HomeMy WebLinkAbout2005 03 01 Informational 300 - Distributed to the Department Directors
Date: February 28, 2005
The following Documents were distributed to
the Department Directors during the February
28, 2005 Finance Seminar, which preceded the
March 1, 2005 Finance Seminar Summary with
the Mayor and City Commission.
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Supreme Court of Florida
No. SCOO-1555
CITY OF NORTH LAUDERDALE,
Petitioner,
vs.
SMM PROPERTIES, INC., et aI.,
Respondents.
[August 22,2002]
QUINCE, J.
We have for review a decision of the Fourth District Court of Appeal on the
following questions, which the court certified to be of great public importance:
DO EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES (EMS) PROVIDE A
SPECIAL BENEFIT TO PROPERTY?
CAN A FIRE RESCUE PROGRAM FUNDED BY A SPECIAL
ASSESSMENT USE ITS EQUIPMENT AND PERSONNEL TO
PROVIDE EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES FOR
ACCIDENTS AND ILLNESSES UNDER LAKE COUNTY V.
WATER OAK MANAGEMENT CORP., 695 SO. 2D 667 (FLA.
1997)?
sought a declaration that the portion of the assessment for emergency medical
services (item three) was improper because the properties did not derive a special
benefit from this service. The trial court granted partial summary judgment on
behalf of the City, finding that the special assessment conferred a special benefit to
property as a matter of law. On appeal, the Opponents argued the trial court erred
because the assessment for emergency medical services provided a service to all
citizens in the city and did not provide a special benefit to the assessed real
property. See SMM Properties. Inc. v. City of North Lauderdale, 760 So. 2d 998
(Fla. 4th DCA 2000) (en bane). The Fourth District agreed, concluding that the
emergency medical services did not provide a special benefit to the assessed
property because such services benefit people, not property. See id. at 1004. The
City seeks review of the Fourth District's decision.
DISCUSSION
In Lake County v. Water Oak Management CoI:p., 695 So. 2d 667,669 (Fla.
1997), we reiterated the test for determining the validity of a special assessment:
In reviewing a special assessment, a two-prong test must be
addressed: (1) whether the services at issue provide a special benefit
to the assessed property; and (2) whether the assessment for the
services is properly apportioned. Sarasota County [v. Sarasota
Church of Christ], 667 So. 2d at 183; City of Boca Raton v. State,
-3-
Water Oak Management Corp. v. Lake County, 673 So. 2d 135, 137 (Fla. 5th DCA
1996), quashed in part, 695 So. 2d 667 (Fla. 1997). The issue before this Court on
a certified question was whether Lake County's fire protection services, funded by
a special assessment, provided a special benefit to the assessed properties. We
answered the certified question in the affirmative, fmding the fire protection services
did provide a special benefit to the assessed properties, because at a minimum, fire
protection services provide for lower insurance premiums and enhance the value of
property. Lake County, 695 So. 2d at 669.
In this case, the City argues that Lake County's fire rescue program is similar
to its own program because both are consolidated programs funding more than fire
protection and suppression activities. The Opponents respond that Lake County
involved first-response medical aid, not emergency medical services, and thus is
not directly on point. The Opponents also argue that since first-response medical
aid is a function provided by firefighters as part of their normal duties, the property
owners in Lake County were really only paying for fire protection, and the special
assessment in Lake County did not assess property owners for services outside the
firefighters' jobs, such as emergency medical services.
We agree that the facts of this case do not fit squarely within Lake County.
Although both programs are "integrated" programs encompassing more than fire
-5-
~ 401.107(3), Fla. Stat. (2000). Further, the legislative intent as to medical
transportation services is outlined as follows:
Legislative Intent.- The Legislature recognizes that the systematic
provision of emergency medical services saves lives and reduces
disability associated with illness and injury. In addition, that system of
care must be equally capable of assessing, treating, and transporting
children, adults, and frail elderly persons. Further. it is the intent of the
Legislature to encourage the development and maintenance of
emergency medical services because such services are essential to the
health and well-being of all citizens of the state. The put:pose of this
part is to protect and enhance the public health, welfare, and safety
through the establishment of an emergency medical services state plan,
advisory counsel, minimum standards for emergency medical services
personnel, vehicles, services and medical direction, and the
establishment of a statewide inspection program created to monitor the
quality of patient care delivered to each licensed service and
appropriately certified personnel.
~ 401.211, Fla. Stat. (2000) (emphasis added).
Based on these factors, the medical services provided for in this case are
clearly distinguishable from the ones present in Lake County. The special
assessment here cannot be upheld, as the City contends, simply because it
provides the same services as the assessment upheld in Lake County. To the
contrary, the special assessment here provides emergency medical services, while
the assessment in Lake County did not. The City would have this Court extend the
rationale of Lake County to apply to the instant case, arguing that a special
assessment that provides a higher level of medical services is a natural and logical
-7-
Additionally, the City argues that it made clear, detailed, and specific legislative
declarations as to the special benefit to property from the fire rescue program. The
City points to the Fire Rescue Assessment Ordinance (the Ordinance):
Section 1.04. Legislative Determinations of Special Benefit.
It is hereby ascertained and declared that the fire rescue services,
facilities, and programs of the City provide a special benefit to
property within the City that is improved by the existence or
construction of a Dwelling Unit or Building based upon the following
legislative determinations:
(A) Fire rescue services possess a logical relationship to the use
and enjoyment of improved property by: (1) protecting the value of the
improvements and structures through the provision of available fire rescue
services; (2) protecting the life and safety of intended occupants in the
use and enjoyment of improvements and structures within improved
parcels; (3) lowering the cost of fire insurance by the presence of a
professional and comprehensive fire rescue program within the City; and
(4) containing the spread of fire incidents occurring on vacant property
with the potential to spread and endanger the structures and occupants of
improved property.
(B) The combined fire control and emergency medical services of
the City under its existing consolidated fire rescue program enhances and
strengthens the relationship of such services to the use and enjoyment of
Buildings within improved parcels of property within the City.
(C) The combined fire control and emergency medical services of
the City under its existing consolidated fire rescue program enhance the
value of business and commercial property that is improved by the
existence or construction of a Building which enhanced value can be
anticipated to be reflected in the rental charge or value of such business
or commercial property.
-9-
documenting any specific special benefit, and there is no testimony or expert
opinion indicating how the portion of the assessment providing for emergency
medical services specially benefits real property. Moreover, a legislative body
"cannot by its fiat make a local improvement of that which in its essence is not
such an improvement, and it cannot by its fiat make a special benefit to sustain a
special assessment where there is no special benefit." South Trail Fire Control
Dist. v. State, 273 So. 2d 380,383 (Fla. 1973) (quoting 48 Am. Jur., Special or
Local Assessments, ~ 29, at 589 (1943)).
Since a presumption of correctness does not attach to the City's fmdings
of special benefit, we adhere to a standard of review of the lower court's
decision based on ordinary fmdings of fact. The test for determining whether a
special benefit is conferred to property was set out in Lake County:
In evaluating whether a special benefit is conferred to property by
the services for which the assessment is imposed, the test is not
whether the services confer a "unique" benefit or are different in type
or degree from the benefit provided to the community as a whole;
rather the test is whether there is a "logical relationship" between the
services provided and the benefit to real property. Whisnant v.
Stringfellow, 50 So. 2d 885 (Fla. 1951); Crowder v. Phillips, 146 Fla.
440, 1 So. 2d 629 (1941) (on rehearing).
Lake County, 695 So. 2d at 669 (footnote omitted). Relying on Fire District
No.1 v. Jenkins, 221 So. 2d 740, 741 (Fla. 1969), we concluded there was a
-11-
special benefit") came directly from the discussion of the special benefit prong
in Lake County. We also mentioned the "logical relationship" test in the recent
case of City of Winter Springs v. State, 776 So. 2d 255,259 n.4 (Fla. 2001)
("Further, this Court has stated that, '[i]n evaluating whether a special benefit is
conferred to property . . . the test is whether there is a logical relationship
between the services provided and the benefit to real property. "'). Thus, the
"logical relationship" test for determining whether a special assessment confers
a special benefit to property remains the standard by which we judge the validity
of the special assessment at issue in this case.
The City argues there is a logical relationship between emergency medical
services and a special benefit to property because these services protect the life
and safety of intended occupants in the use and enjoyment of the assessed
property. The Opponents argue that the portion of the assessment providing
for emergency medical services must fail because there is no logical relationship
between the assessment, treatment, and transport of sick or injured people and a
special benefit to real property. Opponents contend this portion of the special
assessment is an invalid ad valorem tax clothed as a special assessment.
In City of Boca Raton v. State, 595 So. 2d 25 (Fla.1992), we explained
the distinction between special assessments and taxes:
-13-
assessment, treatment, and transport of sick or injured people) and a special
benefit to real property. Emergency medical services provide a personal benefit
to individuals. There is no indication from the City or in the record how
emergency medical services enhance the value of the property against which the
assessment is imposed. The better argument made by the City is that the
provision of emergency medical services has a logical relationship to property
because these services enhance the use and enjoyment of property. See Meyer
v. City of Oakland Park, 219 So. 2d 417 (Fla. 1969). As to the "use and
enjoyment" argument, however, it does not follow that one has potential added
or actual use and enjoyment of property because emergency medical services
are provided to owners of that property. Although emergency medical services
may provide a sense of security to individuals, neither the service nor the sense
of security is provided to the property itself.
CONCLUSION
Accordingly, we answer both certified questions in the negative, find that
emergency medical services do not provide any special benefit to property, and
approve the decision of the district court.
It is so ordered.
ANSTEAD, C.J., and SHAW, HARDING, WELLS, and LEWIS, JJ., concur.
-15-
Frank A. Shepherd, Miami, Florida,
for Pacific Legal Foundation, Amicus Curiae
William Phil McConaghey, pro se, Pembroke Pines, Florida,
Amicus Curiae
-17-
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Commission OK's fire service fee
BY NATALIE P. McNEAL, Miami Herald, 5/6/0'1
Miramar homeowners will pay as much as $169 more in their tax bills this year for a fire service fee
that city commissioners unanimously voted on Wednesday to create.
City leaders say the fee is expected to cover about half the $13 million cost of the city's fire services.
They said the fee is expected to free up general fund money to help cover pending bills like higher
pension costs.
Fees for businesses, warehouses and institutions like nursing homes will vary according to their
size.
Under the proposal, the fee for commercial businesses will a maximum of $502 for a building
measuring 2,000 square feet.
For buildings larger than 75,000 square feet, the maximum fee would be $37,594.
Warehouses would be charged up to $93 if they are under 2,000 square feet and up to $6,951 for
those larger than 75,000 square feet.
,
Institutions would pay as much as $276 if they are under 2,000 square feet and up to $20,674 if they
are larger than 75,000 square feet.
While commissioners set maximum fees Wednesday, they said they plan to establish a complete
fee schedule'on June 2.
According to a Miramar study, 23 of 30 cities in Broward levy fire assessment fees.
Pembroke Pines charges households $74.98 annually. Hollywood households pay $93 a year.
Hallandale Beach officials recently increased fees from $30.35 to $70 a year.
The city hired two consulting firms to do the study and recommend fees.
Possible fire-service fee sparks Daytona debate
By JOHN BOZZO (john.bozzo@news-jrnl.com)
Staff Writer
DAYTONA BEACH -- When firefighters respond to a building fire here they often have to wait for
another fire truck before going inside to douse the flames.
That's because of the state's "two in two out" rule that went into effect last November. Under the
rule, at least four firefighters must be on the scene before firefighters can attack a fire inside a
building, two inside and two outside.
In Daytona Beach only three firefighters are on duty at four of the city's six fire stations.
"It's frustrating," said Fire Chief Paul Skinner, who would like firefighters to be able to attack a
fire immediately.
A new tax for fire protection services is being proposed to help hire more firefighters and make
other improvements in the department.
City commissioners are scheduled to discuss the tax at their meeting 7 p.m., Wednesday, at
City Hall, 301 S. Ridgewood Ave. In previous talks, there appeared to be a slim majority for the
new tax as long as churches would not have to pay.
In addition to enhancing fire protection, the tax would also free up about $5 million from the
city's general operating budget to help avoid projected budget deficits from years of rising
expenses and stagnant income.
For example, this year's budget earmarks $7 million from the general operating budget for the
Fire Department. Next year, the general fund is projected to pay about $2 million of the fire
costs, with about $6.6 million more expected from the new fire tax.
"If they're really going to use it for the Fire Department and not divert funds, OK," said Gene
Camp, a resident and downtown business owner. "If they're going to divert funds -- wrong."
Others suspect the fire tax will be shifted to pay for special events. They point to two studies that
estimate the city lost anywhere from $390,000 to $2 million on special events last year.
"I don't think residents should be penalized with this fire assessment when special events are
part of the problem," said Lucille Eaton, a resident and owner of a 10-unit apartment house.
City staff is proposing raising $6.6 million, or 75 percent, of the projected $8.8 million fire
protection costs next year with the fire tax. That would mean $91 a year for multifamily units, or
$910 a year for Eaton's apartments. .
Homeowners would pay $134 a year under the plan, a flat rate that South Atlantic Avenue
Neighborhood Association President Sheila McKay said is unfair. "It's more of a burden to
people of less means than persons in big homes," she said.
The new tax would pay for hiring 18 new firefighters, so at least four would be on duty at all six
city fire stations at any time.
Also, the proposed tax would pay for a new firetruck equipped with an aerial boom, a piece of
equipment that costs about $800,000. The city's current aerial truck is more than 20 years old
and unreliable.
'We'd like to believe that besides improving service, this will save maintenance costs because it
won't be in the shop all the time for repairs," said Skinner, the fire chief.
In addition to more firefighters and new equipment, the fire tax would pay for wage increases
approved in a recent union settlement, a cost of about $429,000.
"Everybody recognizes the city's in a hole and something's got to be done to fix it," said Ron
Nowviskie, Root Real Estate vice president. ''The business community is going to step up and
do its part, but this is too much."
The proposed rate of 13 cents a square foot for commercial buildings, or $13,000 a year for a
1 OO,OOO-square-foot structure, is too high, he said.
Such rates could have a negative impact on the local economy by discouraging business, he
said.
Nowviskie criticized exempting vacant property from the tax. A report by Government Services
Group, a Tallahassee consulting firm, states that vacant properties did not benefit from fire
protection. The benefit goes to buildings next to vacant property, according to the report. "The
biggest fire issue we had in the history of the city was all on vacant land, the wildfires in 1998,"
he said.
However, assessments like the fire tax can only be approved for a service that brings a direct
benefit to a property, like fire protection or streetlights.
Eaton, the apartment owner, said that in recent years the city enacted a water tax, the county
increased the gasoline tax, and the School Board increased the sales tax.
'We've had enough new taxes," she said.
Daytona bends to church power, plans to exempt
religious properties from proposed fire service tax
By JOHN Balla, news-jrnl.com Staff Writer
DAYTONA BEACH -- A new citywide tax to pay for fire protection gained momentum Wednesday with the City
Commission, as long as churches don't have to pay.
In a workshop meeting. a majority of city commissioners supported paying for 75 percent of Fire Department
costs through the new tax rather than traditional property taxes. Homeowners would pay between $91 and
$134 a year under the proposal.
"This is the fairest way to get everybody contributing something for the cost of services," Mayor Bud Asher
said.
But Asher said he did not want the fire-tax proposal killed by opposition from churches.
Voting is not allowed in a workshop, although discussions to reach a consensus are permitted. The first of a
series of votes required to implement the proposed tax is scheduled for the City Commission meeting July 3.
"You cannot sit on everything with the cost of living going up and not do anything," Commissioner Yvonne
Scarlett-Golden said.
The new tax is being considered as a way to deal with predictions of a budget shortfall as high as $5 million
next year.
Commissioners Rick Shiver and Mike Shallow also urged moving ahead with the tax.
But even though most commissioners appear to support the new tax, the majority may be slim. Commissioner
Darlene Yordon, who has said she opposes the tax, declined comment. And Commissioner Charles Cherry
stuck to his position opposing the tax.
Commissioner George Burden said he opposes the tax, unless money raised is limited to enhancing current
fire services. He said the city has been mismanaged because the number of employees has increased in
recent years despite new computers to make the city more efficient.
City Manager Richard Quigley responded that city staff has increased in part because of orders from the City
Commission to add code enforcement and new community policing staff.
As proposed, the new tax would pay for about $6.6 million of the projected $8.8 million Fire Department budget
next year.
Single-family homeowners would pay $134 next year and
condominium owners $91 under the plan. Owners of apartment complexes also would be assessed $91 per
unit.
Other properties would be taxed per square foot up to 100,000 square feet. The square-foot-rate under
consideration is 13 cents for commercial property, 41 cents for hotels and motels, 8 cents for industrial-
warehouse properties, 29 cents for institutional properties and 70 cents for nursing homes.
If commissioners choose to exempt churches, which are included in the institutional category, the new tax
would raise less than $6.6 million. A report is expected in two weeks from a consulting firm showing how much
it would cost to exempt churches.
Fire rate exemption could reduce haul by $1 million
By JOHN BOllO, news-jrnl.com Staff Writer
DAYTONA BEACH -- Exempting churches, non-profits, public buildings and schools would bring
in about $1 million less from a proposed new fire tax.
City commissioners looked at revised figures Wednesday in preparation for a series of votes on the
tax proposed to pay for fire protection services. Officials plan the first of several votes on the tax at
a July 3 meeting and have scheduled the first public hearing July 17.
Under the revised rates presented Wednesday, the yearly tax rates would be $134 for single-family
homes and $89 for multi-family units. Annual rates for other buildings would be charged per square
foot to a maximum of 100,000 square feet. Those rates are proposed at 13 cents a square foot for
commercial buildings, 38 cents a square foot for hotels and motels, 8 cents a square foot for
industurial or warehouse buildings, 29 cents a square foot for institutional buildings and 70 cents a
square foot for nursing homes.
City staffers proposed the tax to counter projections of deficits as high as $5 million without action
to cut costs and increase city income.
Camille Tharpe of the Tallahassee-based consulting firm Government Services Group, told
commissioners they could decide what buildings they could exempt from the fire tax.
City staff is recommending paying for 75 percent of the city's fire protection costs through the new
tax, or about $6.6 million of an estimated $8.8 million budget. But exempting churches, non-profits
and public buildings would bring in about $5.6 million.
"You can charge government property; you can send them a separate bill," Tharpe said. 'Whether
or not they'll pay is another issue for another time."
She said the city may need to file a lawsuit to collect from another government entity or a school. If
they were taxed, governments and schools would pay $710,656, while churches and non-profits
would pay $251,504.
The revised figures would apply the proposed tax to church-owned properties other than
sanctuaries.
"There are many churches that own houses, parking lots and other buildings," Commissioner
Charles Cherry said.
Deerfield special fire tax pushed
By Jeremy Milarsky
Staff Writer
January 20, 2002
DEERFIELD BEACH. Everyone who lives in this city, whether in a house, apartment or
condominium, would pay $49 a year for fire protection services if city commissioners
agree with a recommendation from City Manager Larry Deetjen.
Based on a budget analysis by an outside consultant, Deetjen has urged
commissioners to use a special flat tax for fire protection to cover 39 percent of the
expenses within the city's Fire-Rescue Department.
Commissioners actually approved a tax in September, asking for $30 annually from
residents. But City Attorney Andrew Maurodis warned them they could not arbitrarily set
the fee. Instead, state law required a qualified expert to study the fire-rescue budget,
determine how much of it could be paid for with the special tax and break down those
figures for commissioners.
The city's consultant, Government Services Group Inc. of Tallahassee, found that
Deerfield Beach could use the special tax to pay for $7.2 million of the department's
$10.5 million budget, or more than $100 annually per household.
But, Deetjen told commissioners Jan. 8, "I do not recommend that."
Until this year, Deerfield Beach had never had a special tax on fire protection, although
Tamarac, Lauderdale Lakes and many other cities have imposed one for years.
While Deerfield Beach's tax would cost residents $49 under Deetjen's recommendation,
business owners would pay a different amount depending on the physical size of their
properties.
If people do not pay the tax the first year it is levied, the fee will appear on the following
year's property tax bill.
Jeremy Milarsky can be reached at jmilarsky@sun-sentinel.com or call 954-572-2020.
Copyright @ 2002, South Florida Sun-Sentinel
New fire fee plan may alann, relieve
Some homeowners, schools and churches in unincorporated areas might feel
the sting of a decision.
By SAUNDRA AMRHEIN, Times Staff Writer
@ St. Petersburg Times published January 24, 2002
DADE CITY -- Pasco County inched closer to changing the way it charges for fire
service on Wednesday, giving initial approval to a plan that would hit the owners of low-
valued homes harder than those with expensive ones.
Proponents say the change spreads the cost of fire protection more fairly.
The proposal also leaves the door open for lifting assessment exemptions from
churches, schools and other nonprofit groups, which could face new annual payments,
depending on building size, from $149 to $7,474 for fire protection.
The commission voted 3-2 to advertise and pursue the option that would split charges
for fire services in unincorporated areas down the middle between property taxes and a
flat $40 assessment.
Commissioners Pat Mulieri and Steve Simon voted against it.
Simon said the 50-50 split -- in contrast to other ideas that relied more on property taxes
and less on a flat assessment -- would place a heavy burden on residents who own less
valuable property.
"Let's make that (burden) as small as we possibly can," Simon said.
The decision allows the county to advertise examples of charges ahead of a public
hearing to give residents a sense of the pending changes.
A public hearing will be held at 9:30 a.m. Feb. 5 at the West Pasco Government Center.
A final decision on the fire rates won't be made until budget hearings in September.
Assistant County Administrator Dan Johnson says the new scheme is a way for
everyone to pitch in for fire services. Currently in unincorporated areas, owners of
property with a low taxable value contribute little toward fire protection because their
taxes are so low, he said.
In some cases; the $40 flat assessment alone is more than what they pay in fire taxes.
"By having a per parcel assessment, everyone pays some basic level of service,"
Johnson said.
Right now, property owners in districts covered by the county's fire crews -- outside
incorporated cities or one of the four remaining volunteer departments -- pay for fire
service through a special tax calculated by assessed property values.
Those in volunteer districts pay requested contributions to their fire companies -- $25 a
year in Magnolia Valley and $40 a year in Land Q'Lakes.
The county wants to replace the four remaining volunteer departments -- Magnolia
Valley, Land Q'Lakes, Tri-Community and Traveler's Rest -- and establish the county as
the primary provider.
Residents in the Magnolia Valley and Land Q'Lakes volunteer districts would then have
to contribute the $40 flat fee plus an assessed property tax, like other residents in the
unincorporated areas.
Regardless of whether the county approves the flat fee, the move to extend service
would force the county to increase the special tax paid by everyone in the
unincorporated area.
That rate could rise from $1.54 of $1 ,000 assessed taxable value to $1.93 -- a 25
percent boost.
