' 2-1 $ 90.00 $ 200.00 $ 110.00
Walter's Viburnum Standard 25-30 gal., 6' 3-1 $ 100.00 $ 300.00 $ 200.00
Weeping Yaupon Holly 25-30 gal., 8' 3-1 $ 100.00 $ 300.00 $ 200.00
Windmill Palm 30 gal., 6' 3-1 $ 150.00 $ 300.00 $ 150.00
Yaupon Holly Standard 25-30 gal., 6' 3-1 $ 100.00 $ 300.00 $ 200.00
Yaupon Holly Multi-trunk 25-30 gal., 6' 2-1 $ 90.00 $ 200.00 $ 110.00
Footnote:
I. Costs subject to change.
2. Credit ratio; for each preferred tree planted, credit may be applied toward the replacement requirement. (Example: For each Yaupon Holly at
25-30 gallon, 6' tall planted, a credit of2 trees will be applied toward those trees.)
Page I of 2
TREE OR LARGE CREDIT AVERAGE CREDIT NET
SHRUB NAME SIZE RATIO COST VALUE GAIN
Butia-Pindo Palm 65 gal., 8' 4-1 $ 200.00 $ 400.00 $ 200.00
Canary Island Date Palm 65 gal., 8' 5-1 $ 250.00 $ 500.00 $ 250.00
Chinese Fan Palm 65 gal., 6' 5-1 $ 250.00 $ 500.00 $ 250.00
Dahoon Holly 65 gal., lO'x4'x2' 5-1 $ 225.00 $ 500.00 $ 275.00
Date Palm, P. dactylifera 65 gal., 5' 5-1 $ 250.00 $ 500.00 $ 250.00
European Fan Palm 65 gal., 5' 5-1 $ 250.00 $ 500.00 $ 250.00
Little Gem Magnolia 65 gal., 8' 5-1 $ 250.00 $ 500.00 $ 250.00
Live Oak 65 gal., 14'x6'x3' 5-1 $ 300.00 $ 500.00 $ 200.00
Red Maple 65 gal., 12'x5'x2112 4-1 $ 225.00 $ 400.00 $ 175.00
Sago 65 gal., 4' 5-1 $ 250.00 $ 500.00 $ 250.00
Spartan Juniper 65 gal., 6' 5-1 $ 250.00 $ 500.00 $ 250.00
Torulosa Juniper 65 gal., 6' 5-1 $ 250.00 $ 500.00 $ 250.00
Windmill Palm 65 gal., 8' 5-1 $ 300.00 $ 500.00 $ 200.00
Winged Elm 65 gal., 12'x5'x2112 4-1 $ 225.00 $ 400.00 $ 175.00
F:\QOCS\City of Winter SpringslOrdinances\Arbor Tree Protection Appendix C.jd
Footnote:
I. Costs subject to change.
2. Credit ratio; for each preferred tree planted, credit may be applied toward the replacement requirement. (Example: For each Yaupon Holly at
25-30 gallon, 6' tall planted, a credit of2 trees will be applied toward those trees.)
Page 2 of 2
"-. -.-.. _...._..._.~._-------..- "'-'---'- .--.-.--
APPENDIX D
CALCULATING TREE PROTECTION ZONE
The following guidelines shall be applied to determine the Tree Protection Zone:
1. Evaluate the species tolerance of the tree: good, moderate, or poor (See list on next page)
2. Identify tree age: young (< 20% of the trees life expectancy), mature (20% - 80 % of the trees
life expectancy), or overmature (>80% of the trees life expectancy)
3. Using the table below, find the distance from the trunk that should be protected per inch of
trunk diameter.
4. Multiply the distance by the trunk diameter to calculate the optimum radius (in feet) for the
tree protection zone.
Example:
A healthy 60- year old, 30" diameter California black walnut (poor tolerance, mature age)
1.25' x 30" = 37.5'radius tree protection zone.
Species Tolerance
Tree Age
Distance from trunk
feet (per inch trunk diameter)
Good Young OS
Mature 0.75'
Overmature 1.0'
Moderate Young 0.75'
Mature 1.0'
Overmature 1.25'
Poor Young 1.0'
Mature 1.25'
Overmature 1.5'
Source: Trees and Development, a Technical Guide to Preservation of Trees During Land
Development, Nelda Matheny and James Clark, 1998, International Society of Arboriculture,
Champaign, II.
I
Rdative
Common name SdmWlc name tolerance 1 Comments Soutce
.-
Balsam fir Abks balsam(Q Good Tolerant ot root loss and saturated salls, Hightshoe
White fir Abks cOnallor Moderate ToleJ'ant at root loss. Intolerant ot saturated and high salt salls. Day, Hightshoe
Acacia Acacia spp. Poor (ntolerant of root Inlury, ~(,'lheny & CIM!.:
Florida maple ""Ct:T barbatwn Moderate Intolerant of mechanical injury (poor compartmentalization).
Response .constralned by soli aeration and watee avaJlabllity. 'Coder
Vine maple Aca ciTrinatum Good Best retained as dumps. Peepre
Chalk maple A,a /tucodcnnl! Poor Response is site dependent. Coder
Blgleaf maple ACZ!r macrophyl/w1f Good Select specimens With good crown structure.
Tolerant Qf root prunIng and Injury but not of fill. Beck
Blgleaf maple Aar ma.aophyl/um Poor Declines following addition oJ fill. Dunster
Box elder. AUT nqundo Good Tolerant of root loss and saturated soUs. May tolerate Some fill. Codel, Hlghtshoe. Sydnor
Select superior Individuals for preserv~Hon.
Striped z:naple Aar pmsylvanlt:um Moderate Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentalization). Coder
UrnJted tolerance to miaoc1lrn.ale change. Tolerance greatest
WithJn naHve range.
Norway maple AUT p/atnnol~s Moderate-good Moderately tolerant of root pruning. S. Clark, Fraedrich
S}"Camore maple Ace- p~platanus Moderate GlI~rt
Red maple Act:T rubrum Moderate.good Response probably associated with geogtaphlc location. Coder, Fraedrlch. Hightshoe
Tolerant of root pruning and saturated soll~
Silver maple Am ~ccJltrrinum Poor-moderate Ukely to $)owly die back follOWing root inJury (Day). Coder, Da)',
May. tolerate some root prunIng (Praedrkh) or loss (Hlghtshoe). naedrlch, Hlghbhoe, Sydnor
Some tolerance tor crown reduction pruning, fill soils and
saturated soll1. Response variable within species (Coder)
Sugar maple Act/' saahorum Poor-moderate Tolerant of root loss. lnlolerant ot saturated and flU soils. S. Clark, Highlshoe. Sydnor
' ,
Mounlain maple ACt,. spiCiltum Madera te Intolerant of mechanicallnlury (poor comparbnentallzatlon), Coder
limited tolerance to microclimate change. Tolerance greatest
within native range.
California buckeye Ms'ulus caUfomic4 Good ; Mathen)' &. Clark
Red horse.chestnut AtscuJus x CtI171etJ Good Shows good resistance to "contractor pressUles." Gilbert
Yellow buckeye AesruJus (lava Poor lntolerant of mechanlcaJ Injur)' (poor compartmentalization). Coder ;
Response constraIned by soil aeration and water availability. I
I
Ohio buckeye Atsculus gll/bra Poor IntermedIate tolerance to root loss and saturated solis. Hightshoe, Sydnor \
Poor acclimation response. Tolerant o( some fill.
,
Red buckeye Atscu1us pavia Moderate Intolerant of ~echanlcallnJury (poor compartmentalization). Codet I
nee of heaven Ailanthus altlsslma Good Tolerant of root prunlng. Generally good acdlmation Day, Fraedrich, Sydnor
response EoUowing dLsturbance. I
I
lAssigned ell her by source or by Matheny and Cark.
'~
./ Relative
i
Common name Scientific name tolerance 1
-......-. .--
.-\klm A/Illu spp. Good
Red illder A/tills ntbrn Poor.moderate
Hazel alder A/ulls JaTulatn Good
Sen'iccberrr Amtlcmc1ri(T spp. Good
Do\\'nr servIceberry AmeJnl/chia arborta Modera te
()evj ('s., \'a I klngstlck Arnlin spinosa Moderate
Madrone Arb/ltus mmzitJi/ Poor
POl",!>il\\, Asimil/n17i1ooo Good
[aSlern uilccharis Bncc1urris fmlimifvlin Good
Birch Bttuln spp. Poor.moderate
Yellow birch Belllla (Il1l!glrCII~imsis Moderate
SWt'l't bi rch Brlll/l1/mln Moderate
River birch Btlllln 1/igra Modera te.good
Paper birch BttJlln JXIpyriftm Poor-moderate
Gray bIrch Bell/In pop"fi{olia Moderate.good
Gum bumella B/lm~Ii(l IrmllgillOSl1 Moderate
(lud';l horn h\lm~lIil RIIIII('/irr ',I'doirlr.t ModerClte
,
Incense cedar C n I cx:erln is rlrl.1lTre IlJ Moderate
Blue beech; Cnrpil/llJ (araUl/iclI/a Moderate
hornbeam
llwigned either by Soun:e.or by Matheny and aark.
/
Comments
Show conslderoble resJstance to "contractor pressures."
Retain only in groups or as Individuals with .strong taper
and structure. RelaUvely short.lived, Intolerant to root Injury.
Intermediate tolerance to loot loss. Tolerant of saturated solls.
Generally good acclfmation response to site change.
Intolerant of mechan1callnJury (poor compartmentalization).
Response constrained by soU aeration and water avaUabllJty.
Intolerant of mechan1callnlury (poor compartmentalization).
Intolerant of site dlstwbance.
Intolerant of root pruning. Mature crees particularly sensitive
to development Impacts.
Intolerant of mechanical injury (poor compartmentalization).
UmIted tolerance to microclimate change. Tolerance greatest within
native range. Response vanes due to soil and water avallablUty.
Intermediate tolerance to root loss. Intolerant of saturated soils.
Intolerant of medtanlcallnlury. Llmlted tolerance to mlcrocUmate
change.Tolerance greatest within native range.
Variable tolerance of root loss and saturated soUs.
Tolerant of minor amounts of flU.
In,tolerant of construction impactsoutslc;Ie of native range;
m~derate withIn. Prone to sunscald. Low tolerance to root injury.
. Bronze birch borer much more severe under stress. Best retalned
In groups or as select IndMduals.
Tolerant of construction lrnpacts within native range; moderate
r~ponse outsIde. Construction Jmpacts/JnJury Increases
susceptiblUty to bronze blrch borer.
IntoleJant of mechanlcaJ lnJury (poor compartmentalization).
Re~pon,se constTalned by soU aeraUon and water availability.
Inlolerant of mechanical injury (poor compartmentaliz.'ltlon).
Response constrained by soU aerC\t1on Cl.Ild water availability.