The owner of a $125,000 house with a $25,000 homestead exemption would see fire
taxes go up from $154 a year to $193.
The tax increase would pay for initial costs for fire trucks and equipment and other
capital expenses totaling $3.7-million, Johnson said. The tax would likely drop again, he
said, in the following two years as the county finances the remaining $2.8-million in
capital needs.
The county on Wednesday also left open the option to assess traditionally tax-exempt
entities such as schools, nonprofit groups and churches.
"I'm sorry, but we respond to each one of those facilities," Commissioner Peter Altmanesaid.
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Total Reported Municipal Revenues
Local Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2002
Revenue CateQorv Governmental Enterprise Total % of Total Per Capita
Total Taxes $ 4,312,779,536 $ 28.225,626 $ 4,341,005,162 31.6 $ 525.47
Property Taxes 2,322,252,312 2,381,826 2,324,634,138 16.9 281.39
Sales and Use Taxes 603,423.277 2,934,596 606,357,873 4.4 73.40
Franchise Taxes and Fees 415,167,132 16,272,979 431,440,111 3.1 52.23
Utility Service Taxes 676,362,968 3,432,357 679,795,325 5.0 82.29
Communications Services Taxes 259,271,616 702,680 259,974,296 1.9 31.47
Other Taxes 36,302,231 2,501.188 38,803,419 0.3 4.70
Total Licenses and Permits 330,093,199 5,647,737 335,740,936 2.4 40.64
Professional and Occupational 109,386,408 11.536 109,397,944 0.8 13.24
Building Permits 193,167,873 4,222.871 197,390,744 1.4 23.89
Other Licenses and Permits 27,538,918 1,413,330 28,952,248 0.2 3.50
Total Intergovernmental Revenues 1,729,308,906 46,165,596 1,775,474,502 12.9 214.92
Federal Grants 356,544,544 17,792,211 374,336.755 2.7 45.31
Federal Shared Revenues and PIL T 211,744 211,744 0.0 0.03
State Grants 192,922,027 20,162,605 213,084,632 1.6 25.79
State Shared Revenues and PIL T 877,128,326 1,041,130 878,169.456 6.4 106.30
Local Grants 104,287,263 6,826,661 111.113,924 0.8 13.45
Local Shared Revenues and PIL T 198,215.002 342,989 198,557,991 1.4 24.04
Total Charges for Services 1,894,531,888 4,073,509,234 5,968,041,122 43.5 722.43
General Government 91,645,680 3,174,145 94,819,825 0.7 11.48
Public Safety 213,343,529 20,307,152 233,650,681 1.7 28.28
Court Related 2,246,946 2.246,946 0.0 0.27
Electric 879,888,260 1,038,875,138 1.918,763,398 14.0 232.26
Gas 4,445,878 128,402,604 132,848,482 1.0 16.08
Water 14.262,524 621,390,856 635,653,380 4.6 76.95
Garbage and Solid Waste 106,247,004 480,039,318 586,286,322 4.3 70.97
Sewer 13,529,179 691,395,767 704,924,946 5.1 85.33
Water and Sewer Combination 166.169,270 707,160,078 873,329,348 6.4 105.72
Other Physical Environment 33,020,775 109,717,624 142,738,399 1.0 17.28
Transportation 134,894,088 125,996,169 260,890,257 1.9 31.58
Economic Environment 6,734,709 2,002,085 8,736,794 0.1 1.06
Human Services 1,858,539 7,816,192 9.674,731 0.1 1.17
Recreation and Culture 136,360,003 128,820,945 265,180,948 1.9 32.10
Other Charges for Services 89,885,504 8,411,161 98,296,665 0.7 11.90
Total Fines and Forfeitures 114,786,225 12,395,252 127,181,477 0.9 15.40
Total Miscellaneous Revenues 858,549,187 324,410,830 1,182,960,017 8.6 143.20
Interest Earnings 249,591,885 130,226,494 379,818,379 2.8 45.98
Rents and Royalties 94,438,657 25,902,401 120,341,058 0.9 14.57
Special Assessments and Impact Fee~ 183,089,947 91.491,203 274,581,150 2.0 33.24
Sales and Compo for Loss of Assets 54,496,215 4,209,391 58,705,606 0.4 7.11
Contributions and Donations 63,824,731 12,170,208 75,994,939 0.6 9.20
Other Miscellaneous Revenue 213,107,752 60,411,133 273,518,885 2.0 33.11
Total Revenues $ 9,240,048,941 $ 4,490,354,275 $ 13,730,403,216 100.0 $ 1,662.05
Notes:
(1) The acronym PIL T refers to Payments in Lieu of Taxes.
(2) These totals include data for the consolidated City of JacksonvillelDuval County government.
(3) The per capita calculation was made using the official 2002 statewide incorporated population estimate of 8,261,119.
(4) The number of reporting municipalities = 402.
Data Source: Florida Department of Financial Services.
Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations September 15. 2004
_=-0=1_ - -=,=-,-=-~"~~~~-=""",.".""",~=","==""""--~-,-,.-.,, =<c_,----=_<~-=_~""'"__""",""_,,-,,'"_=_=,....__~.,N=_'~-_,,___"-__,_~_~ ="____^=_._____._~o,,_x.=_- _____________n___"__
Total Reported Municipal Expenditures
Local Fiscal Year Ended September 30,2002
Expenditure Cateaorv Governmental Enterprise !Q!!! % of Total Per Capita
Total General Government Services $ 1,642,815,839 $ 22,652,628 $ 1,665,468,467 11.7 $ 201.60
Legislative 70,257,731 1,125,449 71,383,180 0.5 8.64
Executive 150,197,085 443,988 150,641,073 1.1 18.23
Financial and Administrative 574,345,852 8,912,175 583,258,027 4.1 70.60
Legal 69,652,656 73,790 69,726,446 0.5 8.44
Comprehensive Planning 143,141,960 91,058 143,233,018 1.0 17.34
Judicial 27,458,736 27,458,736 0.2 3.32
Other General Government Services 607,761,819 12,006,168 619,767,987 4.4 75.02
Total Public Safety 3,308,190,342 29,104,852 3,337,295,194 23.4 403.98
Law Enforcement 2,044,749,652 97,111 2,044,846,763 14.4 247.53
Fire Control 945,213,462 17,717,000 962,930,462 6.8 116.56
Detention and Correction 5,194,249 5,194,249 0.0 0.63
Protective Inspections 158,513,421 5,798,840 164,312,261 1.2 19.89
Ambulance and Rescue 97,952,050 5,050,224 103,002,274 0.7 12.47
Other Public Safety 56,567,508 441,677 57,009,185 0.4 6.90
Total Physical Environment 1,528,414,485 3,478,134,871 5,006,549,356 35.2 606.04
Electric 878,045,877 897,565,449 1,775,611,326 12.5 214.94
Gas 4,968,484 105,717,290 110,685,774 0.8 13.40
Water 13,988,782 336,171,785 350,160,567 2.5 42.39
Garbage and Solid Waste 114,469,800 505,803,392 620,273,192 4.4 75.08
Sewer 31,135,866 505,477 ,453 536,613,319 3.8 64.96
Water and Sewer Combination 200,500,328 1,029,754,628 1,230,254,956 8.6 148.92
Flood Control 43,794,378 50,364,243 94,158,621 0.7 11.40
Other Physical Environment 241,510,970 47,280,631 288,791,601 2.0 34.96
Total Transportation 1,215,348,934 193,716,708 1,409,065,642 9.9 170.57
Road and Street Facilities 913,796,966 39,988,994 953,785,960 6.7 115.45
Airports 77,563,813 48,869,561 126,433,374 0.9 15.30
Water Transportation 47,382,323 6,657,740 54,040,063 0.4 6.54
Transit Systems 114,258,300 25,897,924 140,156,224 1.0 16.97
Parking and Other Transportation 62,347,532 72,302,489 134,650,021 0.9 16.30
Total Economic Environment 492,189,381 6,355,205 498,544,586 3.5 60.35
Employment Development 4,982,668 4,982,668 0.0 0.60
Downtown and Industrial Development 103,920,323 3,509,213 107,429,536 0.8 13.00
Housing and Urban Development 289,537,465 2,198,658 291,736,123 2.0 35.31
Other Economic Environment 93,748,925 647,334 94,396,259 0.7 11.43
Total Human Services 180,825,271 8,252,652 189,077,923 1.3 22.89
Hospitals 30.707,026 70,244 30,777,270 0.2 3.73
Health 30,159,053 7,815,409 37,974,462 0.3 4.60
Mental Health 12,370,642 12,370,642 0.1 1.50
Welfare 5,217,566 3,320 5,220,886 0.0 0.63
Other Human Services 102,370,984 363,679 102,734,663 0.7 12.44
Total Culture and Recreation 1,133,121,855 179,441,056 1,312,562,911 9.2 158.88
Libraries 102,781,036 102,781,036 0.7 12.44
Park and Recreation 809,608,416 62,614,708 872,223,124 6.1 105.58
Other Recreation 220,732,403 116,826,348 337,558,751 2.4 40.86
Debt Services - Principal 791,518,183 29,341,327 820.859.510 5.8 99.36
Total Expenditures $ 10,292,424,290 $ 3,946,999,299 $ 14,239,423,589 100.0 $ 1,723.67
Notes:
(1 ) These totals include data for the consolidated City of Jacksonville/Duval County government.
(2) The per capita calculation was made using the official 2002 statewide incorporated population estimate of 8,261,119.
(3) The number of reporting municipalities = 402.
Data Source: Florida Department of Financial Services.
Florida Legislative Committee on 'ntergovernrnental Relations September 15, 2004
,-,~--I'... - =~='="'-~=-==-='=~~~--""""='''='^~'~ "--===<"=~~""";,.'.""O""'-"""''''''-~""",=.~''''~_''~''--'''~~~_'''''''''.=_,___~""~"'_._="~='-_"_
Total Reported County Revenues
Local Fiscal Year Ended September 30,2002
Revenue Cateaorv Governmental Enterprise Total % of Total Per Capita
Total Taxes $ 7,668,517,674 $ 120,787,306 $ 7,789,304,980 40.1 $ 489.62
Property Taxes 5,759,829,559 4,411,499 5,764,241,058 29.7 362.33
Sales and Use Taxes 1,314,140,651 111,640,868 1,425,781,519 7.3 89.62
Franchise Taxes and Fees 133,434,560 3,525,023 136,959,583 0.7 8.61
Utility Service Taxes 211.529,791 211,529,791 1.1 13.30
Communications Services Taxes 180,549,614 180,549,614 0.9 11.35
Other Taxes 69,033,499 1,209,916 70,243,415 0.4 4.42
Total Licenses and Permits 257,308,861 10,332,496 267,641,357 1.4 16.82
Professional and Occupational 47.416,727 221,427 47,638,154 0.2 2.99
Building Permits 165,317,439 9,611,655 174,929,094 0.9 11.00
Other Licenses and Permits 44,574,695 499,414 45,074,109 0.2 2.83
Total Intergovernmental Revenues 3,022,690,851 176,476,819 3,199,167,670 16.5 201.09
Federal Grants 913,075,017 99,857,781 1,012,932,798 5.2 63.67
Federal Shared Revenues and PILT 5,259,482 141,295 5,400,777 0.0 0.34
State Grants 438,834,887 71,679,480 510.514,367 2.6 32.09
State Shared Revenues and PIL T 1,603,265,283 373,521 1,603,638,804 8.3 100.80
Local Grants 44,015,469 4,424,742 48,440,211 0.2 3.04
Local Shared Revenues and PIL T 18,240.713 18,240,713 0.1 1.15
Total Charges for Services 1,792,244,415 4,321,412,860 6,113,657,275 31.5 384.29
General Government 656.212,835 2,289,312 658,502,147 3.4 41.39
Public Safety 509,053.457 23,332.479 532,385,936 2.7 33.46
Court Related 223,206,984 223,206,984 1.1 14.03
Electric 171,286 6,507,447 6,678,733 0.0 0.42
Gas
Water 121,165 228,466,253 228,587.418 1.2 14.37
Garbage and Solid Waste 30,788,549 953,326,305 984,114,854 5.1 61.86
Sewer 1,230,325 195.938,446 197,168,771 1.0 12.39
Water and Sewer Combination 34,930,839 914,958,772 949,889,611 4.9 59.71
Other Physical Environment 38,300,997 662,702 38,963,699 0.2 2.45
Transportation 53,237,845 998,986.055 1,052,223,900 5.4 66.14
Economic Environment 44.815,884 4,756,000 49,571,884 0.3 3.12
Human Services 33,975,149 933,012,380 966,987,529 5.0 60.78
Recreation and Culture 80,460,917 58,111,935 138,572,852 0.7 8.71
Other Charges for Services 85,738,183 1,064,774 86,802,957 0.4 5.46
Total Fines and Forfeitures 188,259,239 87,752 188,346,991 1.0 11.84
Total Miscellaneous Revenues 1,530,154,800 348,546,448 1,878,701,248 9.7 118.09
Interest Earnings 412,176,211 95,674,581 507,850,792 2.6 31.92
Rents and Royalties 41,170.574 11,107,518 52,278,092 0.3 3.29
Special Assessments and Impact Fee~ 623,997,458 137,027,088 761,024,546 3.9 47.84
Sales and Compo for Loss of Assets 47,236,732 8,772,682 56.009,414 0.3 3.52
Contributions and Donations 43,415,955 49,745,967 93,161,922 0.5 5.86
Other Miscellaneous Revenue 362,157,870 46,218,612 408,376,482 2.1 25.67
Total Revenues $ 14,459,175,840 $ 4,977,643,681 $ 19,436,819,521 100.0 $ 1,221.77
Notes:
(1) The acronym PIL T refers to Payments in Lieu of Taxes.
(2) These totals do not include data for the consolidated City of JacksonvillelDuval County government. The consolidated
government totals are reflected in the separate municipal table. The data for all other counties are reflected in these totals.
(3) The per capita calculation was made using the official 2002 statewide population estimate of 16,674,608 less the population
estimate of 765,826 for the consolidated City of Jacksonville/Duval County government.
Data Source: Florida Department of Financial Services.
Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations September 15, 2004
Total Reported Municipal Revenues
Local Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2002
Revenue Cateaorv Governmental Enterprise Total % of Total Per Capita
Total Taxes $ 4,312,779,536 $ 28,225,626 $ 4,341,005,162 31.6 $ 525.47
Property Taxes 2,322,252,312 2,381,826 2,324,634,138 16.9 281.39
Sales and Use Taxes 603,423,277 2,934,596 606,357,873 4.4 73.40
Franchise Taxes and Fees 415,167,132 16,272,979 431,440,111 3.1 52.23
Utility Service Taxes 676,362,968 3,432,357 679,795,325 5.0 82.29
Communications Services Taxes 259,271,616 702,680 259,974,296 1.9 31.47
Other Taxes 36,302,231 2,501,188 38,803,419 0.3 4.70
Total Licenses and Permits 330,093,199 5,647,737 335,740,936 2.4 40.64
Professional and Occupational 109,386,408 11,536 109,397,944 0.8 13.24
Building Permits 193,167,873 4,222,871 197,390,744 1.4 23.89
Other Licenses and Permits 27,538,918 1,413,330 28,952,248 0.2 3.50
Total Intergovernmental Revenues 1,729,308,906 46,165,596 1,775,474,502 12.9 214.92
Federal Grants 356,544,544 17,792,211 374,336,755 2.7 45.31
Federal Shared Revenues and PIL T 211,744 211,744 0.0 0.03
State Grants 192,922,027 20,162,605 213,084,632 1.6 25.79
State Shared Revenues and PIL T 877,128,326 1,041,130 878,169,456 6.4 106.30
Local Grants 104,287,263 6,826,661 111,113,924 0.8 13.45
Local Shared Revenues and PIL T 198,215,002 342,989 198,557,991 1.4 24.04
Total Charges for Services 1,894,531,888 4,073,509,234 5,968,041,122 43.5 722.43
General Government 91,645,680 3,174,145 94,819,825 0.7 11.48
Public Safety 213,343,529 20,307,152 233,650,681 1.7 28.28
Court Related 2,246,946 2,246,946 0.0 0.27
Electric 879,888,260 1,038,875,138 1,918,763,398 14.0 232.26
Gas 4,445,878 128,402,604 132,848,482 1.0 16.08
Water 14,262,524 621,390,856 635,653,380 4.6 76.95
Garbage and Solid Waste 106,247,004 480,039,318 586,286,322 4.3 70.97
Sewer 13,529,179 691,395,767 704,924,946 5.1 85.33
Water and Sewer Combination 166,169,270 707,160,078 873,329,348 6.4 105.72
Other Physical Environment 33,020,775 109,717,624 142,738,399 1.0 17.28
Transportation 134,894,088 125,996,169 260,890,257 1.9 31.58
Economic Environment 6,734,709 2,002,085 8,736,794 0.1 1.06
Human Services 1,858,539 7,816,192 9,674,731 0.1 1.17
Recreation and Culture 136,360,003 128,820,945 265,180,948 1.9 32.10
Other Charges for Services 89,885,504 8,411,161 98,296,665 0.7 11.90
Total Fines and Forfeitures 114,786,225 12,395,252 127,181,477 0.9 15.40
Total Miscellaneous Revenues 858,549,187 324,410,830 1,182,960,017 8.6 143.20
Interest Earnings 249,591,885 130,226,494 379,818,379 2.8 45.98
Rents and Royalties 94,438,657 25,902,401 120,341,058 0.9 14.57
Special Assessments and Impact Fee~ 183,089,947 91,491,203 274,581,150 2.0 33.24
Sales and Compo for Loss of Assets 54,496,215 4,209,391 58,705,606 0.4 7.11
Contributions and Donations 63,824,731 12,170,208 75,994,939 0.6 9.20
Other Miscellaneous Revenue 213,107,752 60,411,133 273,518,885 2.0 33.11
Total Revenues $ 9,240,048,941 $ 4,490,354,275 $ 13,730,403,216 100.0 $ 1,662.05
Notes:
(1) The acronym PIL T refers to Payments in Lieu of Taxes.
(2) These totals include data for the consolidated City of JacksonvillelDuval County government.
(3) The per capita calculation was made using the official 2002 statewide incorporated population estimate of 8,261,119.
(4) The number of reporting municipalities = 402.
Data Source: Florida Department of Financial Services.
Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations September 15, 2004
Total Reported Municipal Expenditures
Local Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2002
Expenditure Cateaorv Governmental Enterprise Total % of Total Per Capita
Total General Government Services $ 1,642,815,839 $ 22,652,628 $ 1,665,468,467 11.7 $ 201.60
Legislative 70,257,731 1,125,449 71,383,180 0.5 8.64
Executive 150,197,085 443,988 150,641,073 1.1 18.23
Financial and Administrative 574,345,852 8,912,175 583,258,027 4.1 70.60
Legal 69,652,656 73,790 69,726,446 0.5 8.44
Comprehensive Planning 143,141,960 91.058 143,233,018 1.0 17.34
Judicial 27,458,736 27,458,736 0.2 3.32
Other General Government Services 607,761,819 12,006,168 619,767,987 4.4 75.02
Total Public Safety 3,308,190,342 29,104,852 3,337,295,194 23.4 403.98
Law Enforcement 2,044,749,652 97,111 2,044,846,763 14.4 247.53
Fire Control 945,213,462 17,717,000 962,930,462 6.8 116.56
Detention and Correction 5,194.249 5,194,249 0.0 0.63
Protective Inspections 158,513,421 5,798,840 164,312,261 1.2 19.89
Ambulance and Rescue 97,952,050 5,050,224 103,002,274 0.7 12.47
Other Public Safety 56,567,508 441,677 57,009,185 0.4 6.90
Total Physical Environment 1,528,414,485 3,478,134,871 5,006,549,356 35.2 606.04
Electric 878,045,877 897,565,449 1,775.611,326 12.5 214.94
Gas 4,968,484 105,717,290 110,685,774 0.8 13.40
Water 13,988,782 336,171.785 350,160,567 2.5 42.39
Garbage and Solid Waste 114,469,800 505,803,392 620,273,192 4.4 75.08
Sewer 31,135,866 505,477,453 536,613,319 3.8 64.96
Water and Sewer Combination 200,500,328 1,029,754,628 1.230,254,956 8.6 148.92
Flood Control 43,794,378 50,364,243 94,158,621 0.7 11.40
Other Physical Environment 241,510,970 47,280,631 288,791,601 2.0 34.96
Total Transportation 1,215,348,934 193,716,708 1,409,065,642 9.9 170.57
Road and Street Facilities 913,796,966 39,988,994 953,785.960 6.7 115.45
Airports 77,563,813 48,869.561 126,433,374 0.9 15.30
Water Transportation 47,382,323 6,657,740 54,040,063 0.4 6.54
Transit Systems 114,258,300 25,897,924 140,156,224 1.0 16.97
Parking and Other Transportation 62.347,532 72,302,489 134,650,021 0.9 16.30
Total Economic Environment 492,189,381 6,355,205 498,544,586 3.5 60.35
Employment Development 4,982,668 4,982,668 0.0 0.60
Downtown and Industrial Development 103,920,323 3,509,213 107,429,536 0.8 13.00
Housing and Urban Development 289,537,465 2,198,658 291,736,123 2.0 35.31
Other Economic Environment 93,748,925 647,334 94,396,259 0.7 11.43
Total Human Services 180,825,271 8,252,652 189,077,923 1.3 22.89
Hospitals 30,707,026 70,244 30,777,270 0.2 3.73
Health 30,159,053 7,815,409 37,974,462 0.3 4.60
Mental Health 12,370,642 12,370,642 0.1 1.50
Welfare 5,217,566 3.320 5,220,886 0.0 0.63
Other Human Services 102.370,984 363,679 102,734,663 0.7 12.44
Total Culture and Recreation 1,133,121,855 179,441,056 1,312,562,911 9.2 158.88
Libraries 102,781,036 102.781,036 0.7 12.44
Park and Recreation 809.608,416 62,614,708 872,223,124 6.1 105.58
Other Recreation 220,732,403 116.826,348 337,558,751 2.4 40.86
Debt Services - Principal 791,518,183 29,341,327 820.859.510 5.8 99.36
Total Expenditures $ 10,292,424,290 $ 3,946,999,299 $ 14,239,423,589 100.0 $ 1,723.67
Notes:
(1) These totals include data for the consolidated City of JacksonviUelDuval County government.
(2) The per capita calculation was made using the official 2002 statewide incorporated population estimate of 8,261,119.
(3) The number of reporting municipalities = 402.
Data Source: Florida Department of Financial Services.
Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations September 15, 2004
Total Reported County Revenues
Local Fiscal Year Ended September 30,2002
Revenue Cateaorv Governmental Enterprise Total % of Total Per Capita
Total Taxes $ 7,668,517,674 $ 120,787,306 $ 7,789,304,980 40.1 $ 489.62
Property Taxes 5,759,829,559 4,411,499 5,764,241,058 29.7 362.33
Sales and Use Taxes 1,314,140,651 111,640,868 1,425,781,519 7.3 89.62
Franchise Taxes and Fees 133,434,560 3,525,023 136,959,583 0.7 8.61
Utility Service Taxes 211,529,791 211,529,791 1.1 13.30
Communications Services Taxes 180,549,614 180,549,614 0.9 11.35
Other Taxes 69,033,499 1,209,916 70,243,415 0.4 4.42
Total Licenses and Permits 257,308,861 10,332,496 267,641,357 1.4 16.82
Professional and Occupational 47,416,727 221,427 47,638,154 0.2 2.99
Building Permits 165,317,439 9,611,655 174,929,094 0.9 11.00
Other Licenses and Permits 44,574,695 499,414 45,074,109 0.2 2.83
Total Intergovernmental Revenues 3,022,690,851 176,476,819 3,199,167,670 16.5 201.09
Federal Grants 913,075,017 99,857,781 1,012,932,798 5.2 63.67
Federal Shared Revenues and PIL T 5,259,482 141,295 5,400,777 0.0 0.34
State Grants 438,834,887 71,679,480 510,514,367 2.6 32.09
State Shared Revenues and PIL T 1,603,265,283 373,521 1,603,638,804 8.3 100.80
Local Grants 44.015,469 4,424,742 48,440,211 0.2 3.04
Local Shared Revenues and PIL T 18,240,713 18,240,713 0.1 1.15
Total Charges for Services 1,792,244,415 4,321,412,860 6,113,657,275 31.5 384.29
General Government 656,212,835 2,289,312 658,502,147 3.4 41.39
Public Safety 509,053,457 23,332,479 532,385,936 2.7 33.46
Court Related 223,206,984 223,206,984 1.1 14.03
Electric 171,286 6,507,447 6,678,733 0.0 0.42
Gas
Water 121,165 228,466,253 228,587,418 1.2 14.37
Garbage and Solid Waste 30,788,549 953,326,305 984.114,854 5.1 61.86
Sewer 1,230.325 195,938,446 197,168,771 1.0 12.39
Water and Sewer Combination 34,930,839 914,958,772 949,889,611 4.9 59.71
Other Physical Environment 38,300,997 662,702 38,963,699 0.2 2.45
Transportation 53,237,845 998,986,055 1,052,223,900 5.4 66.14
Economic Environment 44,815,884 4,756,000 49,571,884 0.3 3.12
Human Services 33,975,149 933,012,380 966,987,529 5.0 60.78
Recreation and Culture 80.460,917 58,111,935 138,572,852 0.7 8.71
Other Charges for Services 85,738,183 1,064,774 86,802,957 0.4 5.46
Total Fines and Forfeitures 188,259,239 87,752 188,346,991 1.0 11.84
Total Miscellaneous Revenues 1,530,154,800 348,546,448 1,878,701,248 9.7 118.09
Interest Earnings 412,176,211 95,674,581 507,850,792 2.6 31.92
Rents and Royalties 41,170,574 11,107,518 52,278,092 0.3 3.29
Special Assessments and Impact Fee! 623,997,458 137,027,088 761,024,546 3.9 47.84
Sales and Compo for Loss of Assets 47,236,732 8,772,682 56,009,414 0.3 3.52
Contributions and Donations 43,415,955 49,745,967 93,161,922 0.5 5.86
Other Miscellaneous Revenue 362,157,870 46,218,612 408,376,482 2.1 25.67
Total Revenues $ 14,459,175,840 $ 4,977,643,681 $ 19,436,819,521 100.0 $ 1,221.77
Notes:
(1) The acronym PIL T refers to Payments in Lieu of Taxes.
(2) These totals do not include data for the consolidated City of Jacksonville/Duval County government. The consolidated
government totals are reflected in the separate municipal table. The data for all other counties are reflected in these totals.
(3) The per capita calculation was made using the official 2002 statewide population estimate of 16,674.608 less the population
estimate of 765,826 for the consolidated City of Jacksonville/Duval County government.
Data Source: Florida Department of Financial Services.
Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations September 15, 2004
Total Reported County Expenditures
Local Fiscal Year Ended September 30,2002
Expenditure Cateaorv Governmental Enterprise Total % of Total Per Capita
Total General Government Services $ 3,290,397,797 $ 1,621,257 $ 3,292,019,054 16.5 $ 206.93
Legislative 123.889,416 123,889,416 0.6 7.79
Executive 81,735,065 65 81,735,130 0.4 5.14
Financial and Administrative 980,584,225 1,606,554 982,190,779 4.9 61.74
Legal 64,949,588 64,949,588 0.3 4.08
Comprehensive Planning 115,219,700 115,219,700 0.6 7.24
Judicial 820,209.502 820,209.502 4.1 51.56
Other General Government Services 1,103,810,301 14,638 1,103,824,939 5.5 69.38
Total Public Safety 5,097,280,410 45,259,741 5,142,540,151 25.7 323.25
Law Enforcement 2,388,766,904 2,388,766,904 12.0 150.15
Fire Control 763,023,662 34,402 763,058,064 3.8 47.96
Detention and Correction 1,159,926,831 305,711 1,160,232,542 5.8 72.93
Protective Inspections 200,689,861 13,012,688 213,702,549 1.1 13.43
Ambulance and Rescue 255,226.527 31,899,470 287,125,997 1.4 18.05
Other Public Safety 329,646,625 7,470 329,654,095 1.7 20.72
Total Physical Environment 585,877,094 2,423,169,514 3,009,046,608 15.1 189.14
Electric 268,812 268,812 0.0 0.02
Gas
Water 1,534,061 162,094,966 163,629,027 0.8 10.29
Garbage and Solid Waste 74,511,870 1,148,929,184 1.223,441,054 6.1 76.90
Sewer 4,608,430 84,006,961 88,615,391 0.4 5.57
Water and Sewer Combination 59,628,980 1,009,521,710 1,069,150,690 5.4 67.21
Flood Control 86,230,137 15,393,278 101,623,415 0.5 6.39
Other Physical Environment 359,094,804 3,223,415 362,318,219 1.8 22.77
Total Transportation 1,648,924,906 1,422,161,533 3,071,086,439 15.4 193.04
Road and Street Facilities 1,493,187,134 42,597,492 1,535,784,626 7.7 96.54
Airports 11,071,080 726,162,186 737,233,266 3.7 46.34
Water Transportation 4,064,821 156,543,073 160,607,894 0.8 10.10
Transit Systems 116,958,671 490,971,400 607,930,071 3.0 38.21
Parking and Other Transportation 23,643,200 5,887,382 29,530,582 0.1 1.86
Total Economic Environment 771,001,768 87,097,424 858,099,192 4.3 53.94
Employment Development 22,230,772 22,230,772 0.1 1.40
Downtown and Industrial Development 154,396,466 79,680,867 234,077,333 1.2 14.71
Housing and Urban Development 468,499,335 7,416,557 475.915,892 2.4 29.92
Other Economic Environment 125,875,195 125,875,195 0.6 7.91
Total Human Services 1,133,615,790 1,227,034,364 2,360,650,154 11.8 148.39
Hospitals 47.867,393 1,224,415,613 1,272,283,006 6.4 79.97
Health 393,594,113 2,618,751 396,212,864 2.0 24.91
Mental Health 35,952,483 35,952,483 0.2 2.26
Welfare 185,550,824 185,550,824 0.9 11.66
Other Human Services 470,650,977 470,650,977 2.4 29.58
Total Culture and Recreation 1,246,480,859 29,309,266 1,275,790,125 6.4 80.19
Libraries 378,484,387 378,484,387 1.9 23.79
Park and Recreation 622,365,910 15,518,761 637,884,671 3.2 40.10
Other Recreation 245,630,562 13,790,505 259,421,067 1.3 16.31
Debt Services - Princioal 887,536,687 78,375,957 965.912,644 4.8 60.72
Total Expenditures $ 14,661,115,311 $ 5,314,029,056 $ 19,975,144,367 100.0 $ 1,255.60
Notes:
(1) These totals do not include data for the consolidated City of Jacksonville/Duval County government. The consolidated
government totals are reflected in the separate municipal table. The data for all other counties are reflected in these totals.
(2) The per capita calculation was made using the official 2002 statewide population estimate of 16,674,608 less the population
estimate of 765,826 for the consolidated City of JacksonvillelDuval County government.
Data Source: Florida Department of Financial Services.
Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations September 15, 2004
Total Reported Independent Special District Revenues
Local Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2002
Revenue CateQorv Governmental Enterprise Total % of Total
Total Taxes $ 1,072,627,127 $ 207,862,089 $ 1,280,489,216 18.2
Property Taxes 1,056,773,320 198,197,682 1,254,971,002 17.9
Sales and Use Taxes 9,502,440 9,502,440 0.1
Franchise Taxes and Fees
Utility Service Taxes 161,967 161,967 0.0
Communications Services Taxes
Other Taxes 15,853,807 15,853,807 0.2
Total Licenses and Permits 13,593,052 622,934 14,215,986 0.2
Professional and Occupational 632,690 632,690 0.0
Building Permits 895,098 895,098 0.0
Other Licenses and Permits 12,065,264 622,934 12,688,198 0.2
Total Intergovernmental Revenues 603,244,764 192,573,299 795,818,063 11.3
Federal Grants 135,265,694 66,009,420 201,275,114 2.9
Federal Shared Revenues and PIL T 17,113 17,113 0.0
State Grants 238,573,520 61,741,963 300,315,483 4.3
State Shared Revenues and PIL T 182,446,717 2,041,004 184,487,721 2.6
Local Grants 26,823,854 52,356,332 79,180,186 1.1
Local Shared Revenues and PIL T 20,117,866 10,424,580 30,542,446 0.4
Total Charges for Services 346,026,025 3,883,949,308 4,229,975,333 60.2
General Government 7,848,970 (212,906) 7,636,064 0.1
Public Safety 12,388,050 12,388,050 0.2
Court Related 255,892 255,892 0.0
Electric 61,503 65,098,565 65,160,068 0.9
Gas 46,927,816 46,927,816 0.7
Water 1,219,971 147,475,474 148,695,445 2.1
Garbage and Solid Waste 7,369 26,976,453 26,983,822 0.4
Sewer 4,643,857 77,449,606 82,093,463 1.2
Water and Sewer Combination 3,581,737 72,440,288 76,022,025 1.1
Other Physical Environment 3,057,497 26,782,529 29,840,026 0.4
Transportation 19,882,221 691,359,543 711,241,764 10.1
Economic Environment 5,301,769 46,770,768 52,072,537 0.7
Human Services 273,082,075 2,564,243,218 2,837,325,293 40.4
Recreation and Culture 6,687,474 66,142,559 72,830,033 1.0
Other Charges for Services 8,007,640 52,495,395 60,503,035 0.9
Total Fines and Forfeitures 634,492 4,292 638,784 0.0
Total Miscellaneous Revenues 506,022,189 193,919,948 699,942,137 10.0
Interest Earnings 57,740,186 98,612,464 156,352,650 2.2
Rents and Royalties 10,517,759 22,357,444 32,875,203 0.5
Special Assessments and Impact Fees 341,593,320 11,135,822 352,729,142 5.0
Sales and Compo for Loss of Assets 32,756,737 (3,746,627) 29,010,110 0.4
Contributions and Donations 43,089,952 5,755,994 48,845,946 0.7
Other Miscellaneous Revenue 20,324,235 59,804,851 80,129,086 1.1
Total Revenues $ 2,542,147,649 $ 4,478,931,870 $ 7,021,079,519 100.0
Notes:
(1) The acronym PILT refers to Payments in Lieu of Taxes.
(2) The number of reporting districts = 390.
Data Source: Florida Department of Financial Services.
Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations September 15, 2004
Total Reported Independent Special District Expenditures
Local Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2002
Expenditure Cateqorv Governmental Enterprise Total % of Total
Total General Government Services $ 257,379,693 $ 33,195,685 $ 290,575,378 4.1
Legislative 438,109 58,584 496.693 0.0
Executive 20,260,179 1,160,110 21,420,289 0.3
Financial and Administrative 162,126,553 15,349,831 177,476,384 2.5
Legal 6,115,643 1,096,510 7,212,153 0.1
Comprehensive Planning 1,226,802 3,046,289 4,273,091 0.1
Judicial 175,896 175,896 0.0
Other General Government Services 67,036,511 12,484,361 79,520,872 1.1
Total Public Safety 200,845,981 250,542 201,096,523 2.8
Law Enforcement 577,395 577,395 0.0
Fire Control 184,730,788 184,730,788 2.6
Detention and Correction
Protective Inspections 2,188,224 2,188,224 0.0
Ambulance and Rescue 11,258,829 11,258,829 0.2
Other Public Safety 2,090,745 250,542 2,341,287 0.0
Total Physical Environment 1,181,622,331 423,334,914 1,604,957,245 22.6
Electric 815,948 81,516,651 82,332,599 1.2
Gas 18,074 47,243,701 47,261,775 0.7
Water 2,560,052 83,284,639 85,844,691 1.2
Garbage and Solid Waste 150,046 25,729,816 25,879,862 0.4
Sewer 5,922,973 66,834,606 72,757,579 1.0
Water and Sewer Combination 3,724,001 99,755,886 103,4 79,887 1.5
Flood Control 366,607,889 3,337,140 369,945,029 5.2
Other Physical Environment 801,823,348 15,632,475 817,455,823 11.5
Total Transportation 141,366,671 835,984,689 977,351,360 13.8
Road and Street Facilities 83,474,408 139,974,460 223,448,868 3.2
Airports 153,277 421,132,374 421,285,651 5.9
Water Transportation 28,412,522 39,984,901 68,397,423 1.0
Transit Systems 29,210,604 225,305,086 254,515,690 3.6
Parking and Other Transportation 115,860 9,587,868 9,703,728 0.1
Total Economic Environment 53,836,223 98,263,373 152,099,596 2.1
Employment Development 8,776,767 8,776,767 0.1
Downtown and Industrial Development 2,088,291 5,795,662 7,883,953 0.1
Housing and Urban Development 42,557,365 92,148,588 134,705,953 1.9
Other Economic Environment 413,800 319,123 732,923 0.0
Total Human Services 520,183,104 2,862,114,047 3,382,297,151 47.7
Hospitals 339,057,975 2,830,043,244 3,169,101,219 44.7
Health 108,151,217 30,994,722 139,145,939 2.0
Mental Health 31,044 31,044 0.0
Welfare 6,187,601 745,325 6,932,926 0.1
Other Human Services 66,755,267 330,756 67,086,023 0.9
Total Culture and Recreation 59,898,449 79,583,047 139,481,496 2.0
Libraries 29,878,460 29,878,460 0.4
Park and Recreation 24,376,772 35,909,678 60,286,450 0.9
Other Recreation 5,643,217 43,673,369 49,316,586 0.7
Debt Services - Principal 310,075,496 31,612,566 341.688.062 4.8
Total Expenditures $ 2,725,207,948 $ 4,364,338,863 $ 7,089,546,811 100.0
Note: The number of reporting districts = 390.
Data Source: Florida Department of Financial Services.
Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations September 15, 2004
statutes-> Y iew Statutes-> 200 l->ChO 180->Section 13 5: Online Sunshine
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Constitution
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The 2001 Florida Statutes
Title XII Chapter 180 View Entire Chapter
Municipalities Municipal Public Works
180.135 Utility services; refusal or discontinuance of services for nonpayment of
service charges by former occupant of rental unit prohibited; unpaid service charges of
former occupant not to be basis for lien against rental property, exception.--
(l)(a) Any other provision of law to the contrary notwithstanding, no municipality may refuse
services or discontinue utility, water, or sewer services to the owner of any rental unit or to a
tenant or prospective tenant of such rental unit for nonpayment of service charges incurred by a
former occuDan~ of the rental unit; any such unpaid service charges incurred by a former occupant
will not be the basis for any lien against the rental property or legal action against the present
tenant or owner to recover such charges except to the extent that the present tenant or owner
has benefited directly from the service provided to the former occupant.
(b) This section applies only If the former occupant of the rental unit contracted for such services
with the municipality or if the municipality provided services with knowledge of the former
occupant's name and the period the occupant was provided the services.
(2) The provisions of this section may not be waived through any contractual arrangement
between a municipality and a landlord whereby the landlord agrees to be responsible for a tenant's
or future tenant's payment of service charges. .
(3) Any other provision of law to the contrary notwithstanding, any municipality may adopt an
ordinance authorizing the municipality to withdraw and expend any security deposit collected by
the municipality from any occupant or tenant for the provision of utility, water, or sewer services
for the nonpayment of service charges by the occupant or tenant.
(4) In any case where a tenant subject to part II of chapter 83 does not make payment for
service charges to a municipality for the provision of utility, water, or sewer services, the landlord
may thereupon commence eviction proceedings. Nothing in this section shall be construed to
prohibit a municipality from discontinuing service to a tenant who is in arrears 30 days or more, or
as required by bond covenant.
History.--s. 1, ch. 84-292; s. 1, ch. 88-332; s. 1, ch. 89-272.
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http://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm ? App _ mode=Disp1ay _ Statute&Search _ Strin... 12/20/2001
Exhibt A
.
VILLAGE OF WELLINGTON
WATER AND SEWER RATES AND CHARGES
October 2002
NOTE: OUTSIDE VILLAGE BOUNDARIES, ADD A 25% SUR-CHARGE TO ALL RA TES.{ CHARGES LISTED BELOW
(exception, delinquent charge, assessment charges, return check charge.{ unauthorized connections and tampering charge)
SINGLE METER RESIDENTIAL WATER & SEWER
Based on 5/8" and 1" meters
.~ Monthly Base Facility Rate
---- .
Cost Per Thousand Gallons
0- 8,000 Gallons
8,001 - 15,000 Gallons
15,001 - 25,000 Gallons
Over 25,000 Gallons
Water
13.75
Sewer
12.75
1.55
2.31
3.10
5.10
1.41
1041
MASTER METER RESIDENTIAL WATER & SEWER - PER UNIT
-- Monthly Base Facility Rate 11.60 10.60
,---->.
Cost Per Thousand Gallons
o - 6,000 Gallons 1.55 1.41
6,001 - 12,000 Gallons 2.31 1.41
12,001 - 20,000 Gallons 3.10
Over 20,000 5.10
COMMERCIAL & IRRIGATION
Monthly Base Facility Rate is determined by meter size
5/8" Meter 13.75 12.75
1" Meter 29.95 29.30
1 1/2" Meter 56.85 56.85
2" Meter 89.25 89.85
3" Meter 175.60 178.05
4" Meter 272.65 277.20
6" Meter 542.50 552.70
8" Meter 969.50 984.00
Commercial
0- 8,000 Gallons 1.55 1.41
8,001 - 15,000 Gallons 2.31 1.41
Over 15,000 Gallons 3.10 1.41
Irrigation Meter
0- 15,000 Gallons 2.31 NA
Over 15,000 Gallons 3.10 NA
...
/ VACANT LOT STANDBY CHARGE
All Vacant Lots with a Water/Sewer Connection 8.35 8.65
DEPOSITS, WATER METER, CAPACITY AND MISCELLANEOUS CHARGES
To find the total charge for a water meter, add the appropriate deposit, meter charge and water and/or sewer
capacity charges that pertain to the meter size required.
METER CHARGES & DEPOSITS BASED ON METER SIZE
Meter Size Meter Charge Builders Blanket
Deposit
$ 500.00
500.00
500.00
500.00
500.00
500.00
500.00
500.00
5/8 X 3/4 inch
I inch
1 1/2 inches
2 inches
3 inches
4 inches
6 inches
8 inches
$ 350.00
400.00
575.00
765.00
1,250.00
1,918.00
3,440.00
priced as needed
RESIDENTIAL CAPACITY CHARGES
5/8" X 3/4"
$1,660.00
1.890.00
$3,550.00
I"
$2,739.00
3.119.00
$5,858.00
Water
Sewer
TOTAL
1 112"
$5,561.00
6.332.00
$11,893.00
MASTER METER RESIDENTIAL ACCOUNTS
Water $1,330.00 per Equivalent Residential Unit
Sewer 1,510.00 per Equivalent Residential Unit
COMMERCIAL CAPACITY CHARGES
Water
1,660.00
4,150.00
8,300.00
13,280.00
26,560.00
41,500.00
83,000.00
132,800.00
5/8" x 3/4" meter
1 inch meter
I 1/2 inch meter
2 inch meter
3 inch meter
4 inch meter
6 inch meter
8 inch meter
$
MISCELLANEOUS CHARGES
New Account Charge
Return Check Charge
Or 5% Up to $50.00 whichever is Greater
Or 5% Up to Between $50.00 and $300.00
Or 5% Up to Over $300.00
Delinquent Charge (late payment)
Disconnect for Non-payment
Normal Hours
After Hours
Service Calls
Normal Hours
After Hours
Meter Test
Unauthorized Connections or Tampering, per Incident
for Investigation, Correction and Administration
Three or More Meter Installation Inspection or Sewer
Tap Inspections
Assessment Charges
Palm Beach County Recording Fees, liens/tax deeds
Grease Trap Inspections Fee
Backflow Preventer Inspection Fee
Sewer
$ 1,890.00
4,725.00
9,450.00
15,120.00
30,240.00
47,250.00
94,500.00
151,200.00
Homeowners
Water Sewer
70.00 60.00
110.00 90.00
220.00 180.00
335.00 265.00
750.00 600.00
1,050.00 850.00
2,400.00 1,900.00
3,750.00 3,000.00
2"
$ 8,881.00
10.112.00
$18,993.00
Total
$ 3,550.00
8,875.00
17,750.00
28,400.00
56,800.00
88,750.00
177,500.00
284,000.00
$ 25.00
25.00 or 5% not to exceed $40.00
25.00
30.00
40.00
Greater of2% or $5.00
25.00
50.00
15.00
50.00
40.00
300.00
25.00
10.00
40.00
40.00
30.00
Total
130.00
200.00
400.00
600.00
1,350.00
1,900.00
4,300.00
6,750.00
NOTE: RATES ARE REVIEWED PERIODICALLY AND ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE.
01/30/2002 12:14
5617985397
has stUck in the open position. We will turn off your
watet at no charge, but we do need 24 hours notice..
You can 'either call our Customer Service Center or
write us listing the.dates water is to be tutned off
and again restored. Please plan to .have your service
restored the day beflmo you arrive home.
Exception: Absentee residents who need water
available for automatic Ipriolder 1)'StCD1S, ~
repairs and pool maintcnanc:e should not apply for
this 5elVice. However, it is reeoo:unended that
customers in this situation turn their house valve off
\WeD they leave the area. This actiol1 wnt prevent
cry leakage or water damage to the interior of your
home.
StoPDiD2 Set"Viee .
r.. If you am anoving IIld wish to discontinue sen'icc.
please notify us at least 3 days b1 advance of the
requested _ of discoDDe<:tion. We will need a
forwarding ac1dtess to ensure that you receive your
final bill mid my mnllmn,g deposit. Customers are
responsible for all dwges associated with 1he
service address until the service is pennanently
disconnected. This occ:un when. tenant's lease
exp~ or the sale of the pmpert)' by the owner to
anothcrparty. .
SPECIAL rURPOSE FEES
The following special pwpose fees may appear on
your biUmd Ire elpbWtcd below.
New ACC01Ult Charge: $20.00 appears on the first
bill at your new address
Base Fadllty Rate for Service AvailabiUty:
$13.15 for water and $12.15 for wastewater are base
rate . avaUability' -c:hmges. siDce the Utility is
required to provide, opcnte and maintain extensive
facilities on demand, the customer whether they are
. . ..
WELLINGTON
PAGE 05
..... '" ~..' ..~ :.. t.
living there or Dot must pay Ibis base rate for
availabibty.
,
Return Check Fee: $25.00 or S% of the check.
whichever is greater, for a dishonored check
Late Payment Penalty: $5.00 or 2% charge (which
ever is glUtel') ~ billed to the aceoont when
payment is not m:eived by the due date.
Remnnection Fee: $24.00 office hours and $42.00
after hours. weekends and holidays to m:onneet
service after disconncdioa for 11000-pa)'Jlleut or any
other violation of a rule or regulation.
Meter Test Fee: $27.00 for en accuracy test to be
perfonncd on. a Watel' meter
Premises Visit: $10.00 for a field visiL Three
exceptions:
1. a once . year waivCc .
2. if the visit is request as a result or high
usage to check for leaks
3. to turn the meter on "off when the
residence ~ ttmpomily empty
Tampering Charge; $300.00 is assessed per
Incident to each account for unauthorized
connection or tampering with the Utilities property.
Surcharge: 2S% is .assessed on all water,
wastewater and miscellaneous rates, fi:es, and
charges to consumcr:s located outside the boundaries
of the Village ofW~lliDgtOl1.
UNSCHEDULED SERVICE INTERRUPTIONS
We strive to provide utility service 24 hours per day,
365 days per year. On occasion, however, your
service ana)' be Interrupted due to line breaks or
emergency Rpain.
Vi' II c..:~?j (:;f We \ \ \ Y\<Jl0 r,
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PART II CODE OF ORDINANCES
Chapter 74 UTILITIES.
ARTICLE I. IN GENERAL
Sec. 74-9. Deposits.
Sec. 74-9. Deposits.
(a) Required; amount. Before rendering service, the city shall require from the customer a deposit to
secure payment of bills. The amount of such deposit shall be according to the following table, or such
.Iarger amount as the finance director determines is necessary to provide adequate security considering
individual circumstances. Such deposits may be held by the city until final settlement of the customer's
account. The city may require an additional deposit from a customer, based on the customer's payment
record.
GUARANTY DEPOSIT
TABLE INSET:
Meter Size Owner Tenant
(inches)
5/8 X 3/4 $ 125.00 $ 250.00
1 175.00 350.00
11/2 250.00 500.00
2 300.00 600.00
3 600.00 1,200.00
4or6 1,100.00 2,200.00
Fire hydrant meter 450.00
Nonrefundable installation/renewal
charge, $25.00
(b) Refunds. After an owner whose property is situated within the city limits has established a
'satisfactory record and has had continuous service for a period of not less than 24 months, the city will
credit the deposit to the customer's account, provided the customer has not in the preceding 12 months:
(1) Paid with a check refused by a bank;
(2) Been disconnected for nonpayment;
(3) Tampered with the water meter; or
(4) Used service in a fraudulent or unauthorized manner.
Guaranty deposit refunds to eligible customers will be made at the next billing cycle after qualification. The
deposit shall be credited to the customer's account, unless a direct refund is requested by the customer.
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(c) Refunds for rental property. Tenant customers shall not be entitled to deposit refunds under this
section. All tenant deposits shall be credited to the tenant's final bill. The owner of a rental property may
receive a deposit refund, provided:
(1) He has met the good credit stipulations stated in subsection (b) of this section;
(2) The rental property is tenant-occupied so that the owner is not receiving current bills, and the
tenant has paid the required deposit; and
(3) A written request for a refund is received at least 30 days prior to the due date of the deposit
credit.
No deposits shall be directly refunded once they have been applied to the account.
(d) Tenant deposit with owner guarantee. With a written agreement from the owner of rental property
'guaranteeing payment of all utility charges in excess of $125.00, a tenant's deposit shall be $125.00. The
city shall notify both the owner and the tenant when the tenant's account becomes delinquent.
(Code 1982, S 19-10)
Sec. 74-10. Water and sewer rates.
(a) Schedule of charges. There is hereby established the following schedule of charges for the use, or
.reasonable availability for use, of the services of the city water and wastewater system. The monthly
demand plant capacity charge is for the reasonable availability for the use of the system and shall be due
regardless of whether the system is actually used.
(1) Water service:
a. Monthly demand capacity charge:
1. Single-family residential (charge per unit) . . . $ 7.21
2. Multifamily residential (charge per unit, including condominium, apartment or
manufactured home, on 3/4-inch or greater meter) . . . 6.13
Billing cost for each invoice. . . 2.50
3. Nonresidential meter size (inches):
>
3/4, . . 7.21
1 . . . 18.02
11/2' . . 36.03
2 . . . 86.47
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PART II CODE OF ORDINANCES
Chapter 74 UTILITIES.
ARTICLE I. IN GENERAL
Sec. 74-10. Water and sewer rates.
3...216.17
4 . . . 324.25
Hospital. . . 2,801.27
4. Billing cost for each monthly utility bill . . . 2.50
b. Monthly consumption charge (dollars per 1,000 gallons), all users. . . 3.00
(2) Sewer service:
a. Monthly demand capacity charge:
1. Single-family residential (charge per unit) . . . $ 8.81
2. Multifamily residential (charge per unit, including condominium, apartment or
manufactured home, on 3/4-inch or greater meter) . . .7.49
3. Nonresidential meter size (inches):
3/4, . . 8.81
1 . . . 22.03
11/2...44.05
2. . . 105.71
3 . . . 264.28
4 . . . 396.42
Hospital. . . 3,424.69
b. Monthly consumption charge (dollars per 1,000 gallons), all users. . . 3.56
.(b) Rereading charge. A fee of $5.00 for all rereads will be levied on the monthly utility bill if the monthly
reread verifies the original reading was accurate.
(c) Review and adjustment of wastewater rates. The wastewater service rates set forth in this section
'shall be reviewed annually and adjusted as necessary to maintain compliance with state and federal
regulatory requirements governing wastewater user charges.
(Code 1982, 9 19-13; Ord. No. 98-44, 9 1,12-8-98)
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Sec. 74-11. Sewer rate for premises not connected to city water system.
The following charges and rates for wastewater service are hereby imposed when buildings are not
connected to the water system:
Monthly consumption charge:
{1} Residential service. . . $23.03
{2} Multifamily residential service. . . 21.71
{3} Nonresidential service: To be determined by the city based on estimated water consumption.
(Code 1982, 9 19-14; Ord. No. 98-44,92, 12-8-98)
Sec. 74-12. Bills for water and sewer charges; appeal of disputed charges; delinquent accounts.
(a) Billing. All water and wastewater bills and notices shall be delivered to the customer by mail and shall
be for such period of service as shall be determined by the city finance department. The bill shall notify the
'customer of the right to appeal a disputed charge, provided that the appeal is filed in writing with the
director of finance no later than the due date stated on the bill. The failure to file a written appeal within the
time provided shall constitute a waiver of the right to contest the bill.
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ROSALIND !lOLDING CO. v. ORLANDO UTILITIES COM'N Fla. 1209
Cite as, f1a.App., 402 So.2d 1209
In'.. 291 So." 3:>2. 32'1-9 (Fla. 4th DCA and (3) hnlding ",mp"ny failoo to ",tabli,h
1974). hy prepondecan'" of "ideo'" that the Com-
The jodgment i, therefo,e AFFIRMED. mi"ioo w", ,,,ning ao ox",,,ive profit, 0'
that its rates were unreasonably high for
the years in issue; (4) assuming that the
Commission was really setting its rates to
earn 15% rate of return in equity, this fig-
ure exceeded Commission's range of reason-
ableness, or certainly was on extremely
high side of range; however, rates may be
higher than Commission's "reasonable"
range but still not be confiscatory and arbi-
trary; and (5) award of costs to Commission
as prevailing party would be affirmed.
Affirmed.
U~'/);tl~S -7
\
\
I
!
ERVIN, J., and OWEN, WILLIAM C.,
Jr., (Retired) Associate Judge, concur.
1. Public Service Commissions e=33
Person seeking to attack in the courts
the rates charged by a utility has burden of
showing that the rates are outside or be-
yond the "zone of reasonableness," as estab-
lished by the evidence, and not necessarily
by the Public Service Commission, so as to
be confiscatory or discriminatory.
2. Public Service Commissions e=7.10
Absent a controlling statute, a munici-
pal utility, like any other utility, is entitled
to earn a reasonable rate of return on its
capital, and its rates may be set so that it
earns a rate of return on its equity compa-
rable to other similar businesses.
3. Public Service Commissions e=7.9
In class action suit against Utilities
Commission and city, holding company
failed to establish that the Commission's
inclusion of the "in lieu of tax" payments to
county as an operating expense was arbi-
trary or unreasonable.
4. Public Service Commissions e=25
In holding company's class action suit
against Utilities Commission and city, hold-
ing company failed to establish by prepon-
derance of evidence that Commission was
earning an excessive profit, or that its rates
were unreasonably high for years in issue,
5. Public Service Commissions G=7.10
In holding company's class action suit
against Utilities Comrnission and city
~
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ROSALlND HOLDING COMPANY,
etc., Appellant,
v.
The ORLANDO UTILlTIES COMMIS-
SION, et at, Appellee.
Nos. 79-129S/T4-596; S0-9.
District Court of Appeal of Florida,
Fifth District.
July 22, 1981.
Rehearing Denied Sept. II, 1981.
\
\
\
Holding company brought class action
suit against Utilities Commission and city.
The Circuit Court, Orange County, William
C, Gridley, J., held that holding company
failed to prove utility rates charged by
Commission were unreasonable and confis-
catory, and holding company appealed.
The District Court of Appeal, Sharp, J"
held that: (1) person seeking to attack in
court the rates charged by utility has the
burden of showing that rates are outside or
beyond the zone of reasonableness as estab-
lished by the evidence, and not necessarily
by t~e <?>~mission, so as to be confiscatory
or dlscrlmmatory and absent a controlling
st~t.ute,.a municipal utility, like any other
utlhty, IS entitled to a reasonable rate of
retur~ on capital and its rates may be set so
that It earns a rate of return on its equity
com~arable to other similar businesses; (2)
holdmg company failed to establish that
Commission's inclusion of the "in lieu of
tax" payments to county as an operating
expense was arbitrary or unreasonable:
~
,
\
I
\
1210 Fla.
402 SOUTHERN REPORTER, 2d SERIES
commis~
seeking
chargecJ
showing
yond tho
tablishe.
ily by t:
I discrimi
ute, a rr
ty, is el
I return (
; set so t'
i
I equity c
I es.9
1
I Rosal
made b
lieu of
of fran,
City of
expense
expense
crease t
rate of
other n
ties are
4. COOl
So.2d
Oltma
and 6-
(1972)
S. Moh
1976);
Co., J
McQu!
(1970)
6. Fed,
Co., 3
(1944)
129 (F
v. Cit.l
DCA
Am.J\.
Annol
7. Mia.
152 F
Pomp.
4th D.
son vi!
see E
585 (I
(Fla. I
Comn
modil
500 (I
(1972
FI... (
wherein holding Company claimed that utili-
ty rates charged by Commission were un-
reasonable and confiscatory, holding compa-
ny failed to show that 13.5% rate of return
on equity used by Utilities Commission in
setting its rates Was unreasonable or arbi-
trary. West's F.S.A. ~ 366.04(2); Laws
1923, c. 9861.
6. Public Service Commissions (';;:::,25
In holding company's class action suit
against Utilities Commission and city,
\
wherein holding Company claimed that utili-
ty rates charged by Commission were un-
reasonable and confiscatory, litigation costs
Would be taxed against holding company as
representative of class action, despite claim
that Such amount had been included in
rates as Operating eXpense.
StePhen P. Kanar, Winter Park and
Charles Evans Davis of.. Fishback, Davis,
Dominick & Bennett, Orlando, for appc/-
lant.
J. Thomas Gurney, Leon Handley and
Thomas B. Tart of Gurney, Gurney &
Handley, P.A., Orlando, for appellee, Orlan-
do Utilities Commission.
Richard W. Bates and Gray, Adams, Har-
ris & Robinson, Orlando, for appellee, Or-
ange County.
Robert L. Hamilton, Orlando, for appel_
lee, The City of Orlando.
for the years 1970 through 1978 were un-
reasonable and confiscatory. The court as-
scssed Rosalind with taxable costs of
$8,624.67, which Rosalind also appeals. Af-
ter an extensive review of the record in this
case, we affirm the lower court on both
grou nds.
The OUC Was created in 1923 by a special
act of the legiSlature, Chapter 9861, Laws
of Florida (1923), as a part of the City of
Orlando. Its purpose is to operate and
manage the City's electrical and water utili-
ties both inside and outside the boundaries
of thc City.2 The Commission is empow_
ereci to set the utility rates, and the City is
required to pay for any OUC utilities it
uses. During the period 1970 through June
1974, Florida excluded municipaJJy owned
utilities t)-om regulation by the Florida
Public Service Commission (PSC).3 Effec-
tive July I, 1974, section 366.04(2), Florida
Statutes, Was added to give the PSC power
over municipal electric utilities. '. "(b) [t]o
prescribe a rate structure for aJJ electric
utilities '" and (f) [t]o prescribe and re-
quire the filing of periodic reports and oth-
er ciata as may be reasonably available and
as necessary to exercise its jUrisdiction."
Since 1978 the OUC has filed its reports
with the PSC, but as yet no regulations
concerning rate structure have been pro-
mulgated by the PSC.
SHARP, Judge.
Rosalind Holding Company appeals from
a final jUdgment denying it any relief in .i~s
class action suit J against the Orlando UtIli-
ties Commission and the City of Orlando.
The lower Court held that Rosalind failed to
prove the utility rates charged by the OUC
I In the Orlando Uti/ities Commission v. Rosa.
'Jjnd Holding, 330 So.2d 56 (Fla. 4th DCA 1976),
the Fourth District Court ruled th~t. ~he Com.
plaint alleging that the Orlando Utilities Com-
mission had charged its customers unreason-
able rates, filed by Rosalind as a memb~r of the
class, stated a cause of action. Rosalind IS a
"resident" of the City of Orlando and an OUC
customer. The OUC has approximately 80.000
. consumers of its utilities s~rvic~s. The stand-
ing of Rosalind to bring thiS SUit, and the pro-
[1,2] In contrast to a public service
commission, which is designed to regulate
and set reasonable rates for utilities and
require certain methods of calculating rea-
sonable rates, the Courts have a much more
limited function. Setting rates and meth-
ods to calculate them is a legislative func-
tion, whether it is done by a public service
priety of the suit as a class action, were deter-
mined in the prior appeal and are therefore the
"law of the case."
2. Ch. 10968, Laws of Fla. (1925).
3. Edris v. Sebring UtiI. Comm'n, 237 So.2d 585
(Fla 2d DCA), cert. denied, 240 So.2d 643 (Fla.
1970); ~~ 366.02, 366.11, 367.022, F1a.Stat.
(1979).
ROSALIND HOLDING CO. v. ORLANDO UTILITIES COM'N Fla. 1211
Cite as, Fla.App" 402 So.2d t209
un-
_ as-
of
Af-
this
)()th
commission or the OUC board.4 A person
seeking to attack in the courts the rates
charged by a utility has the burden of
showing 5 that the rates are outside or be-
yond the "zone of reasonableness," 6 as es-
tablished by the evidence, and not necessar-
ily by the PSC, so as to be confiscatory or
discriminatory.7 Absent a controlling stat-
ute, a municipal utility, like any other utili-
ty, is entitled to earn a reasonable rate of
return on its capital 8 and its rates may be
set so that it earns a rate of return on its
equity comparable to other similar business-
es.'
~cial
aws
" of
and
tili-
nes
ow-
Rosalind argued that certain payments
made by the OUC to Orange County "in
lieu of taxes" and payments in the nature
of franchise fees paid by the OUC to the
City of Orlando were improper operating
expenses, and if disallowed as operating
expenses, the results would substantially in-
crease the OUC's income, and therefore its
rate of return <>n eapital, far above what
other municipal utilities and private utili-
ties are allowed to earn. Rosalind also ar-
Y IS
S it
une
ned
Aida
fec-
'ida
wer
[t]o
tric
re-
)th-
ind
4. Cooper v. Tampa Elec. Co.. 154 Fla. 410, 17
So.2d 785 (1944); City of Pompano Beach v.
Oltman, 389 So.2d 283 (Fla. 4th DCA 1980);
and 64 Am.Jur.2d, Public Utilities ~~ 80. 89
(1972).
)n."
lrts
ons
Iro-
5. Mohme v. City of Cocoa, 328 So.2d 422 (Fla.
1976); Miami Bridge Co. v. Miami Beach Ry.
Co., 152 Fla. 458, 12 So.2d 438 (1943); 12 E.
McQuillin, Municipal Corporations, ~ 35.37a
(1970).
'Ice
ate
LOd
ea-
:>re
th-
6. Federal Power Comm'n v. Hope Natural Gas
Co., -320 U.S. 591, 64 S.Ct. 281, 88 L.Ed. 333
(1944); Cooksey v. Utilities Comm'n, 26t So.2d
129 (Fla.1972); PinelJas Apartment Ass'n., Inc.
v. City of St. Petersburg, 294 'So.2d 6'R:i (Fla. 2d
DCA t974); ~ 180.t3(2). Fla.Stat. (1979); 64
Am.Jur.2d Public Utilities ~~ 135, 190 (1972);
Annot., 127 A.L.R. 94 (1940).
nc-
Ice
.er-
the
7. Miami Bridge Co. v. Miami Beach Ry. Co.,
152 Fla. 458, 12 So.2d 438 (1943); City of
Pompano Beach v. Oltman, 389 So.2d 283 (Fta.
4th DCA 1980); Clay Util. Co. v. City of Jack.
sonville, 227 So.2d 5t6 (Fla. 1st DCA 1969);
see Edris v. Sebring Util. Comm'n, 237 So.2d
585 (Fla. 2d DCA), cert. denied, 240 So.2d 643
(Fla. 1970); WichIta Gas Co. v. Public Servo
Comm'n of Kan., 2 F.Supp. 792 (D.Kan.1933).
modified, 290 U.S. 561. 54 S.Ct. 321. 78 L.Ed.
500 (1934); 64 Am.Jur.2d Public Utilities ~ 86
(1972); 29 C.J.S. Electricity ~ 33 (1965).
;85
'Ia.
at.
Fla.Cu~s 401 402So.2d-I6
gUl.'(l that the OUC should not have been
allow(.'(l to set its rates so as to earn as high
a return on its equity as an investor-owned
utility. The OUC argues that these mat-
ters relate to the method of calculating
rates and not to the reasonableness of the
rates themselves. Obviously the method of
calculating rates impacts on their reasona-
bleness, and it is a proper subject for judi-
cial review.tO We shall consider each point
raised by Rosalind separately.
I. "IN LIEU OF TAX" PAYMENTS
MADE BY ORLANDO UTILITIES
COMMISSION TO ORANGE COUN-
TY.
Thc record established that the OUC.
made payments totalin~ approximately
$1,114,000 to Orlmge County from 1973
through 1978. The amount of each annual
paymcnt was based on 1% of the retail sales
of electricity to the OUC's customers out-
side the City of Orlando, but within Orange
County. Witnesses for the OUC testified
8. The parties all agree that basing rates on
"cost of capital" is the most universally adopt-
ed and reasonabte method in the industry. The
OUC has emptoyed this method in setting its
rates.
9. Federal Power Comm'n v. Hope Natural Gas
Co., 320 U.S. 591, 64 S.Ct. 281, 88 L.Ed. 333
(t944); City of Logansport v. PUblic Serv.
Comm'n of Ind., 202 Ind. 523, 177 N.E. 249,76
A.L.R. 838 (1931).
10. In re Permian Basin Area Rate Cases, 390
U.S. 747, 88 ~S.Ct. 1344, 20 L.Ed.2d 312 (1968)
(reviewed method of regutation); Banton v.
Belt Une R. Corp., 268 U.S. 413, 45 S.Ct. 534,
69 LEd. IOZO (t925) (reviewing operating ex-
penses); Wichita Gas Co. v. Public Serv.
Comm'n of Kan., 2 F.Supp. 792 (D.Kan.I933),
modified, 290 U.S. 561, 54 S.Cl. 321, 78 L.Ed.
500 (1934) (reviewed proper operating 'ex.
penses and fair rate of return on utility proper-
ty); Shevin V. Yarborough, 274 So.2d 505 (Fla.
1973) (reviewed methoo to calculate rate base,
inclusion of items in operating expenses); City
of Miami v. Florida Public Servo Comm'n, 208
So.2d 249 (Fla. 1968) (reviewed method to com.
pute rate of return); Hawaiian Elec. C~., Inc.,
56 Haw. 260. 535 P.3d 1102, 83 A.L.R.3d 951
(1975) (reviewed "promotional" expenses as
operating expenses); State v. Department of
Pub. Serv., 19 Wash.2d 200, 142 P.2d 498
(1943) (reviewed operating expenses).
<
1
!
I i
1212 Fla.
402 SOUTHERN REPORTER, 2d SERIES
that these payments were somewhat less
than a private utility would have paid Or-
ange County for ad valorem taxes based on
the value of OUC's property located within
Orange County, and that the payments
were for police and fire protection and oth-
er services afforded the utility by the Coun-
ty.
Rosalind argued that the City's property
could not legally be taxed by the County
absent a general statute,1I which does not
now exist, that the amount paid to Orange
County was not a valid obligation of the
OUC, but rather was a "gift", and therefore
it should not serve to reduce the OUC's
income by allowing the utility to treat it as
an operating expense.
Expert witnesses for the OUC testified
that it was not an uncommon practice in
other states for tax exempt utilities to
make "tax-equivalent" payments to local
governmental bodies providing them with
vahiable services. Faiiure to make such
payments would have the effect of discrimi-
nating against the county taxpayers be-
cause they presumably would have to pay
through higher taxes for the free services
received by the utility.