IntoJerant of loot loss and saturated soUs. Susceptible to two-tined
chestnut borer, partfcuJculy under condltions oC environmental
SfT'ess. llmlted tolerance to climatic change. Tolerance greatest
within native lange.
Source
Gilbert
Beck, Dunster, Peepre
Coder
Hlghtshoe, Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Matheny & Clark
Coder
Coder
Gllberl, Fraedrich
Coder
Coder, Hlgh~hoe
S. Clark, Coder,
High~hoe, Sydnor
S. Clark. Day,
Pee pre, Sydnor
S. Clark, Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Matheny & Clark
Coder, Hlghtshoe,
Sydnor
".
i
i
\
t
i
I
t.
!
of
~
!
~
.,f
I
.'
iO
,
,
Common name Sclentific name
Water hickory
Bitternut hickory
Bitternut hickory.
Pignut hickory
p~
Shagbark hkkor>'
Carya aquatica
Caryn confi{urmis
Carra cordiform is
COT}Ugtabro
Carya iflinoensU
Cal}U omia
Shagbark hlckory Carya ovata
Sand hickory Carya pallina
Mockernut hickory Ctuya tom~tosa
Mockernut hickory Ca/ya tomentosa
Plorlda chinkapln CcrstanM (llnlfolia
Allegheny chInkapln CastanCll pumila
Ca~pa Catalpa ~pp.
Southern catalpa Catalpa bignonloida
Northern catalpa Catalpa speciosa
Deodar cedar
Cedrus deodara
Sugatbetry Celtis laevigata
Georgia hackberry Celtis ~nuifolia
Hackberry
Celtis occidmtaUs
Conunon buttonbush Cephalanthu.f
ocddentalls
lUbura-tree Caddlphyllum
japoniaIm
Redbud
Alaska yelIow.cedar
False cypress
Frlngetlee
Cercis CQnadmsls
Chnma<<yparU
nootka~nsis
Chamaecyparls spp,
Chionanthus
virglnlcus
Relative
tolerancel
Good
Good
POOr
Moderate-good
Moderat(!.good
Moderate-good
Poor
Moderate
Modera te-good
Poor.moderate
Moderate
Poor.
Moderate .
Good
Good'
Good
Good
Moderate
Good
Good
Poor.moderate
Moderate
Good
Good
Moderate
1 Assigned either by SOUlce or by Matheny and Clark.
Comments
"
Intermediate tolerance to root loss and saturated soils.
WiD tolerate some WI.
Response constrained by soil aeration and water availability,
Moderately tolerant of construction damage. Tolerant or some fill.
Wind firm. Hespol1se cons~ralned by soil and water availability.
Moderately tolaantofconstructlon damage. Thlerant of some fill.
Moderately tolerant of construction damage. Tolerant of some flll.
Windflrm.
Response constrained by soU aeration and water availability.
Moderately tolerant of construction damage. Tolerant oC some fill.
Wlndficm.
Response constrained by soil aeration and water availability.
Pest problenu associated with development Impacts.
Pest problems assocIated with development Impacts.
Tolerant of saturated soUs. Intermediate In tolerance to root loss.
~nerally tolerant of disturbance indudJng root Inlury. Prone to
basal decay.
Tolerant of root and crown pruning. Intolerant of excessive soil
molsturei' leads to Armlllarin and Phytophrhora.
lntolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentalization).
Intolerant of mecharilcalln/ury (poor compartmentalization).
Response'constralned by soU aeratlon and water availability.
Tolerant of root loss. Intermediate (Hlghtshoe) or low (Day) In
tolerance to saturated soils.
Jntolerant of mechanical Inlury (poor compartmentallzatlon).
Sensitlve to fl1I and root dJsturbance. RequIres tree protection
zone al the drlpllne. Requlres postcOnstructJon care,
particularly supplemental irrigation.
Response:constTalned by soU aeration and water availabiUty.
Relatively windfiIm. lntolerant of changes In watcr
table/soU moisture.
Show COnsiderable resistance to "contractor pressures."
Intolerant of mechanical Inlury (poor compartmentalization).
Response constrained by soil aeration and waler availability.
/
'Source
Coder
Hightshoe, S}~nor
Coder
S. Oark, Coder. Sydnor
S. Clark, Sydnor
S. Clark, S}'dnor
Coder
Coder
S. Oark, Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Coder
HJghtshoe
Coder
Day. Sydnor
Ellis
Coder
Coder
Day, Hightshoe. Sydnor
Coder
Cullen
Coder
Peepre
Gilbert
Coder
/
Relative
Common name Scientific name tolerancel Comments Source
.-..-..-
European ash Frculnus excelsior Moderate Gilbert
Black ash Fraxinus niua Good Tol~ant 01 root loss and saturated soUs. Hightshoe
Green ash Fraxlnus Good Tolerant of root pruning and loss. Benefits hom supplemental Coder, Da}',
pOl11Sylvanfuz hrlgaUon (01l0\'.1ng InJury. Tolerant of saturated soils and fill. Hlghtshoe, Sydnor
Blue ash Fraxinus Good Sydnor
quadrangulata
Shamel ash Fraxlnus uhdei Good Tolerant of root prunlng. Best with Irrigation following dIsturbance. EJIls
Modesto ash Fraxinus wlutina Good Tolerant oC root pruning. Requires supplemental irrigation following Matheny & Clark
'Modesto' root lOSS/injury.