We have found no controlling precedent
in Florida on this point. In some jurisdic-
tions, such payments are not allowed. 12
However, the PSC has approved the pay-
ment of "reasonable" charitable contribu-
tions by regulated utilities and the inclusion
of these amounts in operating expenses of
the utility for purposes of calculating rea-
II. Art. VII, ~ 3(a), Fla.Consl.
12. State v. Department of Pub. Serv., 19
Wash.2d 200, 142 P.2d 498 (1943).
13. City of Miami v. Florida Pub. Servo Comm 'n.
208 So.2d 249 (Fla. I 968). See also In re Peti.
tions of Burlington Elec. Light Dep't, 135 VI.
114,373 A.2d 514 (1977); 56 Am.Jur.2d Munic-
ipal COrporation ~ 583 (1971).
14. See Occidental Chem. Co. v. Mayo, 351
So.2d 336 (Fla. I 977).
15. In re Petitions of Burlington Elec. Light
Dep't, 135 Vt. 114, 373 A.2d 514 (977).
18. Shevin v. Yarborough. 274 So.2d 505 (Fla.
1973); Columbus & S. Ohio Elec. Co. v. Public
sonable rates.13 The allowance or disallow-
ance of such "in lieu of tax" payments as
operating expenses for purposes of deter-
mining the rate structure or rate base of a
utility is a matter more appropriate for
determinAtion by the PSC than the courts 14
where the payments (as in this case) are
reasonable in amount for the purpose in-
tended, are actually made, and are made
pursuant to a reasonable ground or basis. IS
[3J We conclude that Rosalind failed to
establish that the OUC's inclusion of the "in
lieu of tax" payments to Orange County as
an operating expense was arbitrary or un-
reasonable.16
t
a
a
p
n
t,
f.
II. "FRANCHISE" PAYMENTS
MADE BY OUC TO THE CITY OF
ORLANDO.
[4J The record showed that since 1970,
the OUC has been paying to the City of
Orlando substantial annual payments 17 la-
beled "franchise-equivalent" fee. The OUC
pays the franchise fee to Orlando in addi-
tion to profits earned by the OUC.IS For
example, in 1973, $1,442,561 was paid to the
City of Orlando as a franchise fee and the
OUC also paid the City $5,542,000 in profits.
The OUC keeps as retained earnings about
as much as it pays Orlando in profits.
The OUC shows the franchise fee as an
operating expense, which reduces its net
operating income. However, there is no
franchise agreement between the City and
the OUC. Further, the OUC witnesses ad-
<
p
S
2.
st
s~
n.
at
Fi
ut
In
ut
0,
eq
I
ea
op
ne
th;
hi~
to
all
bit
est
de!
siv
bl.;
Uti!. Comm'n of Ohio, 58 Ohio St.2d 120, 388
N.E.2d 1378 (1979).
17. Approximately $2 million per year.
18. The amount of the fee is based roughly on
6% of the revenues earned in Orlando. Six
percent for a true franchise fee is fairly stan-
dard in Florida. Florida League of Cities, Mu.
nicipal Utilities in Florida 122, 123 (1974). We
note that the PSC now required real franchise
fees to be paid only by the consumers in the
cities charging the fees. City of St. Petersburg
v. Hawkins. 366 So.2d 429 (Fla. I 978). How-
ever, this is an area of discretion available to
the PSG. In any event we do not consider the
OUC's franchise fee as a real franchise pay-
ment.
19.
u
tI
IT"
in
20.
I:
C
l).;
ROSALIND HOLDING CO. v. ORLANDO UTILITIES COM'N Fla. 1213
Cite as, Aa.App., 402 So.2d 1209
,;allow-
'nts as
deter-
,;e of a
Lte for
lurts .4
;e) are
'Ise in-
made
Ilasis.ls
mitted that the franchise fee was treated as
additional income on the OUC's reports
filed with the Federal Power Commission
and on its official bond statements, and
that these funds would be available to pay
bonds or other "real" operating expenses if
needed.
Rosalind argues that the OUC's treat-
ment of the franchise fee as an operating
expense is an improper method to mask
additional profits. Since the OUC is in
actuality part of the City of Orlando, no
payment to a third party is possible. It is
merely a transfer of funds from one pocket
to another. We agree that the franchise
fee should be considered as additional OUC
profit. See City of Logansport v. Public
Servo Comm'n of Ind., 202 Ind. 523, 177 N.E.
249, 76 A.L.R. 838 (1931).
However, assuming the franchise fee con-
stitutes additional profits to the OUC, and
should in fact be treated as such, this does
not, by itself, establish that the OUC's rates
are unreasonable. Municipal utilities in
Florida are entitled to earn a profit on their
utilities operations, and some municipalities
in Florida take a higher percentage of the
utility's profit into general revenues than
Orlando does, even including the franchise-
equivalent payment. I'
No witness testified that the OUC was
earning an excessive amount of profit on its
operations. Further, the one expert wit-
ness for Rosalind was not allowed to testify
that the OUC's rates were unreasonably
high, and he admitted he was not qualified
to so testify. The OUC's expert witnesses
all testified the OUC's rates were reasona-
ble. We conclude that Rosalind failed to
establish by a preponderance of the evi-
dence that the OUC was earning an exces-
sive profit, or that its rates were unreasona-
bly high for the years in issue. See Killion
iled to
the "in
Intyas
or un-
tENTS
TY OF
. 1970,
'ity of
,; 17 la-
l' OUC
1 addi-
< For
to the
nd the
Irofits.
about
~
/
as an
ts net
IS no
~y and
;es ad-
20, 388
~hly on
,). Six
" stan-
'5. Mu-
I). We
lnchise
in the
'rsburg
How-
.lbJe to
Jer the
e pay-
19. The City of Jacksonville receives 30% of its
utility's gross revenue. In an extreme case,
there may arise the specter of a tax-free town
made wealthy by its utilities operations both
inside and outside its political limits.
20. In re Pennian Basin, 390 U.S. 747. 88 S.Ct.
1344, 20 L.Ed.2d 312 (1968); Federal Power
Comm'n v. Hope Natural Gas Co., 320 U.S. 591,
64 S.Cl. 281, 88 L.Ed. 333 (1944).
402 So.2d-28
\'. City of Paris, 192 Tenn. 446, 241 S.W.2d
524 (1951).
III. WAS THE 13.5% RATE OF RE-
TURN ON EQUITY USED BY OR-
LANDO UTILITIES COMMIS-
SION IN SETTING ITS RATES
SHOWN TO BE UNREASON-
ABLE AND ARBITRARY?
[5] The record showed that the OUC
used the rate of 13.5% in calculating the
needed rate of return on equity in setting
its rates for the years in question. The
testimony established that the rate of re~
turn among investor-owned Florida utilities
from 1972 to 1977 ranged from 12.75% to
16.35%, and that the PSC had established
from 13% to 15% as a "reasonable" zone.
Both appellant and appellees agree that' a
utility should be allowed to earn a reasona-
ble rate of retum on its equity,2G but they
disagree what industry earnings standard
should be applied.
Rosalind argued that because the OUC is
a city-owned utility, the court should not
consider the rate of return on equity al-
lowed to privately owned utilities. Some
states' public service commissions do not
allow municipal utilities to receive as high a
rate of return -as a private utility!1 because
they pay no taxes, are able to' raise. funds
through bonds at lower interest rates, and
their "stockholders," or cities who take'
their profits, pay no taxes either. Rosalind
showed that the average rate of return on
equity for municipal utilities, as shown in a
1973 Federal Power Commission Report,%2
was only 8.1%. The expert witness for Ro-
salind also testified that a municipal utility
should not earn a rate of return on equity
higher than 6% to 9%, and that OUC's cal-
culations based on 13.5 would make its rates
unreasonable.
:,1
!
. ,
,I
h
.1.
I'
f
'j
J,
,.
21. In re Petitions of Burlington Elec. Ught
Dep't, 135 Vt. 114, 373 A.2d 514 (1977); In re
Wanakah Water Co., No. 24511 (N.Y. P.S.C.
March 26, 1968).
22. Federal Power Commission. Statistics .of
Publicly Owned Electric Utilities in the United
States 1973 (1974).
1214 Fla.
402 SOUTHERN REPORTER, 2d SERIES
However, experts for the oue testified
that the oue's operations are more compa-
rable to the private utilities in Florida be-
cause of its size and the fact that it has a
substantial generating capacity. The mu-
nicipal utilities in the Federal Power Com-
mission's Report were considerably smaller
than the oue and many had no generative
capacity. At least one public service com-
mission allowed a city utility a rate of re-
turn on equity comparable to private indus-
try,23 and the courts in our jurisdiction fre-
quently equate municipal utilities with pri-
vately owned utilities.u Where there is
conflicting expert testimony concerning the
proper rate of return on equity standard to
be applied to municipal utilities, we cannot
say the lower court erred in finding for the
oue on this point.25 We note however,
that this is precisely the type of ruling
relating to rate structure that the pse
should determine.26
Rosalind's expert witness testified that if
the Orlando franchise fee was treated as
profit as we conclude it should be, then the
oue was earning approximately a 16% rate
of return on equity rather than 13.5%. The
oue's witnesses conceded that disallowance
of such a large "operating expense" would
indeed affect the OUC's income yield per-
haps as much as 2%. Assuming the OUC is
really setting its rates to earn 16% rate of
return on equity, this figure exceeds the
PSC's range of reasonableness, or certainly
23. Re Municipality of Anchorage d/b/a An-
chorage Water Utility, 19 PUR 4th 278 (Alaska
Pub. Uti!. Comm'n February 28, 1977).
24. Hamler v. City of Jacksonville, 97 Fla. 807,
122 So. 220 (1929); Edris v. Sebring Util.
Comm'n 237 So.2d 585, cert. denied, 240 So.2d
643 (Fla. 1970); 12 E. McQuillin, Municipal Cor-
porations ~ 35.37a (1970).
25. Columbus S. Ohio Elec. v. Public Util.
Comm'n of Ohio, 58 Ohio St.2d 120.388 N.E.2d
1378 (1979).
26. The expert witness from the PSC expressly
refused to answer this Question.
27. Government owned municipals are con.
sidered by authorities to foster lower rates in
private utilities because of lower rate competi-
tion. R. Hellman. Government Competition in
the Electric Utility lndustry-A Theoretical and
Empirical Study 39 (1972). In this case Orlan-
sits on the extremely high side of the
range.27 However, rates may be higher
than the PSC's "reasonable" range but still
not be confiscatory and arbitrary.28 Al-
though this is a close question, we are reluc-
tant to rule that one percentage point top-
ples the OUC into the confiscatory or exces-
sive range.2!I
IV. COSTS.
[6] Finally Rosalind argues that litiga-
tion costs 30 should not be taxed against it
as the representative of the class action
because such amount has been included in
the rates as an operating expense and
therefore has been assessed to the OUC's
consumers through regular bills for service.
We find this argument to be without merit,
and consequently affirm the award of costs
to the oue as the prevailing party.31
AFFIRMED.
ORFINGER, J., and WALKER, GRIS-
SIM H., Associate Judge, concur.
€'
do Utilities Commission has disproved the
norm.
~
28. "A reasonable rate is one that falls within a
'zone of reason' ... it is a field, and not a
mathematical point." Wichita Gas Co. v. Pub-
lic Servo Comm'n, 2 F.Supp. 792. 799 (D.Kan.
1933), modified. 290 U.S. 561, 54 S.Ct. 321, 78
L.Ed. 500 (1934). See also Banton v. Belt Line
R. Corp., 268 U.S. 413, 45 S.Ct. 534, 69 L.Ed.
1020 (1925); 64 Am.Jur.2d Public Utilities
~ 190 (1972).
d
P
n
t!
f,
\,.
29. City of Pompano Beach v. Oltman, 389
So.2d 283 (Fla. 4th DCA 1980).
\\
. ti
t,
f,
30. Rosalind does not dispute the amount of
costs--$8,624.67.
&
31. ~ 57.041, Fla.Stat. (1979).
R
Page 1 of3
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Advisory Legal Opinion
Number: AGO 89-11
Date: February 28, 1989
Subject: Authority to impose utility tax
Mr. William G. Law, Jr.
Attorney for City of Groveland
Post Office Box 57
Groveland, Florida 32736
Dear Mr. Law:
You have asked the following question:
Is the City of Groveland authorized to ~pose a utility
tax of 10 percent on the first $500 per month for
residential users, 10 percent on the first $1,000 for
commercial users, and 10 percent on the first $5,000
for industrial or manufacturing users?
In sum:
The City of Groveland is not authorized to establish a
cap which would exempt from taxation that portion of
the service generating tax revenue in excess of a
max~um monetary cap.
Section 166.231, F.S. (~988 Supp.), empowers municipalities
to levy a public service tax on the purchase of
electricity, metered or bottled gas, and water service, as
well as telecommunication services and competitive
services. (FN1) The statute provides in part:
The tax shall be levied only upon purchases within the
municipality and shall not exceed 10 percent of the
payments received by the seller of the taxable item
from the purchaser for the purchase of such service.
(FN2)
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Page 2 of3
Section 2, Art. VIII, State Const., gives municipalities
"home rule powers" which may be exercised for any valid
municipal purpose, llexcept as otherwise provided by law,ll
however, the taxing power of municipalities is not derived
from this constitutional provision. The origin of municipal
taxing power and the l~itations on its exercise are found
in ss. l(a) and 9(a), Art. VII, State Const., and such
general or special laws relating to other taxes as the
Legislature may enact. (FN3) In the exercise of its taxing
power, a municipality is l~ited to that taxing power
conferred expressly, or by necessary ~lication. (FN4)
Generally, therefore, a municipality has no inherent power
to exempt from taxation property which it is authorized by
statute or charter to tax, since, with some exceptions,
delegation of the power to tax does not include the power
to exempt from taxation or the power to remit or compromise
a tax. (FNS)
The tax cap by the City of Groveland has the effect of
exempting from taxation that portion of the taxable value
of the electricity service generating tax revenue in excess
of the cap. (FN6) Section 166.231, F.S. (1988 Supp.),
provides several specific exemptions to the public service
tax. (FN7) However, no exemption of the type proposed by
the city is recognized by the statute. It is a settled rule
of statutory construction that the express mention of one
thing in a statute ~plies the exclusion of another. (FN8)
Section 166.231, F.S. (1988 Supp.), and s. 166.232, F.S.,
authorize a municipality to levy a public service tax but
do not authorize or otherwise empower a municipality to
exempt from taxation that portion of the service generating
tax revenue in excess of an established monetary cap. Nor
can such a substantive power be ~plied from the power
granted in s. 166.231, F.S. (1988 Supp.), and s. 166.232,
F.S.
Thus, it is my op~n~on that the City of Groveland may not
provide a max~um monetary cap per monthly billing period
for those items or services taxable pursuant to s. 166.231,
F.S. (1988 Supp.).
Sincerely,
Robert A. Butterworth
Attorney General
(gh)
------------------------
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Page 3 of3
FN1 See, s. 166.231(1) (a), (2), and (9), F..S. (1988 Supp.).
FN2 Section 166.231(1) (a), F.S. (1988 Supp.). See also, s.
166.231(9) (a)l. and 2., F.S. (1988 Supp.), providing a cap
of 10 percent and 7 percent respectively on the monthly
recurring customer service charges for local telephone
service and intrastate telecommunication services. And see,
s. 166.232, F.S., which grants a municipality the option to
levy the tax authorized under s. 166.231, F.S. (1988
Supp.), on a physical unit basis when applied to
electricity, metered or bottled gas (natural liquefied
petroleum gas or manufactured), fuel oil, kerosene, and
water.
FN3 See, AGO's 80-87 and 79-26 concluding that a
municipality has no home rule powers with respect to the
levy or excise of non-ad valorem taxes and exemptions
therefrom, as the exercise of all such taxing power must be
authorized by general law.
FN4 See, AGO 79-26.
FN5 16 McQuillin Municipal Corporations s. 44.65 p. 204.
FN6 See, AGO 87-45 concluding that the City of Vernon could
not provide for a max~um tax of $25 per monthly billing
for those items or services taxable pursuant to s. 166.231,
F.S. (1986 Supp.), because such a cap constituted an
unauthorized exemption for the amount of utility services
over $25.
FN7 See, e.g., s. 166.231(3), F.S. (1988 Supp.), which
allows municipalities to exempt from taxation any amount up
to, and including, the first 500 kilowatt hours of
electricity purchased per month for residential use.
FN8 Thayer v. State, 335 So.2d 815, 817 (Fla.1976).
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Page 1 of 4
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Advisory Legal Opinion
Number: AGO 87-45
Date: May 19, 1987
Subject: Authority to place cap on public service tax
Mr. Tyrone E. May
City Attorney
City of Vernon
610 West Beach Drive
Panama City, Florida 32401
Dear Mr. May:
You have asked the following questions:
(1) MAY THE CITY OF VERNON, AFTER ENACTING A PUBLIC
SERVICE TAX OF 6 PERCENT PER TAXABLE ITEM OR SERVICE ON
ELECTRICITY, BOTTLED AND METERED GAS, FUEL OIL, AND
TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES, PROVIDE FOR A MAXIMUM TAX
OF $25 PER MONTHLY BILLING OF EACH TAXABLE ITEM OR
SERVICE OF ELECTRICITY, BOTTLED AND METERED GAS, FUEL
OIL AND TELEGRAPH SERVICES?
(2) IF SUCH A CAP IS PERMISSIBLE, MAY THE CITY OF
VERNON PROVIDE THAT THE $25 TAX CAP BE APPLICABLE ONLY
TO THOSE ITEMS ENUMERATED IN s. 166.231(1) (a), F.S.
(1986 SUPP.) (ELECTRICITY, BOTTLED OR METERED GAS,
WATER SERVICE), AND NOT LOCAL TELEPHONE SERVICE, walCH
WOULD BE TAXED AT 6 PERCENT WITH NO CAP?
QUESTION ONE
You state that the city of Vernon recently enacted a public
service tax pursuant to s. 166.231, F.S. The tax rate has
been set at 6 percent. According to your letter, the City
Council is interested in placing a monthly cap of $25 per
taxable item or service, although the 6 percent base rate
would remain in effect up to the tax yield of $25. You
inquire whether the city has the authority, in light of the
exemptions in s. 166.231, to provide an additional
exemption for all taxes from the purchase of electricity,
bottled and metered gas, fuel oil, and telegraph services
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Page 2 of 4
exceeding $25.
Section 166.231, F.S. (1986 Supp.), authorizes
municipalities to levy a public service tax on the purchase
of electricity, metered or bottled gas (natural liquefied
petroleum gas or manufactured), and water service, as well
as telecommunication services and competitive services.
See, s. 166.231(1) (a) (2) and (9). Subsection (1) (a) of s.
166.231, F.S. (1986 Supp.), in part provides:
The tax shall be levied only upon purchases [of
electricity, metered or bottled gas (natural liquefied
petroleum gas or manufactured) and water service]
within the municipality and shall not exceed 10 percent
of the payments received by the seller of the taxable
item from the purchaser for the purchase of such
service.
See also, s. 166.231(9) (a)l. and 2., providing a cap of 10
percent and 7 percent respectively on the monthly recurring
customer service charges for local telephone service and
intrastate telecommunication services. And see, s. 166.232,
F.S., which grants a municipality the option to levy the
tax authorized under s. 166.231, F.S., on a physical unit
basis when applied to electricity, metered or bottled gas
(natural liquefied petroleum gas or manufactured), fuel
oil, kerosene, and water.
A monthly tax cap of $25 per taxable item or service, in
effect, exempts from taxation that portion of the taxable
value of the item or service generating tax revenue in
excess of $25. Section 2, Art. VIII, State Const., gives
municipalities "home rule powers" which may be exercised
for any valid municipal purpose, "except as otherwise
provided by law." However, the taxing power of
municipalities is not derived from s. 2(b), Art. VIII,
State Const; rather, the origin of such taxing power and
the l~itations on its exercise are found in ss. l(a) and 9
(a), Art. VII, State Const., and such general or special
laws concerning other taxes as may be enacted by the
Legislature. See, AGO's 80-87 and 79-26 concluding that a
municipality has no home rule powers with respect to the
levy of excise or non-ad valorem taxes and exemptions
therefrom, as all such taxing power must be authorized by
general law. In exercising its taxing power, a municipality
is l~ited to that taxing power expressly, or by necessary
~plication, conferred. See, AGO 79-26. Thus, as a general
rule, "a municipality ... has no inherent power to exempt
from taxation property which it is authorized by statute or
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Page 3 of 4
charter to tax, since, with some exceptions, delegation of
power to tax does not include power to exempt from taxation
or power to remit or compromise taxes...." 16 McQuillin
Municipal Corporations s. 44.65 p. 204. S~ilarly, without
legislative authority, a municipality may not contract away
its power to ~pose taxes or ~ose taxes only under
certain conditions. Eastern Shores v. City of North ~ami
Beach, 363 So.2d 321, 323 (Fla.1978).
Section 166.231, F.S., sets forth several exemptions to the
public service tax. See, e.g., s. 166.231(3), allowing
municipalities to exempt from taxation any amount up to,
and including, the first 500 kilowatt hours of electricity
purchased per month for residential use. The exemptions do
not, however, provide for a $25 tax cap on the public
service tax. It is a well settled rule of statutory
construction that the express mention of one thing in a
statute ~plies the exclusion of another. Thayer v. State,
335 So.2d 815, 817 (Fla.1976).
Sections 166.231 and 166.232, F.S., grant a municipality
the power to levy the public service tax. The sections do
not authorize or otherwise empower the municipality to
exempt from taxation that portion of the service generating
tax revenue in excess of $25. Nor can such a substantive
power be implied from the power granted in ss. 166.231 and
166.232, F.S. Accordingly, I am of the opinion that the
City of Vernon may not provide for a max~um tax of $25 per
monthly billing of those items or services taxable pursuant
to s. 166.231, F.S. (1986 Supp.).
QUESTION TWO
In light of my response to your first question, it is
unnecessary to respond to your second question. But see,
AGO 79-26, stating that the conjunctive language of SSe
166.231 and 166.232, F.S., precludes a municipality from
choosing which of the enumerated services it will tax on a
percentage rate basis and which services will be taxed on a
physical unit basis.
In summary, I am of the op1n1on that a municipality in
levying a public service tax pursuant to s. 166.231, F.S.
(1986 Supp.), on the purchase of utility services, may not
provide an exemption for that portion of the utility
service which would generate tax revenue in excess of $25
per item or service in a monthly billing.
Sincerely,
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Page 40f4
Robert A. Butterworth
Attorney General
Prepared by:
Lagran Saunders
Assistant Attorney General
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261 So.2d I.
(Cite as: 261 So.2d 1)
H
Supreme Court of Florida.
CITY OF TAMPA, a municipal corporation, and
Logan D. Browning, as Comptroller
of the City of Tampa, Petitioners,
v.
BIRDSONG MOTORS, INC., et aI., Respondents.
No. 39871.
March 10, 1972.
Suit by automobile dealers against city and its
comptroller to enjoin enforcement and collection of
tax levied by city ordinance. The Circuit Court,
Hillsborough County, granted motion to dismiss
complaint with prejudice without leave to amend and
plaintiffs appealed. The District Court of Appeal,
Second District,~}5 So.2d 318. reversed and
remanded and certiorari was brought. The Supreme
Court, Roberts, C.J., held that municipal ordinance
imposing license tax based upon gross sales of
retailers for 12 months immediately preceding license
year was a sales tax, even though merchants could
elect not to continue in business during following
~ear and avoid the tax, and city had no authority to
Impose the tax.
Writ of certiorari theretofore issued discharged.
Dekle, J., dissented with opinion.
West Headnotes
ill Municipal Corporations €=>956(1)
268k956( I) Most Ciled Cases
Taxation by a municipality must be expressly
authorized by either constitution or grant of
legislature and any doubts as to powers sought to be
exercised must be resolved against thc municipality
and in favor of general public.
III Municipal Corporations €=>958
268k958 Most Cited Cases
Statutes authorizing a municipality to tax are to be
strictly construed, are not to be cxtended by
implication, and are not to be enlarged so as to
include any matter not specifically included, even
though the matter may be closely analouous to that
included. '"
Page 2
I}J Municipal Corporations €=>956(1)
~68k956( IJ t0os1 Cited Case::;
Except for ad valorem taxes, municipalities may be
granted power to levy any tax only by general law.
f.S.A.Collsl. .11'1. 7,JJi..l,~.
ill Municipal Corporations €=>956(1)
268k956( I) Most Cited Cases
Any municipal tax, except for ad valorem tax, not
a~thorized by general law must necessarily fall by
vIrtue of preemption clause of Constitution.
F.S.A.Collst. art. 7, ~ ~ I,~.
~ Licenses €=>6
2J8k6 Mosl Cited Cases
(Formerly 238k6(13))
Statute authorizing eity to raise by tax upon real and
personal property and by license on professions,
business and occupations all sums of money which
may be required for the improvement and good
government of city does not authorize a license tax
measured by gross sales. L~,~LLfJ7.41.
LC!l Constitutional Law €=:? 15
~2k 15 Mosl Citet.L~~~I:."-Si
Provision of article of Constitution of 1968 to effect
that status of municipalities, their power, jurisdiction
and government should continue until changed in
accordance with law was not intended to vitiate the
effect of any other article of Constitution of 1968 and
performed only function of operating as schedule for
the article. F.S.A. ~ ~ 167.43, 212.0XI;
F.S.A.Collsl. art. 7. ~. ~ I,~; arl. 8, ~ ~ I etseq., (;,
6(b). .
I}J Constitutional Law €=> 15
211~l~~v.:Ll!2 t C i 1_~~H_:~.I~Si
If possible, effcct should be givcn to every part and
every word of the Constitution and, unless there is
some reason to the contrary, no portion should be
treated as superfluous, meaningless or inoperative.
1B.1 Taxation €=>120t.1
J.:U.l~.!..~-'-J. ~~)stJ:.'ited Case~
(Formerly 371k1201, 238k6(13), 238k6)
Municipal ordinance imposing license tax measured
by a retailer's gross sales for 12 months immediately
preceding license year was a "sales tax," even though
Copr. (iJ West 2002 No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works
26 I So.2d I.
(Cite as: 261 So.2d 1)
merchants could elect not to continue in business
during following year and avoid the tax and city had
no authority to impose the tax. P.S.A.Const. art. 5, ~
4(2); art. 7, ~ ~ 1,2; art. X. ~ ~ I et seq., ~, 6(11);
P.S.A. ~ ~ 167.43, 212'<)81, 212'()81(3) (II); Sp.Acts
1961, c. 2927.
*2 William Reece Smith, Jr., City Atty., for
petitioners.
Chas. S. Ausley, of Ausley, Ausley, McMullen,
McGehee & Carothers, Tallahassee hassee and Sam
Bucklew, of Bucklew, Ramsey & Stichter, Tampa,
for respondents.
Robert M. Ervin, Joseph C. Jacobs and Thomas M.
Ervin, Jr. of Ervin, Pennington, Yarn & Jacobs,
Tallahassee, for The Grand Union Co., amicus curiae.
Ralph A. Marsicano, Tampa, General Counsel for
Florida League of Municipalities, amicus curiae.
ON REHEARING GRANTED
ROBERTS, Chief Justice.
Petitioners seek review of a decision of the Second
District Court of Appeal, Birdsong Motors, Inc. v.
City of Tampa, 235 SO.2d 318. Conflict is alleged
with Sm ith v. City of M iam i. 160 Fla. 306, 34 So.2d
544 (1948), and Southern Bell Tel. & Tel. Co. v.
Town of Surfside. 186 So.2d 777 (Fla.. 1966). We
have jurisdiction pursuant to Fla.Const. Art. V, s
4(2). r.S.A.
Certain automobile dealers, engaged in the business
of selling motor vehicles as retail merchants in the
City of Tampa, filed their complaint against the City
of Tampa and its Comptroller to enjoin the
enforcement and collection of a tax levied by the City
of Tampa and to enjoin the defendants from
inspecting the books and records of the dealers
relating to the amount of tax due and owing.
Respondents attacked the validity of a tax, originally
enacted by the City in 1954 as Ordinance No. 1708--
A (now compiled code s 21--50) as follows:
'Sec. 21--50. Tax levied; payment required; amounts
to be paid.
'A license tax is hereby levied upon and shall be
collected from every person, firm or corporation
exercising the privileges or carrying on or engaging
in the businesses, professions, or occupations
hereinafter specifically enumerated, as fixed
hereinafter; each such amounts unless otherwise
specifically stated, being the amount payable as a
Page 3
license tax for exercising such privilege or carrying
on or engaging in such business, profession, or
occupation mentioned for each, and it shall be
unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation, to
carryon or engage in any business, occupation or
profession herein prescribed and designated
without *3 having first paid the license tax as
provided herein or complied with the terms hereot:
as follows:
'(b) License tax based on gross sales--retail and
merchants. The license tax on every retail
merchant, whether any other license tax is required
by any subsection of th is section or not, shall be
measured by the amount of gross sales made by
such merchant and shall be figured and arrived at
as follows: Returns shall be made to the city
treasurer showing amount of gross sales for the
twelve months period ending July 31 st,
immediately preceding the license year, which
returns shall be filed with the city treasurer not
later than th irty days after said Ju Iy 3 I st, and on the
first three thousand dollars or less the license tax
shall be .....10.00. On each one thousand dollars of
gross sales or major fraction thereof above three
thousand dollars .....1.00.'
Lum Taxation by a city must be expressly
authorized by either the constitution or grant of the
Legislature, and any doubts as to the powers sought
to be exercised must be resolved against the
municipality and in favor of the general public.
Certain Lots, Etc. v. Town of Monticdlo, 151) 1;la.
134, 31 So.2e1 905 (11)47). Statutes authorizing a
municipality to tax are to be strictly construed, are
not to be extended by implication, and are not to be
enlarged so as to include any matter not specifically
included, even though said matter may be closely
analogous to that included. City of Miami v.
KaylClz, 158 Fla. 758, 30 So.2d 521 (11)47).
Prior to adoption of the Florida Constitution of 1968,
the authority of a city to impose taxes could be
enacted by special or local act (as in its Charter
which is approved as a special law). Smith v. City of
Miami, supra. Under the Constitution of Florida
adopted in 1968, this authorization for a city to tax
must hereafter 'be authorized by general law,' except
in the case of ad valorem taxes.
f1a.Cons~,- Art.-.-YJ0_.---LJl.2{~1 provides in part as
follows:
'(a) No tax shall be levied except in pursuance of
law. No state ad valorem taxes shall be levied
upon real estate or tangible personal property. All
other forms of taxation shall be preempted To the
state except as provided by general law.'
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261 So.2d I.
(Cite as: 261 So.2d 1)
(emphasis ours).
Flu.Consl. Arl. VII, s <) (1968), similarly limits the
tax ing authority of mun icipal ities:
'(a) Counties, school districts, and Municipalities
shall, and special districts May, be authorized by
law to levy ad valorem taxes and May be
authorized by general law to levy other taxes, for
their respective purposes, except ad valorem taxes
on intangible personal property and taxes
prohibited by this constitution.' (emphasis ours).
After carefully reconsidering the briefs and the
record, we conclude that the decision of the Second
District Court of Appeal is correct.
Will From the foregoing provisions of the Florida
Constitution it is clear that, except for ad valorem
taxes, municipalities may be granted the power to
levy any tax only by general law. Thus, the question
presented is whether the tax imposed by the City of
Tampa is authorized by general law. Any tax not
authorized by general law must necessarily fall by
virtue of the preemption clause of FIa.Collst. Arl.
VII. s 1 (1968).
r:la.Slal. s 167.43, F.S.A., deals with the powers of a
city. It provides, inter alia:
'The city or town council may raise, by tax and
assessment upon all real and personal property, and
by license on professions, business and occupations
carried on within the corporation, all sums of
money which may be required for the *4
improvement and good government of the city, and
for carrying out the powers and duties herein
granted and imposed; and enforce the receipt and
collection of the same in the manner now provided
by the laws of the state for the assessment and
collection of state taxes and licenses.'
An additional statute pertinent to the decision here is
Fla.Stat. s 212.081 (3) (b), F.S.A. It reads, inter alia:
'It is also the legislative intent that there shall be no
pyramiding or duplication of excise taxes levied by
the state under this chapter and no municipality
shall levy and excise tax upon any privilege,
admission, lease, rental, sale, use or storage for use
or consumption which is subject to a tax under this
chapter unless permitted by general law; provided,
however, that this provision shall not impair valid
municipal ordinances which are in effect and under
which a municipal tax is being levied and collected
on July I, 1957.'
By virtue ofCh. 61--2927, Laws of Florida (1961),
the power of the City of Tampa to levy taxes is
Page 4
controlled byIJ!I:~Ii.l!:-'.'i._~.11JlJ!J and ~1(l}...:~!:},I:~:~:J\.
A close analysis of the above-quoted statutes leads
us to the conclusion that the general laws of Florida
do not authorize the tax in question. The disputed tax
is denom inated as a license tax on retai I merchants
and is measured by gross sales of the merchant
during the preceding fiscal year. The taxpayer is
taxed $10.00 for the first $3,000 in sales and $1.00
for every $1,000 in sales thereafter. The taxes are
levied over and above the flat license tax paid by the
respondents for the privilege of operating an
automobile dealership.
ill rla.Slal. s 212.08 I, F.S.A. prohibits the cities
from imposing a sales tax, and s 167.43 is no
authority for such a 'license tax measured by gross
sales.' This is our only valid conclusion in light of
the authority, cited above, calling for any doubts to
be resolved in favor of the taxpayer.
It has been contended that the provisions of~~_t;.!..~~.)!l
{1.., Arli~J~LLLJ:~-,'ida <;:~121itlllio!!, 1968, preserves
inviolate the power of municipalities to tax, even
though that power rests upon special law; that the
enactment of6-0..is:J~_-Y..!.1_-'.'i<.2s:-,j~l!!:.S_..J and(~ do not
terminate existing laws on the subject. We do not
agree with this contention.
l21 Seclion (l, Mlicle VIII, is the Schedule of the
new Article VIII and provides in part:
'(a) This article shall replace all of Article VIII of
the Constitution of 1885, as amended, except those
sections expressly retained and made a part of this
article by reference.
(b) Counties--county seats--mun icipalities--
districts. The status of the following items as they
exist on the date This article becomes effective is
recognized and shall be continued until changed in
accordance with law: the counties of the state; their
status with respect to the legality of the sale of
intoxicating liquors, wines and beers; the method
of selection of county officers; the performance of
rnunicipal functions by county officers; the county
seats; and the municipalities and special districts of
the state, their powers, jurisdiction and
government.' (emphasis ours).
Though on its face the foregoing provision (b) of
0.!lic~~I, Ses:.!l(.>!!..._~, may appear to retain for
municipalities and special districts Every power that
they possessed prior to the adoption of the 1968
Florida Constitution, further exam ination
demonstrates that this is not the case. 6~!i..s:_~_y.!!I.
was subm itted for adoption by the people of th is state
separately from other Articles of the Florida
Constitution. Seclion 6, Article VIII is the Separate
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261 So.2d I.
(Cite as: 261 So.2d I)
schedule for that Article. Commentary Art. VIII,
Section 6, F.S.A. In keeping with *5 this function,
which is to provide for the adjustment of matters
affected by the change from Old Article VIII to New
Article VIII, subsection (b), quoted above, states that
the status of the various items as they exist on the
date '. . . this Article becomes effective . . .' are
recognized and continued. This function as the
schedule to only Article VIII is further exemplified
by the fact that the various items considered by
Section 6 are also those items specifically considered
by S~ctions 1 through 5 of Article V 1 II. For
example, it recognizes and continues the status of the
counties of the state which obviously refers to
Section I of Article VIII of the rlorida Constitution
of 1968; it refers to the status of the counties with
respect to the legality of the sale of intoxicating
liquors which obviously refers to Seclion 5 of Articll:
VIII or the '.'Iorida Constitution of 1968; it refers to
the method of selection of county officers which has
reference to Subsection (d) of ~ection I of Article
V II I of the Florida Constitution of 1968; it further
refers to the performance of municipal functions by
county officers which obviously has reference to
Section 4 of Article VIII of the rlorida Constitution
of 1968; it refers to the county seats which has
reference to Subsection (k) of Section I or Article
VIII of the rlorida Constitution of 1968; and it refers
to the municipalities and special districts of the state
which has obvious reference to ~ections 1 and :L\21'
A rticle V 1 II of th~ Florida Constitution of 1968.
Nowhere is there any indication that Section 6 was
intended to vitiate the effect of any provision in any
other article of the Florida Constitution of 1968, nor
any indication that Section 6 of Article VIII had any
function other than to operate as the schedule for
Article VIII of the 1968 Constitution.
The schedule for the other articles of the Florida
Constitution of 1968 is found in Article XII of said
Constitution. The limited application of Section 6 of
Article VIII is further evidenced by the terminology
of Subsection (a) thereof as stated above. Neither the
language of Article VIII in general nor of Article VIII
s 6 states that the purpose of the article is to
supersede other provisions of the Constitution of
1968 specifically dealing with taxation and
I im itations thereon. It is further sign ificant in that
Seclions 1 and l) or Article VII or the rlorida
Constitution of 1968 Do not find their genesis in
Article VI II of the Constitution of 1885; and,
therefore, presumably, Article V III of the Florida
Constitution of 1968 would not replace them.
ill Further indication that the final phrase of
Subsection (b), S~ction 6, of Articl~ VIII of the
Page 5
t
~'Iorid~ Consli~~IJ.0-!LQ!J..96..li should not be given the
breadth of application which is contended is shown
by the fact that~clions 2 and L~__Q.L..6r(icllO..X!l~!.r
the FI(~Q~!_i:~lslitu!Joll~lrH!.li would be rendered
totally superfluous by such an interpretation'~.!::I:J,~!I!
~-L__~~l~_.,,1<Jl provides that counties,
municipalities, and special districts may continue
their existing tax millages until reduced by law.
Sect ion 15 of Art icll: X II retains for any special
district the existing ad valorem taxing powers vested
in them. Both of these are totally unnecessary if
Section 6 of Article V III is given the contended
breadth of application. An elementary rule of
construction is that if possible, effect should be given
to every part and every word of the Constitution and
that unless there is some clear reason to the contrary,
no portion of the fundamental law should be treated
as superfluous or meaningless or inoperative. Thus a
construction of the Constitution which renders
superfluous or meaningless any of the provisions of
the Constitution should not be adopted by this Court.
Stale ex re-'-,-~est_~fu.!.l..~.!:".1Q..~L!.)~_,-~!-,~~.!.:.l1.L
LL2J..:'U .
Recent cases of the Supreme Court do not retlect a
recognition that ,Section 6(l~) of Article VII! is to be
so broadly interpreted. For example, if A rlit::le V II to
;iectiol!..0.W, were construed as broadly as contended,
continuing all municipal powers until changed by
law, then the City of St. *6 Augustine would have
retained the power to restrict its bond elections
despite the provisions of A rtick 7, Sect ion X II, of the
1~'lorida Constitution or 1%8. This is clearly
inconsistent with the Supreme Court's decision in
State v. City of St. Augustin~. 2:15 So.2d L
(Fla.1970). Further, in Slate ex reI. Dade County v:
Dickinson, n() So.2d 13() (Fla.Il)7()), the Supreme
Court, atter lengthy discussion of Article VII, Scclion
()(b), regarding millage limitation, stated that if a
county assumes municipal functions and arrogates to
itself a portion of the 10 mills of taxation permitted
for those municipal purposes, then an affected
municipality may advance its millage rate only to
include the difference not arrogated by the county or
in the alternative bears the burden of a referendum
permitting a millage rate above the 10 mill limitation.
The foregoing is pertinent in that if~~~1i!.~I,!~.J~.r
~rlicle .YJ.!l were given the contended breadth, then
there would be no pertinence in discussing ~.!::I:_ti~!
,l)(b) of Article VII of [he Florida COllstiILlli(!-!!~.'
l%li for its operation would be vitiated by~ect ~.!.I.!J~
of Article VIII. Obviously, the Court did not
consider this to be the case.
A final case which retlects that Sectio!1 () ()r Article
Copr. <Q West 2002 No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works
261 So.2d I.
(Cite as: 261 So.2d I)
YJJJ. is not to be so broadly interpreted is the
Supreme Court's decision of Bannon v. Port of Palm
Bench District, 246 So.ld 73 7 (H). In I ). In that
case the Court held that Section I () of Article V II of
the rloridn Constitution of 1968 acts to protect public
funds from being exploited by a special district, but
found that in that case the constitutional provision
was not violated. If Section 6 of Article VIII were
given the breadth of application which is contended,
then the entire constitutional discussion contained in
the aforementioned case would be rendered a nullity
for Section 10 of Article V II of the Florida
Constitution of 1968 would have no application,
having been rendered inoperative by Section 6 or
Arlicle VIII.
All the foregoing seem to clearly establish that the
function of Seclion 6 of Article VIII was only to
implement the remaining portions of Article VIII of
the Florida Constitution of 1968. Any other
construction leads to the unreasonable and
unacceptable conclusion that no provision of the
Florida Constitution of 1968 had any effect
whatsoever on the powers of either the municipalities
or special districts of the State of Florida.
Allegation is also made that the Tampa Ordinance in
question having been enacted before July II, 1957,
was 'grandfathered' under Section 2 12.08 1 (3)( b ),
rla.Slal., F.S.A., as set out above and therefore meets
the test of the New 1968 Constitution that city taxes
must be enacted under the authority of general law.
As aforestated the City of Tampa originally enacted
the Ordinance imposing the tax in question in 1954.
However, the Charter of the City of Tampa was
changed by legislative action in 1961 and certain
provisions of the Charter were repealed and certain
provisions were re-enacted. Chapter 61--2927, Laws
of Florida, Acts of 1961, to provide, among other
things:
'That the city council (of the City of Tampa) shall
have the power to . . . license privileges,
businesses, occupations and professions carried on
and engaged in within the city limits, and the
amounts of such license tax shall be fixed by city
ordinances, which amounts of such taxes shall not
be dependent upon the general state law; Provided,
however, that the city shall in the future be
prohibited from assessing, levying, collecting, or
imposing upon any said named companies or
corporations on their property any further or other
tax, burden, assessment, imposition or rental of any
kind or character whatsoever, except said privilege
taxes and the ad valorem tax on real and personal
property, paving, sewerage, or sidewalk
Page 6
assessments. ...' (emphasis supplied).
Chapter 61--2927, Section (5) repealed all laws and
parts of laws in contlicttherewith.
*7 Petitioners argue that the tax is distinguishable
from a sales tax because it is not payable unless the
merchant elects to continue in business during the
year following the making of the sales. This
argument amounts to no more than the statement of a
legal fiction. More importantly, it perm its the city to
accomplish indirectly what it is prohibited from
doing directly.
llil This Court can take judicial notice that a vast
majority of businesses remain in operation from year
to year. Thus, distinguishing a sales tax from the
present tax on the basis that the merchant need not
elect to continue in business during the following
year thereby avoiding the tax, is pure tictionalizing.
Characterizing the present tax as a sales tax is doubly
reinforced in that the City imposes another tlat
license tax for the privilege of operating respondent's
business. It is evident that the City, after having
imposed the traditional valid license tax, is
attempting to increase its revenue by tax ing the sales
within the City.
Any prior decisions of this Court which may appear
to indicate a contrary view are modi tied to conform
to this opinion. See Stewart Dry Goods Co. v. I,cwis.
294 U.S. 550. 55 S.C!. 525, 7() !'.I~d. 105') (1915),
and V,t1entine v. Wiil~reen Cll.. 29() U.S. 32, 57 S.C\.
56, l\ I !'.Ed. 22 (1936).
This decision is prospective only, is not retroactive
and affords no remedy for taxes previously paid by
persons not making ajudicial attack on the ordinance.
Accordingly, the writ of certiorari heretofore issued
is hereby discharged.
It is so ordered.
CARLTON, ADKINS, BOYD and McCAIN, JJ.,
concur.
DEKLE, J., dissents with opinion.
DEKLE, Justice (dissenting):
Flu.Slul. s I () 7.43 which is set forth in the majority
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261 So.2d I.
(Cite as: 261 So.2d 1)
opinion is the grant of general taxing powers to cities
and expressly authorizes occupational and business
license taxes. This is of course a General statute so it
satisifes the new requirement in the 1968
Constitution pointed out in the majority, that city
taxes be authorized under a general statute.
Accordingly, the only obstacle asserted by the
majority to the Tampa taxing ordinance is its
treatment of the ordinance as a 'sales' tax which it
suggests is prohibited by the second general statute
wh ich it sets forth, s 212.081 (3)( b). This statute
makes the sales tax an exclusive area of the state but
with the Proviso:
'. . . that this provision shall not impair valid
municipal ordinances which are in effect and under
which a municipal tax is being levied and collected
on July I, 1957.'
Tampa's 1954 ordinancelFN II Was in effect on that
date and thus plainly falls within this proviso,
expressly exempting the Tampa Ordinance. It is not
therefore prohibited, even if it Is a 'sales' tax, and
accordingly is being properly levied under General
statutes 167.43.
rN I. 1954 Tampa Ordinance No. 1708--A
(now Compiled Code s 21--50).
Actually, however, it is not a sales tax at all. We
have theretofore expressly as held in several cases
referred to later.