Ginkgo Ginkgo bi/oba Good Tolerant of root pruning. Fraedrtch, Sydnor
Water Jocwt GltiiiWa aquatica Good Coder
Honey locust Glt!dltsla trlacanthos Good Tolerant of root pruning and sile dlsturbance. lntermedlate Coder, Praed.rich.
f. /nmnis tolerance to saturated soils. Hlghtshoe, Sydnor
Loblolly bay Gordon/a lasianthus Good Coder
Kentucky coffee-tree Gymnocladus dioicus Good rntermedJate tolerance to root loss and saturated soils. HJghtshoe, Sydnor
Tolerant of site dIsturbance.
Carolina sil\'erbe11 Ha/~sla carol/nil Moduate lntolerant of mechanlcallnju[}' (poor compartmentalization). Coder
Response constrained by soil aeration and water availability.
Umlted tolerance to microclimate change. Tolerance greatest
within native range.
Two-winged sUverbell Halaia dip~'a Moderate Intolerant of mechanIcal In/ury (poor compartmentaUzation), Coder
Response constrained by soil aeration and \Yat~ availability.
Uttle sllverbelI Hnlesia paTviflora Moderate. lntolerant of mechanlcallnjury (poor compartTnentaltz.atlon). Coder
Response constrained by soU aeration and water availability.
\ Witch-hazel Ha/11am~lis vfrg/ninna Moderate Inlolerant of mechanlcallnjwy (poor compartmentaIIzaUon). Coder
'I' Response constraIned by 5011 aeration and water avallabllity.
. .
Carolina holly lI~x amblgua Good Coder
Dahoon Uu CQJsine Good Coder
Large gallberry lla corlaaa Good Coder
(>osswnhaw 11a decidua Good Coder
Mountain f/~x montana Moderate-good Umlted tolerance to mJaodirnate change.1blerance greatest Coder
wlnterberry within native iange.
Myrtle dahoon /lex myrti(olin Good Coder
ArrierJcan hoUy flex opaCll Good Tolerates some flU. Coder, S)'dnor
Coinmon winteIberry na verlidllata Good Coder
Yaupon hoUy UtX YOmitoria Good Coder
] A~$1gned either by source or by Matheny and auk.
/
' j Relative
.!
1 Conunon name Scientific name tolerancel Comments Source
1 -.----
Yellow-lVood C/adrastis IlIttct Poor Response Is .site dependent. Coder
Cinnamon c1ethra Cltlhra ctCllm;1/oln Moderate Intolerant of mechanical InJury (poor comparonentaIlz.allon).
Response constrained by 5011 aeration and water aVaJlablUty. Coder
nud.;wheat lIee ClifWllia l1Ionapllylla Moderate Intolerant of mechanlcal injury (poor compartmentallzaUon).
Response constcaJned by solI aeraUon and water avaUabUlty. Coder
Pagoda dogwood Com/IS alten/i{o/in Moderate lntol~rant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentalization). COder
Flowering dogwood Camus flonda Poor Intolerant of site dJsturbance. Sydnor
. .
Flowering dogwood Camus f10rldct Moderate Intol~rant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentalization).
Pest problerru associated with development impacts. Coder
Pacific dogWOOd Camus Illlttn/1lI Good Pee pre
Swamp dogwood Comlls strictct Good Intolerant 01 mechanJcaJ Injury (poor. compartmentaUzatlon). Coder
Reaked hazeJ Corylus comlllCl Good Coder
Hawthorn Cmtnesrl$ spp. Modera te IntermedJate tolerance to root 10$$ and .saturated soils. Hightshoe
Cockspllr hawthorn CmtcttgIU cnls-snlli Good Sensitive to wtndUuow U canopy raised. Some tolerance Sydnor
10 dJslurbance. '
\ VclShington Cmtatgtls Good, Susceptible to windthrow. Tolerates some disturbance. Sydnor
hal\'thom pllnmopYTlII1/
Dotted hawthorn Crntntgus PUtJCtntCl Good Susceptible to wtndthrow. Tolerates some disturbance. Sydnor
Cypre1se~ CUPrtSS/lS spp. Good Show 'considerable resLstance to "contractor pressures." G,ilbert
Montere~' cypress ClIpr~ssrls Poor Intolerant of site dlsturbance. . Matheny & Clark
lIlnCTOCmpcl
., Swamp ql"l\la CJ'IiIln rnwlliflora Moderate intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentallzaUon). Coder
Persimmon DiosPYTOJ virgil/lm/n Good Tolerant of saturated salls. Pest plOblems associated with Sydnor
~evelopment Impacts. .
Eastern coralbean Erytl1rlllct Iltrbacttl Moderate Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentalization). Coder
Eucalypl\Js Ellcnlyplll$ spp. Moderate Modeiately tolerant p[ root loss. lntoJerant of fllI. Matheny & Clark
Eastern wahoo Euollymll$ .Moderate Intolerant of mechanical InJury (poor compartment.a1Jzatlon). Coder
C1tropl "pllTtll$ I I
Iletdl FnS/1$ spp. Poor Intolerant of root pruning. Poor re~ponse to Injury. Fraedrich, Sydnor
Intolerant of fiU soil
American beech FngllS grmlcfi{olin Poor Re1ponse is site dependent. Coder
F.urope.1n b~h FnS/lt sylyaCkn Poor Mature trees partlcularJy susceptible. Gilbert
SW;lII1I'VfJ\'I'1 Pml'.~ti(/1IlIl1/l11irllrrl/ Good Coder
Ash Fftlxil/lIs spp. Moderate Moderately tolerant of root pruning. S. Clark. Fraedrich
White ash Fm.rcJllll$ amerlCClllrl Moderate-good Tolerant oE root loss.lntermedJate In tolerance to saturated soils. s. Clark, Coder,
lr,lIolefilnt of mechianlcal injury (poor comp,lCtmentallzation). Hlghlshoe, Sydnor
Response constrained by soU and water availability.