At the end of the majority opinion mention is made
of this well-founded point of petitioners, that the
Tampa Ordinance is exempt from the sales tax
preemption by the state, in the very statute in
question, to-wit, rla.Slat. s 212.0X I (3 )(b). The
majority terms it as being'grandfathered' under that
statute. Such may be the effect of the provision but it
is really a clear-cut exemption. And it nullifies any
argument that the ordinance is a 'sales' tax because it
doesn't make any difference since it is expressly
exempted. And so here is another General law (~
~ 12.081 (3)(b)) under which the Tarnpa tax may
function--as 'grandfathered' within it, if you wish.
It is apparent that the majority is unable to answer
this contention. It says nothing *8 in refutation of it,
as indeed it cannot under the law. It is
understandable that we sometimes hold a perfectly
legitimate philosophy but one which simply cannot
be legally supported. The majority accordingly
proceeds merely to recite from 'Chapter 61--2927,
Laws of Florida, Acts of 1961,' which is immaterial
Page 7
,
here, an amendment to the basic 1917 Charter of the
City of Tampa. This precise tax has been in effect
since 1954 in that Charter. It must be held to have
been in contemplation of the legislature in its passage
of later ~ 212.0X 1 (JJi.Q2 to limit the sales tax to the
state, because the Legislature chose to exempt
'municipal ordinances which are in effect.' It is
accordingly perfectly valid under this general law.
The precise wording from the Tampa Charter as
emphasized in the majority's quote at the close of the
opinion was not added and was Not changed by that
1961 amendment. The very same language was there
when the tax went into effect in 1954, so it could
hardly have changed this situation as apparently
sought to be inferred. The proviso referred to in the
emphasized Charter language--that there could be no
Other tax imposed--was already there is 1954 and
when the state taxing statute here was enacted, ::;
212.08JD)(b). The language meant that no Other,
additional tax than this one could be imposed in the
future. It could have no New meaning in simply
being repeated, nor be considered as having 'repealed'
itseltl There was nothing in contlict to be repealed
(which is apparently the point suggested). It was
already there. The only thing changed as a matter of
fact by the amendment was simply the deletion of
some old provisos regarding 'street railway
com pan ies,' telegraph com pan ies and other uti I ities
which had theretofore stated tixed dollar sums per
annum and this was removed from the Charter. The
basic provisions remained the same regarding the tax.
We do not need to go into the belabored
interpretations and applications of the schedule for
new Art. VIII in s 6, with which the majority opinion
concerns itself (though this is open to argument, I
feel). Neither, however, should such obfuscation
overshadow the clear and irrefutable point of law that
the City of Tampa's license tax in question is valid as
'grandfathered' by the express terms of the very
statute by wh ich it is struck down as a proh ibited
'sales' tax under tJi.I.Slat. s.212.081JJ.2.(I2.2. To do so
simply ignores the exception which is set forth in that
statute or 'repeals' it by judicial fiat. That is the
prerogative of the Legislature. The proviso of this
Generallaw,IJ.<.I..Ji.t_~~I,-~212:g1LLCJ.K!~), meets the very
test which the majority sets up and which is indeed
pro v i d ed in 0 ur new .L?.0.1i5:::_\!~'!'~!i!II-'l~~.!L.6.EL__\{.LL,._s s -'-
and ~2. I too recogn ize it, but I also recogn ize the
clear provision of the atoresaid general law's
exception of those ordinances previously in existence
which the statute says it 'shall not impair.' The
majority has proceeded to do justthat--impair it.
Copr. ~ West 2002 No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works
Neither does the new constitutional requirement that
261 So.2d I.
(Cite as: 261 So.2d 1)
a tax be by general law forthwith eliminate, by its
very enactment, all existing municipal taxing laws
Not general in nature. The enactment of a new,
different constitutional provision does not terminate
Ipso facto all existing laws on the subject. Such
constitutional provisions, unless expressly otherwise
providing, are not self executing. They require for
such a change some implementing legislation and
until it is enacted (which it may never be) the 'old'
existing law continues in effect 'until changed in
accordance with law.'1 FN21
rN2. Porter v. rirs! National l3ank of
Panama City, 96 ria. 740, 119 So. 130
(InX), Rehearing Denied 119 So. 519
(Fla. 1(29); Drau!!,hon v. Heilman, 124 Fla.
24, loX So. X3X (1936), Rehearing Denied
125 Fla. 822, 170 So. 306 (1;la. 193() ); ;;t<t~<::
~~ reI. Wilder v. Jacksonville, 157 Fla. 276,
25 So.2e1 569 (Fla. 1946 2-
*9 Fla.Const. art. VII, s 9 in the new limitation on
the taxing authority of municipalities provides:
'(a) Counties, school districts, and Municipalities
shall, and special districts May, be authorized by
law to levy ad valorem taxes and May be
authorized by general law to levy other taxes, for
their respective purposes, except ad valorem on
taxes intangible personal property and taxes
prohibited by this constitution.' (emphasis ours)
The terminology employed in this quoted
constitutional provision that the tax levy 'may be
authorized by law' and 'may be authorized by general
law' clearly connotes prospectivity. It contemplates
that there must be legislative action to effectuate the
levy of such tax. It does not terminate existing laws.
Also, Article VII. S I(a), preempting taxation to the
state adds 'except as provided by general law,'
likewise contemplating implementing legislation
which may either create such a tax or repeal or cancel
existing, presently valid taxing ordinances or special
statutes creating a municipal tax. These do not
simply stand repealed without any legislative action.
This requirement for supplementing legislation to
place constitutional provisions into effect (or to
repeal existing laws) is not only logical and necessary
in the orderly process of government to prevent
disruption of the normal functions, but it is also
broadly supported by the general law and by the
cases decided over the years by this Court. The
general law on the subject is set forth as follows:
'While a new constitution is, by its very nature,
Page 8
intended to supersede a prior constitution, as
discussed supra s 42, it is not intended to supersede
the entire body of statutory law. To the extent that
existing statutes are not expressly or impliedly
repealed by the constitution, or by constitutional
amendments, they remain in full force and etfect. .
'It is a generally accepted ru Ie, however, that
repeals by implication are not favored; in fact there
is a presumption against such a repeal. ...' 16
C.J.S.Const. Law s 43, pp. 134, 136.
In State ex reI. Reynolds v. Roan. 213 So.ld 425
(Fla.I96X), the Board of Commissioners attempted
Forthwith to end the term of Superintendent
Reynolds prior to its normal expiration of January
1969. On the effective date of Mticlc VIII, s ()(i1),
however, Appellant Reynolds was serving the
aforesaid unexpired term under a valid appointment
by the Board and under a Commission signed by the
Governor pursuant to such appointment. After
pointing out such fact, this Court held then, speaking
through the author of the current view, Mr. Chief
Justice Roberts, that the new constitutional
amendment did Not authorize a summary removal
from office by the Board of an incumbent
superintendent who was serving an unexpired term;
that it would have to await the expiration of that
term; that it did not abolish the office of
superintendent because the amendment did not
Clearly express an intention to change the existing
law.
The same is true here regarding taxation: that the
constitutional amendment does not void or abolish
the tax until a General law (which is the new
requirement) is passed--or the special law now
providing the tax is repealed (although we already
have the two existing General laws applying in this
case as set forth above). The Legislature has the
choice--or it may choose to leave it as it is.
In another opinion with Mr. Justice Roberts as Chief
justice, author, this Court inIEl~:,:__6.!lv.:.!~)..r.:YJ2E!!.!i\>.11
~~) C; 0 v c ':.'..l.S!~~JJ1--,'i~!1.sU-0.J-.l.!::!,.!.:_!20JJ, co n s i dered
this very question of a different provision in the
Constitution and in an Existing statute (which we
have here). The existing statute, Chapter 26835,
Laws of Florida, 1951, provided an additional County
Judge in counties with 'a Population of 325,000 or
More.' This statute (already in effect) was held as
properly implementing the Later * 10 adopted
constitutional prov is ion, .6J~L_-Y,___::;..-li~, wh ich
authorizes an additional County Judge in all counties
with a total population in Excess of 375,000. Since
the constitutional amendment did not clearly or
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261 So.2d I.
(Cite as: 261 So.2d 1)
definitely repudiate the existing statute, we held the
statute was not 'repealed' by the constitutional
amendment.
Specifically, the Court stated (Supra at p. 1(9):
'In considering the effect of constitutional
amendments upon existing statutes, the rule is that
the statute will continue in effect unless it is
completely inconsistent with the plain terms of the
Constitution. However, when a constitutional
provision is not self-executing, as is the case here,
all existing statutes which are consistent with the
amended Constitution will remain in effect until
repealed by the Legislature. Implied repeals of
statutes by later constitutional provisions is not
favored and the courts require that in order to
produce a repeal by implication the repugnancy
between the statute and the Constitution must be
obvious or necessary. Pursuant to this rule, if by
any fair course of reasoning the statute can be
harmonized or reconciled with the new
constitutional provision, then it is the duty of the
courts to do so. 50 Am.Jur., Statutes, Section 540--
541, pages 546--548; Opinion of .Justices. 251 Ala.
96, 36 So.2d 480; Porter v. rirsl National [Jank. 96
ria. 740, 119 So. 130, Rehearing Denied, 96 ria.
740,119 So. 519.' (emphasis ours)
It is accordingly clear that we have consistently and
very properly recognized (without an automatic
'demise') existing legislation until otherwise charged
by law 'if by any fair course of reasoning the statute
can be harmonized or reconciled with the new
constitutional provision.' (Supra at p. 169) Such is
the case here and the preexisting special law (City
Charter), (amended s 3, Ch. 7714, Laws of Fla., Acts
of 1917, as amended in Ch. 61--2927, Laws of Fla.,
Acts of 1961) and Ordinance No. 1708--A of the City
of Tampa (now complied Code s 21--50), fixing the
tax in question pursuant thereto, remain and are valid
and in full force and effect in my view.
Stare decisis suffers another blow by this holding.
(It does not even extend the consideration of 'final
rites' to this Court's earlier decisions expressly
upholding the very tax ordinance which is now struck
down.) This very ordinance, and the same earlier
taxing ordinance on wholesale merchants in Tampa,
both measured in part by the amount of gross sales
made the previous year by the merchant, were
expressly upheld by this Court in 1939 against a
variety of challenges. Adams .Jewelry Co. v. City or
Tampa, 137 ria. 657, 189 So. 29 (1939); l3entlcy.:
GnlY Drv Goods, Co. v. City of Tampa, 137 Fla. 641,
188 So. 758 (1939).This Court specifically held that
the basis for measurement of the Tampa tax is a
Page 9
proper one for a license tax. The 'gross receipts'
feature of a tax was found Not to be a Sales tax also
in L i ~~!_J)~!tU::~,,-il~~~,_lJ:s_l~.0__U~I.:_J.:~~,_LI.L
0~. 326lLY3121. We said (p. 330):
'The 'gross receipts' feature of the tax found in
~ecliol)_~ of the act is Not a 'sales tax' although its
practical incidence may be analogous to such a tax.
On the contrary, such 'gross receipts' tax is a
privilege tax Measured by the volume of business
done in the next preceding month as retlected in
the 'gross sales' of that month, as detined in the
act.' (emphasis supplied)
In Smith v. Cily or Miami, 1(10 Fla. 30(1, 34 So.2d
544 (1948), we approved a municipal occupational
license tax measured, as here, by gross sales. We
said at I1P. 548--549:
'The fact that the amount of the tax is measured by
the quantity of the merchandise handled, and the
fact that its rate is based on a retail price prevailing
for the product, are administrative features, * II
which do not serve to take the tax out of the
category of an excise tax on business engaged in
within the City limits. . ..
'There is nothing improper in having one tax or
portion of the tax represented by flat fee, as in this
case, and an additional excise on persons
conducting the same business on a graded scale
depending on the volume of sales made in the
business. ...'
The District Court expressly grounded its holding,
here aftirmed, that the tax imposed by petitioner is in
reality a sales tax rather than an occupational license
tax, on the following language in SUite ex reI. Adam,;
v. I,ee, 122 Fla. 639,166 So. 24l) (Iln.,;), in which
Justice Davis explained the ruling in ~'ily or DeLand
v. Florida Public Service Co., Ill) Fla. 81l). 1(11 So.
740 (1935), viz.:
'(I)t was decided by this court that a privilege tax
capable of being Calculated in the cost of doing
business and thereupon passed on to the ultimate
consumer, although provided to be Measured by
the volume of business done during a preceding
specitied period of time, would be sustainable and
enforceable As a valid license (privilege) tax, if not
otherwise so unreasonably burdensome as to
amount to spoilation under the guise of privilege
taxation.' (emphasis supplied)
Apparently the District COllrt construed the
foregoing excerpt from State ex reI. Adams v. Lee,
Supra, as an authoritative statement that City of
DeLand being referred to, had held that a tax on gross
sales, although in the guise of a privilege tax, is
nonetheless a sales tax. It does not so read to me.
Copr. ~ West 2002 No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works
261 So.2d I.
(Cite as: 261 So.2d I)
Page 10
In State ex reI. LlIle Drug. Stores v. Simpson, In
Fla. 51\2. 166 So. 227 (I (35), in a special concurring
opinion, Justice Davis noted that the privilege tax
imposed by the City of DeLand:
'. . . was Struck down and condemned by this court
As confiscatory, because under the terms of the
ordinance imposing the tax, the utility company
was expressly forbidden to raise its rates to absorb
it. . ..' (emphasis supplied) The DeLand tax was
Not struck down, as the District Court's opinion
implies, because it was a sales tax enacted under
the guise ofa privilege tax.
It can hardly be said that the tax in the case at bar--
$10 on the first $3,000 of annual gross sales, and $1
on each additional $1 ,OOO--is confiscatory or amounts
to spoilation of the taxpayer's assets. It is most
reasonable. It is simply a yardstick by which the
amount of a concededly authorized license tax is
measured, which method, it seems to me, is far more
logical thanthe usual arbitrary method used of merely
fixing an amount without regard to size, nature or
extent of business done. The tax imposed by the City
of Tampa by Ordinance No. 1708--A is in my
opinion, an authorized license tax on the privilege of
doing business in that city.
As held by the learned trial judge, the city is clearly
authorized and empowered by law to enact and
impose such a tax by its charter as amended by
Sections I and 3, Ch. 2927, Special Acts of Florida,
1961.
I would quash the decision of the District Court and
direct the reinstatement of the trial judge's final
judgment.
261 So.2d I
END OF DOCUMENT
Copr. <<) West 2002 No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works
April 1, 2004
Population Estimates for Florida Municipalities
(In Alphabetical Order by County)
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Municipality
Jacksonville
Miami
Tampa
Saint Petersburg
Hialeah
Orlando
Fort Lauderdale
Tallahassee
Pembroke Pines
Hollywood
Cape Coral
Coral Springs
Gainesville
Port Saint Lucie
Clearwater
Miami Gardens
Miramar
West Palm Beach
Miami Beach
Lakeland
Sunrise
Palm Bay
Pompano Beach
Plantation
Davie
Deltona
Boca Raton
Melbourne
Largo
Boynton Beach
Deerfield Beach
Daytona Beach
Delray Beach
Weston
North Miami
Lauderhill
Tamarac
Fort Myers
Pensacola
Kissimmee
Sarasota
Margate
Port Orange
Bradenton
Palm Coast
Wellington
Coconut Creek
Pinellas Park
County
Duval
Miami-Dade
Hillsborough
Pinellas
Miami-Dade
Orange
Broward
Leon
Broward
Broward
Lee
Broward
Alachua
Saint Lucie
Pinellas
Miami-Dade
Broward
Palm Beach
Miami-Dade
Polk
Broward
Brevard
Broward
Broward
Broward
Vol usia
Palm Beach
Brevard
Pinellas
Palm Beach
Broward
Volusia
Palm Beach
Broward
Miami-Dade
Broward
Broward
Lee
Escambia
Osceola
Sarasota
Broward
Volusia
Manatee
Flagler
Palm Beach
Broward
Pinellas
Population
795,985
379,550
323,663
253,010
233,566
208,900
170,297
169,136
150,435
142,998
132,379
126,711
117,754
115,155
110,325
105,414
101,813
97,708
91,540
89,731
88,976
88,572
87,184
84,604
81,845
80,052
79,838
74,644
72,817
65,208
65,113
65,077
63,439
60,636
60,101
57,936
57,726
57,585
56,366
55,856
54,639
54,455
53,217
52,599
50,484
49,582
47,922
47,572
2004 Population Estimates
Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations
#
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
April 1, 2004
Population Estimates for Florida Municipalities
(In Alphabetical Order by County)
Municipality
Fort Walton Beach
Hialeah Gardens
Venice
Parkland
Sebastian
Pinecrest
Vero Beach
DeBary
Safety Harbor
Seminole
Clermont
Punta Gorda
Crestview
Eustis
Leesburg
Cocoa
Sunny Isles Beach
Maitland
New Port Richey
Opa-Iocka
Stuart
Bartow
Marco Island
Belle Glade
Callaway
Lynn Haven
Haines City
Sweetwater
Atlantic Beach
South Daytona
Longwood
West Melbourne
Palm Springs
Lake Mary
Miami Springs
Oldsmar
Saint Augustine
Palmetto
Gulfport
Cocoa Beach
Niceville
Lady Lake
Holly Hill
North Palm Beach
Lake Wales
Wilton Manors
Destin
Auburndale
County
Okaloosa
Miami-Dade
Sarasota
Broward
Indian River
Miami-Dade
Indian River
Vol usia
Pinellas
Pinellas
Lake
Charlotte
Okaloosa
Lake
Lake
Brevard
Miami-Dade
Orange
Pasco
Miami-Dade
Martin
Polk
Collier
Palm Beach
Bay
Bay
Polk
Miami-Dade
Duval
Vol usia
Seminole
Brevard
Palm Beach
Seminole
Miami-Dade
Pinellas
Saint Johns
Manatee
Pinellas
Brevard
Okaloosa
Lake
Volusia
Palm Beach
Polk
Broward
Okaloosa
Polk
Population
20,619
20,441
20,035
19,374
19,365
19,317
18,012
17,856
17,800
17,799
17,654
17,168
17,026
16,884
16,679
16,610
16,580
16,476
16,334
16,116
15,922
15,709
15,576
14,956
14,808
14,776
14,771
14,267
14,064
13,945
13,886
13,869
13,853
13,792
13,783
13,737
13,363
13,035
12,860
12,850
12,791
12,666
12,612
12,535
12,433
12,282
12,015
11,928
2004 Population Estimates
Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations
#
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
April 1, 2004
Population Estimates for Florida Municipalities
(In Alphabetical Order by County)
Municipality
Zephyrhills
Fernandina Beach
Key Biscayne
Tavares
South Miami
Satellite Beach
Lighthouse Point
Pal atka
Mount Dora
Lake City
Miami Shores "
Marathon
Sebring
Saint Petersburg Beach
Cape Canaveral
Palm Beach
Lantana
Lake Park
Orange Park
Springfield
Avon Park
Florida City
Indian Harbour Beach
Panama City Beach
Orange City
Minneola
Longboat Key
Treasure Island
Milton
Southwest Ranches
Quincy
Brooksville
Neptune Beach
Alachua
Inverness
Islamorada
Fort Myers Beach
Arcadia
Perry
Clewiston
Dade City
North Bay
Live Oak
Valparaiso
Marianna
Sanibel
Lauderdale-by-the-Sea
Pahokee
County
Pasco
Nassau
Miami-Dade
Lake
Miami-Dade
Brevard
Broward
Putnam
Lake
Columbia
Miami-Dade
Monroe
Highlands
Pinellas
Brevard
Palm Beach
Palm Beach
Palm Beach
Clay
Bay
Highlands
Miami-Dade
Brevard
Bay
Vol usia
Lake
Manatee/Sarasota
Pinellas
Santa Rosa
Broward
Gadsden
Hernando
Duval
Alachua
Citrus
Monroe
Lee
De Soto
Taylor
Hendry
Pasco
Miami-Dade
Suwannee
Okaloosa
Jackson