C.llolioC\ ash Frcuillll$ cnroli"irrnn Good Code!
IAsslgned either by source or by Matheny and Clark.
,
.,
I
I
f
i
j
Relative
Common name SdentiCic name tolerancel
California blad: walnut 1U8lallS Ilillrlsii Poor
Black IValnut lus[nns nioVa Poor-moderate
EnKUsh walnut luglalls rtgfn Poor
Rocky Mountain Ill1Ii~fIIS Poor
Juniper scopulonml
E.Jstem red cedar IllIIi~nlS yjrgilliaun Good
Mountain Jilurl'1 Knill/in lati{o/in Good
Tamarack Lan'x Inricinn Moderate
Sweetgum Lil]ludnmbrJr Poor.good
styrl1cifllln
Tullptree Lin'ode/ldron Moderate
hllipifan
Tullptrl'e Liriorlmdrcm Poor
tullpifan
Cucumbectree Magnolia nOllniuatn Moderate
Fraser magnolia Ma:nolin frnseri Poor
'I'" "
I.,' ,'" .
,.. "
~~ .
...~
.;..
:j .
>
\
, i
I
Southern Olilgnolia Magnolia gralld/flora
Southern magnolia Mngllo/ia 1falldiflom .
Pyrilmld magnolia Mag1lolia pyrnmidtlttl
Sweet bay Magllolia virgilliafln
Apples Mo/as spp.
SO\lthern crabapple MO(IIJ ollgustifo1ia
lAsslgned either by source or by Matheny and Clark.
Poor or good
Moderate
Poor
Good
Moderate
Moderate
/
Commenu
Dies slowly follOWing even minor root In/ury or changes to
water tabJe. Crown reduction pruning may ~ fatal. Requires
Iree protection zone at or beyond the drJpllne.
Intolerant of root Iou. IntermedJate toJerance to satuIa ted soUs.
Intolerant of mechanlcalln}ury (poor compartmentalization).
Response COcutralned by soH aeraUon and water avallabWty.
Usually grafted onto Ca.lJfomla bJack walnut stock.
Sensitive 10 root prunJng and 011 soil. Likely to decline following
grade change and loss oC roots. Very susceptible to borers
wh,en stressed.
Tolerant of root Joss. Intolerant of saturated solis. lntolerant of
mechanJcaJ injury.
Tolerant or root loss and saturated soils.
lntennedlate response to flU and root lnjury. Breadth oC
I
tole.rance may be due to pre.exJ..sting site conditions and
within spedes variation.
Intolerant of loot pruning. Sens:lUve to Woundlng.
Intolerant of mechanicallnlury (poor compartmentalization).
Response conslIaJned by soU aeration and water avallabllity.
Intolerant oC mechanical Injury (poor compartmentalization).
Inlolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentalization).
Urnlted tolerance to microclimate change;Tolerance greatest
Within native range. '
Response dependent upon Jocatlon: good withJn native range;
poor outside It. In CaliIomla, It declines foUOwing root In/ury
and site dbturbance.
Intolerant of mechanicalln/ury (poor compartmentalization).
Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentalization).
L1mlied tolerance to microcUmate change. ToJerance greatest
wilh..\n native range.
Toler~nt oC saturated soUs.
Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentalization).
LimJted tolerance to mlooCUmale change. Tolerance greatest
Within native range. Pest problems cUSodated with devclopml'llt
Impact's.
Source
Matheny & Cluk.
Hightshoe. Sydnor
Matheny & Clark
Day
Coder. Hlghlshoe.
Sydnor
Coder
Hlghtshoe
S. Clark, Coder.
Matheny & Clark.
Sydnor
Fraedrich, Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Coder
Matheny & Clark,
Sydnor
Coder
COder
Coder, Sydnor
Gilbert
Coder
, .
, j Relative
"
" tolerance 1
, Common name Sdentlficname
';
! ..-....--..-.
! Slash pine PinllS tlfiottii Good
Spruce pine Pinus glnbm Good
,'\u~trian pine Pillus nitro Good
Longleal pine PilllLS pnl/lStris Moderate-good
Ponderosa pine Pinus pondaosa Good
Table mountain pine Pinus pUllgalS Moderate-good
Monterey pine Pinus radinta Moderate
Red pine Pillus resinosa Good
Pitch pine PillllS rlgirill Good
Digger pine Pinus sflbilliann Moderate
Pond pine Pi,ms saCJtill/l Good
White pine PJnclS strobus Moderate
Scots pine Pinus sylYt!stris GoOd
Loblolly pine ps,II/S tCltrin Moderate-good
Virginia pine Pi/lllS Yirgillinllo Poor -modera te
Virg1nla pIne Pinus virpnJctnCl Good
Planer tree Plnnan aquotico Good
London plane PIntail/IS x lJCtrl{olin Poor or good
f..1stem sycamore Pintail/IS ocddrntnlis Moderate
Eastern sycamore Plnlnnus occidmtnlls
Western ~ycarnore Platanus mCtmoSll
Poplars Popu/lLS spp.
f.aslern Colton\Yood Pupll/llS d~ltu;rl~s
Good
Moderate
Good
ModeratC'-good
.
Western cottonwood Popll/llS {mnolltii
Blgtoolh aspen POpll/lU smllrlirlmtntLI
I.cl/lIb:lrll}' poplOlr PUJlu/lls lIisrn
'llaJlca'
Poor
Poor-moderate
Moderate-good
I Assigned eithl'r by source or by Matheny and Qark,
,
. ,
/
Comments
Source
Tolerant of some fUl and root pruning/inJury.
UmJted tolerance to microclimate change. Tolerance greatest
Within native range.
Tolerant of flU within driplJne and root pnmlng. [ntolerant of poor
drainage, ovenvaterlng, and hlgh-.soluble salts.
Umlted tolerance to mJctocllmate change. Tolerance greatest
within native range.
Requires supplemental irrigation (olloWing disturbance.
Tolerant of root loss.lntolerant of saturated .solis.
Tolerant of root loss. Intolerant of satUIated .soUs or changes
In soil moisture. Response often site dependent.
To~erant 0{ root Joss. Intolerant of saturated soiis.
Moderate tolerance to root loss. Jntolerant of .saturated solls.
Jnjl,lfY increases swceptiblUty to soutbern pine beeUe.
Prone to wlndtluow and root decay.
Response appears to be location dependent. In .eastern V.s.,
, str~s intolerant In northern part of range. In Call1omla,
Vert tolerant Benefits horn suppJemental.ln1gation.
Intennedlate tolerance to constructlon damage. Moderate
tolerance of WI solI.
Show consIderable resislance to "contractor pres.s.sures."
Intermedlilte to good tolerance of root loss, fill ~oi/, and
saturated solis.
Prone to wlndthrow and decay.
Tolerant of root Jos.s. Intolerant of saturated soils.
Tolerant of minor amounts of fill. IntoJerant 01 chClnges In
~oU moisture. Decays rapidly. SusceptlbJe to windthrow.
Coder
Coder
Day, Sydnor
Coder
Day
Coder
Ellis
Hlghtshoe, Sydnor
Coder, Sydnor
Matheny &- Clark
Coder
Coder, Hlghlshoe,
Sydnor
Hlghtshoe, Sydnor
S. Clark, Coder, Sydnor
Matheny &- Clark.
Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Matheny & Clark,
Sydnor
s. Clark, Sydnor
Coder
Matheny & Clark
Gilbert
S. Clark, Coder,
Highlshoe, Sydnor
Matheny & Clark
Hlghlshoe, Sydnor
Beck
}
i
Com men ls
.----..
----.---.--. -'-'---. ...
Day
DeCollation and dleback may Col/ow excessive root loss.
Intolerant of crown reduction pruning. Supplemental irrigation
required following root Injury. Tolerant of some grade change.
Tolerant of root loss. [ntolerant of saturated salls,
Mature trees prone 10 windlhrow and hunk fall UTe.
Intolerant o{ mec.hanica! Injury (poor compartment.allzatlon).
Response constrained by 5011 aeIation and water availability.
Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentaUzatfon).
Response constraIned by soil aeration and water avallablllty.
Tolerant of root loss. [ntolerant of saturated.solls.
Intolerant of mechanlc.aJ Injury (poor compartmentalization).
Intermediate tolerance to roo't loss. Intolerant of saturat~d soUs.
Select young, vigorous Individuals for preservation,
Intolerant of mechankallnlury (poor compartmentalization).
Intolerant of mechanlcallnlury (poor compartmentalization).
Tolerant of fUl soIl If limited to one-<tuarter of loot zone.
However, may decline slowly foIlowing addition of fill.
Tolerates root pruning. Intolerant of poor drainage.
Susceptible to bark beetles following Injury.
Intolerant of mechanlcallnjury (poor compartmentalization).
Intolerant of root pruning.
Sensitive to addition oC fill soli around base of trunk.
Intolerant of frequent summer irrigation. Bark Is sensitive
to sunburn foUowlng pruning.
Intolerant of loot loss and saturated solli,
A common survivor of construction activity. Moderate
tolerance to fill soil. Response constrained by soil aeration
and water avallabUlty.
Tolerant of some fill.
(ntolerant of constructIon injury.
largely lnl.oleIant of construction Injury.
/
Source
Day, Hightshoe
Peepre
Coder
CodeI
Coder
Hlghtshoe
Coder
Hightshoe, Sydnor
Coder
Coda
Beck, Dunster
, .
Coder
Fraedrich
Gilbert
Matheny & Clark
HIghtshoe
S. Qark
Coder, Sydnor
Day, S}'dnor
S. Oatk, Sydnor
Coder
Coder
S. Oark, Coder. S}'dnor
Coder
Bur oak QlIt'mtS ml1crocarpa Good
Blackjack oak Quercus ml1rill1ndica Good
Swamp chestnut oak QUOC'lLS michal/xii . Good
, Chinquapin oak QUmlU Good
/Iluthltn~ii
Watet oak Quemu ,nlgrn Good
Pin oak QUl'/'CW paltutris Modera te-good
Wi Uow oak Quercus pht'1Jos . Moderate.good
Chestnut oak Quemu f1rimu Moderate-good
Northern red oak QllmlU TUbra Moderate.good
Shumard oak QlIt'I'OU s}llCm(l(dii Good
Post oak QlInrm Slt1Jnll1 Poor-good
11 hI\' k Oil k QII~'l'/IS wlmilln ModerClle
Black oak QlItmu vtlulinn Good
Uve oak QUmltS virgin/ann Good
Common name
Scientific name
Oregon white oak Qllm:u.sgarryona
Shingle oak Qum:lIs imbrlcnriCl
Bluejack oak QUm'm Inama
California black oak QIIm'ltS kd/oggii
Turkey oak Qr~ laMs
Laurel oak Q/lnrlU lallri{oiia
Valley oak
O\'ercup oak
Bur oak
QllmlU /obatn
QlIOClU Iyratn
QIIOClIS mnCTocnrpa
Relative
tolerance1
Good
Good
Good
Moderate
Good
Moderate
Moderate
Good
Moderate
I Asslgl1t<l either by source 01 by Matheny and Clark.
/
Comments
Subject to nutritjonal problems whee allcallne subbase Is wed.
Intolerant of extreme variation in moisture. Poor
compartmentaUzation resporne.
Intolerant of summer Irrigation and fln soil.
Relatively tolerant of root injury, although may be assocIated
wUh aown dleback. Supplemental bTlgatlon required following
root injury. Intermediate tolerance to saturated solls
(prciliie areas, U.S.). '
Tolerant of fill and compacted soils (eastern U.s~)
Tolerant of site dJ.stwbance.
Tolerant of satUIated solis.
Intermediate tolerance of root loss and saturated soUs.
. Response constrained by soil aeration and water avallablllty.
Response constrained by soU aeration and water availability.
Tolerant under good growing condltlons.
Response constrained by soU aeration and wat~ availability.
LImited tolerance to microclImate change. Tolerance gr~test
within naUve range. Tolerant of root loss.
Variation may be geographic In origin; poor in south,
good in mideastern U.S. (Ohio).
Intolerant of root loss and saturated solis.
ffigh tolerance for various soil types as well as trenchIng,
compaction, Clnd drought. Good compartmentaJlzatlon response.
Umlted tolerance to slle change. Tolerance greatest withJn
naUve range.
Source
Bell, Matheny & Clark
Sydnor
Coder
Matheny & Clark
Coder
Slebenthaler
Matheny &. Clark
Coder
Day, Hlgh\shoe
Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Coder, Sydnor
Coder, Sydnor
S. Clark, Hlghtshoe,
Sydnor
Coder, Sydnor
Coder, Sydnor
Coder, Hlgh\shoe.
Sydnor
Coder, Sydnor
S. Oarx, Coder, Sydnor
Hlghtshoe. Sydnor
Coder
Coder, Siebenthaler.
Sydnor
,.
J
'1
I
,
Common name Scientific name
Relative
tolerancel
/
Comments
... .....-._._._._~.. ...-.....-..--........ --. . -................-....-.-....-.. . ......----. '''--
....._..._u... ...._.__... . ..._..._.....
Coder
Carolina buckthom RhamnllS carollnlana
Catawba
rhododendron
Rosebay
rhododendron
Shining sumac
Smooth sumac
Staghorn sumac
Black locust
WUlow
Weeping wUlow
Rhododendron
catowbJmse
Rhododendron
nuvclmlan
Rhus copallina
Rhlu Sill bra
RhlU typhlrw
Robinia pseudoacacJa
Salix spp.
Salix babylcnlca
Coastal plain willow SQlix carolfnfcma
Black wUlow Sal1x nigra
Silky willow
Sall.x striCt(l
American elder Sambucus canadensis
Samlras StWtr(ras nlbidum
C11ilomia peppernee
Co.1St redwood StqTloia
sempmirms
C,!()llt redwood ~qlJOiadaufron
glsnnttJ/m
Moulltaln a.~h Sorbus 1Il/olparia
AIlI(Yimn bladdernut StllphyJm trifolia
Virl::ln~l Slcwilltia S(l!Wartia
ma[acodendrcm
Mountain stewartiil Stfflartia omta
^1l\l'rJrilll snowbcll Styrax ammcann
lIigll'af S1\O\vbcll
COllllllOIl 5\\'('(.'11(':.1 SYIII/11acos tinct.orla
Styrax grolld/folia
-.,.-..------
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Good
Good
Moderate-good
Moderate-good
Good
Good
Good
POOl
Good
Schinlts mo/f~
Good
Moderate
Moderate
Good
Good
Good
Moderate
Moderate
Good
I '\\SI~lll,1 d IIwl h}' ~Ilurw IIf by Matheny and auk,
Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmental\z.atlon),
Response constralned by soU aeration and water availability.
Intolerant of mechanlcallnlury (poor compartmentaliz.atlon).
Intolerant of mechanical inlury (poor compartmentallzaUon),
Intolerant of mechankal injury (poor compartmen talization).
Intolerant of mechanlCllllnlury (poor compartmentalization).
Regenerates quickly from root sprouts following disturbance.
Tolerant of root Joss and fill soU. Intolerant oC $<iturated solis.
SensU1ve to borers when stre.Med.
Moderately tolerant of Toot pruning and fill soli. Show considerable
resistance to "contraC1or pressures."
Disturbance may lead to cankering. Tolerant of some fill.
Increased likelihood of wind throw w1th saturated salls.
Tolerant of root loss and saturated soils. Tolerant of some flll.
Response is site dependent.
Regenerates from root suders following dl5turbance.
Moderate
Supplemen\al1rr1gation required If located out of native range,
as well as during construction and following injury.
lntolerant of summer Irrigation and fill soU,
Tolerant of root los.s. IntermedIate in tolerance'to saturated soils.
Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentalization).
Response constrained by soll aeration and water availability.
1ntol~rant of mechanical injury (poor compartmentallzaUon).
Response constrained by soU aeration and water avallabUlty.
Intolerant of mechanical inJury (poor compartment.a1Jzatlon).
Source
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Sydnor
Hlghuhoe, Sydnor
Day, fraedrich, Cllberl
S. Clark. Sydnor
Coder
Coder. Hlghtsho~.
Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Coder, Sydnor
Ellis
Matheny &: Clark
Matheny & Clark
Hlghtshoe
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
"
I'
Common name
Sdentific name
Relative
tolerancel
/
Comments
[laId.cypress
Source
,:
Tnxotfium disti,l!ullI
Pono cypress Taxod;ulIl rlilticlllulI
vat. III/tnns
'Northern white cedar Thujn occidmta/is
Western red cedar Tlrl/jn pliroCtl
\,\'t>stern red ced4ll
linden
~ass\\'ood
C;lrolina basS)"ood
White basswood
Poison sumac
[.astern hemlock
W~~tem hemlod;
1:J1):!
Winged elm
AmeriGIO elm
AIlICriGlIl dill
Siberian elm
Slippery elm
SlilllX'ry.dlll
Tllllj(/ pUcarn
TiUn spp.
-rilin n/ll~l'icrllln
Tilin ,n/'oli,,;n//(/
TiU(I IIm"op/rylln
Toxico.dnufroll
l'ell/ix
TSllgn ctJ/lnc1msis
TSlIga l~~roplly/ln
utmus spp.
UIII/us alam
utI/illS t1l/ltriCOI/fI
UII/IIIS nlllt'ri'IIIrn
VII/illS pU/lJila
Wmus rubm
Ulmus nrbrn
C;lIHornia \Jay UlIIlxllu/nria
c(/U{omicn
Sparkleberry Vnccitlilllll nrbortllln
PosSUlnhaw vwumunl VibunruJI/ lIlufllll/
Walter's viburnum Viblln7l11l1 obovatlnll
Good
Good
Good
Good
Poor.moderate
Moderate-good
Poor
Poor
Poor
Moderate
Poor
Poor-moderate
Good
Good
Good
Moderate
Good
Good
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Good
Good
l,h\i!>'ll'd l'Ilht'J hy SOllC({' or h)' M:llhen)' and Clark.
Adapts readily to wide range 01 solls, wet to dr)', sand}'
to heavy. Tolerant of alkaline soUs. Th.1nk does not disturb
pavement but knees may emerge In yards.
,
Tolerant of root loss,'some fiji, and saturated soUs,
Relatively windftrm. Intolerant of changes in water
table/soil moisture.
Response is very site dependent, probably related to soil molstur~.
In tolera n t of fill.
Moderately tolerant of root pruning. Considerable reslstance to
"contractor pressures."
1blerant of root loss. Intolerant.of saturated soils. Intolerant of
site dlst\.lrbance and fill.
Respo!"se ls site dependent.
Resporne Is site dependent.
Intolerant of mechanical injury (poor compartmentalization).
Intolerant of fill and saturated soils.
Prone to wind throw, decay, and dwarf mlstletoe. Intolerant of
grade change. Poor compartmentalization.
Tolerant of root pruning.
Tolerant of root loss and site disturbance. Intennedlate in
toleranC(! to saturated soils.
Pest problems associated with development Impacts
(sQutheastem U.S.).
Tolerant of fill soU, root pruning, Inlwy, a wide range of soU
moisture conditions, and high.soluble salu.
Tolerant of root loss. intermediate in tolerance to saturated soils.
Pest problems assodated with development impacts
(southeastern U.s.)
Intolerant of fill soil.
Response is sHe dependent.
S. Clark, Coder,
Slebenthaler
Coder
Hlghcshoe, Sydnor
Peepl e
Beck, Dunster
$, Cark, Gilbert,
Fraedrlch
Hlghlshoe, Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder, Sydnor
Beck., Dunster, Peepre
Fraedrich
Coder
Da}', Hlghtshoe, S)'dnor
Coder
Day
Hlghtshoe
Coder
Matheny & Clark
Coder
Coder
Coder
Common name
Relatlve
tolerance1
Comm~nts
Source
Sdentltic name
Rusty black haw
Hercules club
Viburnum mrldulum
Zanthoxylum
clava.hucl/lis
Good
Moderate
Intolerant of mechilnlcaJ Injury (poor compartmenlillil.ntlon)
Coder
Coder
1 Assigned ~lthcr by source or oy Malheny i1nd Clilrk.
REFERENCES
Beck, M. 1996. Northwest Arborvitae, WoodlnvllJe, WA. Personal
com m unlca lion.
BeU, H. 1996. ANEW LEAF, Merlin, OH. Personal communication.
Clark, S. 1996. Steve Clark & Associates, BTentwood,1l'l. Personal
communication,
Coder, K.D. 1996. Univ~ity of GeOrgla, Athens. Personal communication.
CUllen, S. 1996. Consulting aiborist, Greenwich. cr. Personal communIcation.
Day, S. 1996. Day & Associates, LIttleton, CO. Personal communication.
F.llis, D. 1996. Deborah Ellis, Horticultural Consultant, Saratoga, CA.
Personal communication.
/
Fraedrlch, B. 1995. Solutions of tree and sidewalk conflicts. City Tree.s.
pp. 13-]5. MaY-June 1995. ' .
Gilbert, O. 1996. Retaining trees on construction sites. ArboriclIlhlToJ
Joumal. 20:39-45.
H1ghtshoe, G. 1988. Native Trees, Shmbs and Vines for Urban (lnd Ruml
America. New York; Van Nostrand Reinhold, B19 pp.
Peepre, ].S. Undated. SaYing Native Trees in the Lower Mll In 1m ICI. Vancouver,
BC: j .P. Peepre & Associates.
Slebenthaler,j. 1996. Clearwater, FL Personal communIcation.
Sydnor, T. 1996. Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. P~onal
communication. .