Lee
Broward
Palm Beach
Population
11 ,828
11,541
11 ,160
10,938
10,891
10,860
10,857
10,820
10,758
10,657
10,462
10,391
10,039
10,004
9,807
9,662
9,526
9,105
9,093
8,925
8,772
8,715
8,661
8,322
7,900
7,838
7,665
7,532
7,512
7,443
7,340
7,279
7,240
7,121
7,105
6,993
6,945
6,854
6,823
6,710
6,615
6,614
6,545
6,492
6,444
6,335
6,278
6,240
2004 Population Estimates
Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations
April 1, 2004
Population Estimates for Florida Municipalities
(In Alphabetical Order by County)
# Municipality
193 West Miami
194 Belle Isle
195 Green Cove Springs
196 Cedar Grove
197 South Pasadena
198 Fort Meade
199 Gulf Breeze
200 Pembroke Park
201 Tequesta
202 Starke
203 Saint Augustine BE!i3ch
204 Surfs ide
205 Flagler Beach
206 Okeechobee
207 Indian Rocks Beach
208 DeFuniak Springs
209 Bay Harbor Islands
210 Holmes Beach
211 Macclenny
212 Parker
213 Daytona Beach Shores
214 Kenneth City
215 Madeira Beach
216 Wauchula
217 La Belle
218 High Springs
219 Fellsmere
220 Groveland
221 Mary Esther
222 Belleair
223 South Bay
224 Highland Beach
225 Lake Alfred
226 Wildwood
227 Newberry
228 Mascotte
229 Chattahoochee
230 Belleview
231 Crystal River
232 Port Saint Joe
233 Indian River Shores
234 Juno Beach
235 Biscayne Park
236 Chipley
237 Lake Clarke Shores
238 Melbourne Beach
239 Bal Harbour
240 Mulberry
Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations
County
Miami-Dade
Orange
Clay
Bay
Pinellas
Polk
Santa Rosa
Broward
Palm Beach
Bradford
Saint Johns
Miami-Dade
FlaglerNolusia
Okeechobee
Pinellas
Walton
Miami-Dade
Manatee
Baker
Bay
Volusia
Pinellas
Pinellas
Hardee
Hendry
Alachua
Indian River
Lake
Okaloosa
Pinellas
Palm Beach
Palm Beach
Polk
Sumter
Alachua
Lake
Gadsden
Marion
Citrus
Gulf
Indian River
Palm Beach
Miami-Dade
Washington
Palm Beach
Brevard
Miami-Dade
Polk
Population
6,132
6,082
5,957
5,882
5,837
5,828
5,790
5,708
5,648
5,582
5,578
5,564
5,487
5,458
5,288
5,207
5,201
5,026
5,019
4,648
4,568
4,539
4,504
4,405
4,387
4,330
4,284
4,249
4,211
4,107
4,079
4,019
4,004
3,987
3,960
3,739
3,710
3,692
3,685
3,661
3,647
3,591
3,555
3,554
3,473
3,422
3,409
3,402
2004 Population Estimates
April 1, 2004
Population Estimates for Florida Municipalities
(In Alphabetical Order by County)
# Municipality
241 Fruitland Park
242 Port Richey
243 Ponce Inlet
244 Madison
245 Bowling Green
246 Indialantic
247 Dundee
248 Frostproof
249 Hilliard
250 Lake Helen
251 Malabar
252 Bonifay
253 Pierson
254 EI Portal
255 Monticello
256 Mangonia Park
257 Eagle Lake
258 Graceville
259 Hypoluxo
260 Eatonville
261 Blountstown
262 Apalachicola
263 Umatilla
264 Virginia Gardens
265 Redington Shores
266 Windermere
267 Williston
268 Bushnell
269 Davenport
270 Hillsboro Beach
271 Belleair Bluffs
272 Bunnell
273 Edgewood
274 Atlantis
275 Malone
276 Chiefland
277 Sewall's Point
278 Sneads
279 Lake Butler
280 Dunnellon
281 Anna Maria
282 Oak Hill
283 Cross City
284 Indian Shores
285 Crescent City
286 Gretna
287 Havana
288 Century
Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations
County
Lake
Pasco
Vol usia
Madison
Hardee
Brevard
Polk
Polk
Nassau
Vol usia
Brevard
Holmes
Vol usia
Miami-Dade
Jefferson
Palm Beach
Polk
Jackson
Palm Beach
Orange
Calhoun
Franklin
Lake
Miami-Dade
Pinellas
Orange
Levy
Sumter
Polk
Broward
Pinellas
Flagler
Orange
Palm Beach
Jackson
Levy
Martin
Jackson
Union
Marion
Manatee
Volusia
Dixie
Pinellas
Putnam
Gadsden
Gadsden
Escambia
Population
3,335
3,167
3,160
3,095
3,072
3,037
2,986
2,978
2,853
2,834
2,782
2,677
2,636
2,550
2,537
2,519
2,511
2,484
2,472
2,467
2,452
2,412
2,405
2,356
2,341
2,329
2,327
2,265
2,248
2,245
2,240
2,239
2,160
2,151
2,041
2,031
1,991
1,960
1,933
1,931
1,848
1,841
1,801
1,796
1,787
1,748
1,745
1,728
2004 Population Estimates
#
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
April 1, 2004
Population Estimates for Florida Municipalities
(In Alphabetical Order by County)
Municipality
Wewahitchka
Polk City
Jasper
Lake Placid
Oakland
Zolfo Springs
Ocean Ridge
Moore Haven
Baldwin
Inglis
Belleair Beach . '\
Trenton
Redington Beach
North Redington Beach
South Palm Beach
Haverhill
Bradenton Beach
Interlachen
Midway
Palm Beach Shores
Astatula
Keystone Heights
Lake Hamilton
Hawthorne
Carra belle
Archer
Freeport
Callahan
Medley
Mexico Beach
Montverde
Howey-in-the-Hills
Mayo
Golden Beach
Bronson
Bristol
Palm Shores
Center Hill
Grand Ridge
Cottondale
Saint Leo
Fanning Springs
Cedar Key
Greenville
Waldo
Jennings
Key Colony Beach
San Antonio
County
Gulf
Polk
Hamilton
Highlands
Orange
Hardee
Palm Beach
Glades
Duval
Levy
Pinellas
Gilchrist
Pinellas
Pinellas
Palm Beach
Palm Beach
Manatee
Putnam
Gadsden
Palm Beach
Lake
Clay
Polk
Alachua
Franklin
Alachua
Walton
Nassau
Miami-Dade
Bay
Lake
Lake
Lafayette
Miami-Dade
Levy
Liberty
Brevard
Sumter
Jackson
Jackson
Pasco
G ilchrisULevy
Levy
Madison
Alachua
Hamilton
Monroe
Pasco
Population
1,728
1,720
1,719
1,715
1,678
1,662
1,657
1,650
1,641
1,637
1,632
1,631
1,592
1,543
1,531
1,516
1,513
1 ,496
1,487
1,474
1,393
1,383
1,379
1,367
1,306
1,248
1,234
1,141
1,123
1,107
1,080
1,057
1,022
997
987
942
938
904
902
901
894
878
849
847
840
836
836
828
2004 Population Estimates
Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations
#
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
April 1, 2004
Population Estimates for Florida Municipalities
(In Alphabetical Order by County)
Municipality
Webster
Pomona Park
Vernon
Greenwood
White Springs
Sea Ranch Lakes
Shalimar
Melbourne Village
Gulf Stream
Yankeetown
Branford
Paxton
Lawtey
Coleman
Greensboro
Hastings
Micanopy
Saint Lucie Village
Penney Farms
Jupiter Island
Welaka
Jay
Laurel Hill
Beverly Beach
Altha
Everglades
Reddick
Glen Saint Mary
Alford
Worthington Springs
Ponce de Leon
Ocean Breeze Park
Mcintosh
Hampton
Wausau
Bell
Fort White
Sopchoppy
Briny Breezes
Lee
Esto
Jupiter Inlet Colony
Cinco Bayou
Caryville
Manalapan
Brooker
Saint Marks
Orchid
County
Sumter
Putnam
Washington
Jackson
Hamilton
Broward
Okaloosa
Brevard
Palm Beach
Levy
Suwannee
Walton
Bradford
Sumter
Gadsden
Saint Johns
Alachua
Saint Lucie
Clay
Martin
Putnam
Santa Rosa
Okaloosa
Flagler
Calhoun
Collier
Marion
Baker
Jackson
Union
Holmes
Martin
Marion
Bradford
Washington
Gilchrist
Columbia
Wakulla
Palm Beach
Madison
Holmes
Palm Beach
Okaloosa
Washington
Palm Beach
Bradford
Wakulla
Indian River
Population
800
796
779
763
760
727
723
719
717
702
693
690
686
649
642
635
631
628
627
619
600
586
569
557
548
527
523
488
484
479
465
455
448
445
434
433
423
415
412
387
379
378
366
356
339
321
306
304
2004 Population Estimates
Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations
April 1, 2004
Population Estimates for Florida Municipalities
(In Alphabetical Order by County)
# Municipality County Population
385 Jacob City Jackson 291
386 Glen Ridge Palm Beach 276
387 Raiford Union 271
388 Hillcrest Heights Polk 266
389 Highland Park Polk 251
390 Horseshoe Beach Dixie 245
391 Ebro Washington 241
392 Noma Holmes 230
393 Golf Palm Beach 228
394 Westville " , Holmes 226
395 Campbellton Jackson 216
396 Layton Monroe 195
397 Cloud Lake Palm Beach 170
398 LaCrosse Alachua 168
399 Otter Creek Levy 137
400 Bascom Jackson 109
401 Belleair Shore Pinellas 72
402 Lazy Lake Broward 34
403 Indian Creek Miami-Dade 33
404 Bay Lake Orange 28
405 Lake Buena Vista Orange 19
406 Marineland Flagler/Saint Johns 10
407 Weeki Wachee Hernando 8
408 Islandia Miami-Dade 6
Total Incorporated 8,848,451
Florida Total 17,516,732
Incorporated Population
as % of Total Population 50.5%
Note: These figures do not necessarily reflect those population
estimates that will ultimately be used for revenue-sharing
purposes.
Source: "Florida Estimates of Population 2004" Bureau of
Economic and Business Research, University of Florida (2005).
Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations
2004 Population Estimates
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CERTIFICATION OF TAXABLE VALUE
DR-42C
R.01I95
SEcnON I
2001
Vetil:
BRfVA;~D
Courty
To
CITY OF ROCKLEDGE
(Name Of 1 DIng ~)
628 989 810
$ ..
7'"." 7C7,156
$
S
$
(1) cwrn Vat TIIlCIIbII Value 01 RuI Property for OperatIng P\lrposetI
(2) CWlWIt Yew Taxabie Value of PersonII Pnlpetty for 0pdlIng PuIpous
f.')
(<4)
(5) C\nWIt V.. Nflt N.- T_hIe \IUJe (New ConCuctlon + AcIditiona + Rehal:lDatMt
Ih~ n:r.aing Assesud VaIua By At L_st 1~ "Aru.exatiollS. Deletions)
(8) CUrrent Veer Adjusted TlIlCabIe Value (4). (5)
(7) Prior V.. Final Gro8II Tu:abIe VeIue
(From Prior Veer ApplIcable Form OR-403 Series)
I do herebr c::MIy !he wlues Ihown herein to be correct to the best of rtrf IcnowiecIge and belief. WIIneIlS rrPf hand
TItUSVI1.LE ,Flllrida.tNslhe 29TH d'llfol -JUNf"
s
1.-\20\.396
FC~, ~:L.L, .j6,i,
34".I+58,3S1
currenr Yew T.-. VIIIue of c.ntrlllly ..... . ..eel Property frK 0per1Iting PurpcMIH \ {
Ctmlnt v.. GfoM TUIIb6e Value for ~ Purpaees (1) .. (2) + (3)
s
610.,562,975
L44" 829" 024
$
.
TAXWO AIJTHOIUTY: If 1IIis portion 01 the kMm Is I1Clt c:ompIeCed In FULL "... AuthorIty will be denied TRIM CMtifkMion
Md possibly lose Its milage levy privilege for the tuc~. If en, 11M Is inapplicable, ..._ NlA or ~-.
SECTION II
(8) Prior Year O~ Millage l.eYV
(9) Prior Veer Ad Valorem Proceeds (7) x (8)
(10) CWrent Year RoIIed-Bac:k Rate (9) + (6)
(11) CurrenlYear Openlllng MIlage Rete
(12) Chick TYPE of T~ AuIhority:
~Ml'lll" ~ c::JWqI 1lT~Spedal
DWoIft
Dc--'7 c=JP".lhMDWrict
DM~
$ 5.700
$ 3,675,525.44
S 5.4813
S 5.7000
OM....... SerWe T..twt
Ow....... . -"DIIbtd
per $1,000
per $1,000
I*' S1,ooo
(13) IF DEPENDENT SPECIAL DiSTRICT OR MSTU IS MARKED, PLEASE SEE REVERSE SIDE.
(14) CUfTent Veer MlIIIoe t..Yy for VOTED Df!RT SBNICf! $ 0.00
(15) CumInt VIM MII8ge levy for OTWIC!R VQTI;D MIt I .anp: $ 0.00
!DEPENDENT SPECIAL DISTRICTS SKIP lines (16) through (22)
(16) Enter Total Prior Ysar Ad VIIorem Proceeds of ALL DEPENDENT Special DiItrlcts $ 0.00
& MSTU's levying & millage. (The sum of Line (9) from eKh DIstrict's Form DR-420)
(17) Total Prior Y..r Proceeds; (9) + (15) $ 3,675,525.44
(18) The CUrrert V.. A;gr8gate RoIled-bi1cIc: Rate: (17). (6) $ 5.4813
(19) Currert y.., ~ RolIed-back Tan: (4) x (18) S 3,864,433.59
(20) Enter Total 0( aD non-YOted Ad Valorem T.. proposed to be Iev1ecI ~ the PrincIpal $ 4,018,621.76
T~ AuIhorIy, 81 Dependent DIstrida, & MSTU's' 81'11. Une (11) x Line (4)
(21) CunerW v.. Propoaed A~ ~ R..: (20) + (04) , 5. 700
$
per $1.000
1* $1.000
I
per 11.000
per $1.000
(22) Current Year Proposed Rate as a PERCENT CHANGE of RoIled-back Rate:
({Une 21 · Une 18) -1.001 x 100
Dele, Tmeand Placeotthe rlrSt PubIlc Budget Heering: Wednesday, September 5, 2001, at 7:30 p. rn. in the CoUncil
Chambers of the Rockledge City Hall. 1600 Huntington Lane. Rockledge. FL 32955
I do hereby certify the millages and rates shown herein to be correct to the best of my knowledge and beUef, FURTHER,
I certify that all m1Uages comply with the provisions of Section 200.071 or 200.081, F .5. WITNESS my hand and official
signature at Rockledge , Florida, this the 12th day of July ,20.!!.L-
1600 Hun=n Lane
I\CIC:hSS or P \.QC8llOn
David A. Henderson, Assistant City Managerffreasurer
Name 01 t.Alfltacl fo'erson
(321) 690-3978
Pnclne .
3.99
%
5Ignat\ft.ancf rme 01 01Ief AClmlntslratlVe OffICer
Post Office Box 560488
MMIng MCIreSS
Rockled~ FL 32956-0488
CIty te 4'
(321) j04-0942
raw'
CERTIFICATION OF TAXABLE VALUE
DR-42C
R .011ll5
SECTION I
20Q1
Year
BRfVA;~D
Ccu1ty
To
CITY OF ROCKLEDGE
'Name Of T DIng AlIharlly)
, 628 S89 810
$ .~
$ 74.707,,156
s 1.~2~.396
n::>. tlL.1.~ .jtl.l
$
34".1.58,351
(1) Cwnnt VfIJIl TlDl8bIa V1IIUe 01 Real Property for OperatIng ~
(2) ClnWIt V_ Taxable V8Iue 01 PerscnaI Property fer 0penIIIng Pwposes
(3)
(<4)
currera Y... T~ VlIMJ of' eentr-'ly ,..... ...ct Property for 0penIIing Purpo8M
~ V_ Gfcu T8lCIIb6e V8Iue for ~ Purpoees (1) .. (2) + (3)
(S) C~ Vew NfIt N.w T8ll8ta \IMJe (New ConCuc:tlon + AdditionI + Rehabilitatiw
h,~owemellls ~ Ass !Inti VaIua By At L.st 1()()'%.. Anr.exatiollS. Oeletion$)
$
(5) Current Yf!tII Adjusted Taxable Value (4). (5)
(7) Prior V_ FInlII GraM Taxable VeIue
(From Prior YeN ApplIcable Form OR-403 Series)
I do her8br eertlfy Ihe values Ihown herein to be ccrrec:t to the beat of my knowledge and belief. WIIneas my hand
T I IUSY IlLE , Florida, tis the 29TH d"f 01 -JUNF
$
$
610,562,,915
l>44" 829,024
TAX1NG AUTHORITY: If tIIis portion of the Iorm Is not eompIeted In RILL JIU' Authortty will be cMnIed TRIM ~
Met possibly lose Its millage levy privilege for the tax yar. If..y line Is inapplicable. em. NlA or ~..
SECTION II
(8) Prior Year operatilg Millage Levy
(9) Prior Veer Ad Valorem Proceeds (7) x (8)
(10) CUmlnt Year RoIIed-Back Rate (9) + (6)
(11) CUlTII'lI Year OpeJ8Ung MIllage R.
(12) CheckTYPEofT~AuIhorIty:
lit
~Vl"-t1" IItJ c::Jw.. ~t~SpecW
DWa4et
Dc...,- D~DiIIrict
CJMuIIl-C'MMJ
$ 5.700
$ 3,675,525.44
$ 5.4813
S 5.7~
OM..... Servin T....U.
Ow...... - ..-.. DIlatd
per $1,000
per $1,000
perS1.000
(13) IF DEPENDENT SPECIAL DiSTRICT OR MSTU IS MARKED, PLEASE SEE REVERSE SIDE.
(14) Current V..,. MIIl80e L..,y for VOTED DFRT SI!RVICI! $ 0.00
(1S) CUfnInt V.... ~1IIge levy for OTHI!R \1011;0 MtI. l~q~ $ 0.00
IDEPENDENT SPECIAL DISTRICTS SKIP lines (16) through (22)
(16) Entet Total Prlor Year Ad VlIorem Proceeds of ALL DEPENDENT Spec;iaJ Oislricts $ 0.00
& MSTU's levying a millage. (The sum of Line (9) from eICh O\strict's Form OR-420)
(17) Total Prior Year Prac:eeds: C9} + (16) $ 3,675,525.44
(18) The CUrr8rt Y.. Aggregate RoIIed-back Rate: (17). (6) $ 5.4813
(19) Curr8lt Y.... ~ RoIIId-beck Tan: (4))( (18) $ 3,864,433.59
(20) Enter Tatal of all non-YOIed Ad VaIcnm T.... proposed to be leVIed ~ the Princ:Ipal $ 4,018,621.76
T~ Aulhorty, 81 Dependent DIstrida, & MSTlJal atYf. Una (11) l( line (4)
(21) Cur?ent V_ Prgpoeed AggnIVI8le MiIIege R..: (20)'" (4) . 5. 700
$
per $1.000
per $1,000
I
per ".000
per $1.000
(22) Current Year Proposed Rate as a PERCENT CHANGE of RoIle<S-bllck Rate:
({Une 21 · Une 18) -1.(lOI x 100
Date, Time and Placeotlhefirst PubIlc Budget Heering: Wednesday, September 5, 2001, at 7:30 p. m. in the CoUncil
Chambers of the Rockledge City Hall. 1600 Huntington Lane. Rockledge. FL 32955
I do hereby certify the mlllages and rates shown herein to be correct to the best of my knowledge and belief, FURTHER,
I certify that all m1Uages comply with the provisions of Section 200.071 or 200.081, F .S. WITNESS my hand and official
signature at Rockledge , Florida, this the 12th day of J!lly .20JlL
1600 Hun:n Lane
5Ignal\.l'e.ancf l/tle or ClVef Admlnl$b'atlVe OTflcer AddreSs or p LOCabOn
Post Office Box 560488 David A. Henderson, Assistant City Managerrrreasurer
MIftIng AOChSS Name or ~ "'erson
Rockled~ FL 32956-0488 (321) 690-3978 (321)504-0942
tlly - "P Pnone. Fax .
3.99
~
..
Date:
Tuesday, March 8, 2005
Program: 7:30 a.m. Registration and Continental Brea/<fast
8:00 a.m - 1 1 :30 a.m. Program and Workshop
Location: Camellia Room, Harry P. Leu Gardens
1920 S. Forest Ave, Orlando, Florida 32803
This event is free and open to the public · RSVP the Metropolitan Center at
(407) 823-2741 or metro@mail.ucf.edu
Sponsored by: The Metropolitan Center for Regional Studies,
at the University of Central Florida and Myregion.org
REGULATING TOWERS & WIRELESS FACILITIE.S
PRESENTED TO THE
FLORIDA LEAGUE OF CITIES CONFERENCE
August, 2003
by
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'..: N I I PAL ............... L TI N
", :.:.: .: ,".: . ," ".:. -::. ;..
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J IJ UJ ~'. JCJ }j/~-_.__)OL_.U-fJO j JS
Serving more than 500 communities in 17 states
WEB SITE: WWW.TELECOMSOL.COM
PHONE: (518) 477-8000 OR 439-3079
WHICH WOULD YOU PREFER? You DO HAVE A CHOICE II
An Ordinance, Permitting Process, Permitting and ARjJlication
Review and 8.Q.plication Review and Construction Inspection
Service that make the issue Simple, Puts You in Control and
Costs You Nothing.
You can create A I Win-Win-Win' Outcome and at the Same Time Guarantee. . .
· NO NEW TOWERS. . . UNLESS THERE IS ABSOLUTELY NO ALTERNATIVE AND TillS
CAN BE ABSOLUTELY PROVEN]
· ANY TOWER ACTUALLY PROVEN TO BE NEEDED WILL BE THE MINIMUM HEIGHT
NEEDED WITHOUT AFFECTING THE ABILITY OF MULTIPLE CARRIERS TO CO-LOCATE
ON IT
· THE COMMUNITY WILL ALWAYS BE IN ABSOLUTE CONTROL OF THE ISSUE
· THE COMMUNITY CAN DEVELOP NEW SOURCES OF NON- TAX REVENUE
· ALL OF TillS IS DONE FORNo COST TO THE COMMUNITY
IT's WORKED FOR MORE THAN 500 COMMUNITIES IN 17 STA TES. . . AND THE NA TIONAL PARK
SERVICE AND IT WILL WORK IN YOUR COMMUNITYI
The issue of towers and wireless telecommunications facilities should never
again be a problem or be a matter that you don't feel comfortable dealing with.
ANY COMMUNITY CAN TAKE A POTENTIALLY VERY SERIOUS SITUATION AND MAKE IT
VIRTUALLY INNOCUOUS
1 The wireless industry has publicly acknowledged the need for at least 3-4 times the number of sites as it
has needed to- date. This will mean nearly I million (1,000,000) new sites over the next few years. As
examples of this and as the first steps in the deployment plan, one the major national carriers has just put
into place its plan to construct 7,000 new sites over the next I to 2 years and another carrier plans has
started deploying an additional 2,000 sites/facilities in New York State, alone.
2
Does it Work?
Read the following response to an inquiry to this question
-----Original Messageu---
From: Harvell, Ronne
Sent: Tuesday, July 01, 2003 12:36 PM
To: 'Renea W. Black'
Subject: RE: Response to Reference Check for Cedar Grove, FJ. re Wireless Communications
Renea,
We have been associated with The Center for Municipal Solutions since 1997 and have found this
relationship to be a good one for our city. They began their association with us related to wireline
issues (cable) and then we moved into the wireless issue in 1999.
It is rather ironic in that we had been trying to develop our own regulations for tower siting for over
a year and had gone through a couple of moratorium periods with no success in developing a
workable law and were on the verge of being sued. Coincidentally, I mentioned this in a meeting
with Mr. Monroe and he indicated that his firm also provided consulting services related to wireless.
To expedite this story I will simply state that within one month of that conversation we had adopted
the ordinance that his firm provided and have had only positive results since that time.
Since its adoption we have generated over $100k in application fees alone and have processed over
40 applications for wireless facilities, better than 90% of which are co-locations that no one even
notices. So rnJ.<<iJ far often-heard cat'1lEmS alxJut local ~ slawing dmm the expansion of service and
dep/oynent ofnew~. CMS's ttpprrJadJ actually enabki us ro facilitate the expansion of service without the
negatire imp:K.t an the cxmmunity often associated with wirrdess facilities. In addition, we used the firm to assist
us with leases for sites on municipal properties and these leases have a combined value of over $5
million dollars.
The beauty of the whole relationship is that we have incurred no cost for basically an unfettered
access to experts in this particular field. These RF engineers, structural engineers, civil engineers and
former telecom industry executives are not something that we could have on staff. Yet with this type
of arrangement it is ahnost like they are on staff, because they are always available to assist and
advise us and keep us out of trouble. Essentially, if you want, you can choose to have a turnkey
arrangement where you simply designate a liaison for the community and they do the rest or you can
be as involved as you like.
Needless to say, we are quite pleased with this relationship and the results that we have achieved.
Personally I have always subscribed to the notion that if it sounds too good to be true then it
generally is, but in this particular case the adage does not hold true. This process that you are being
told about really does work and I can recommend it and the firm to you without any reservations.
Please feel free to call me at 256-341-4545 if I can be of any further assistance to you in this regard.
Ronne Harvell
3
GOAL / PURPOSE
OF REGULATING
TOWERS AND WIRELESS FACILITIES
ASSURE A RATIONAL, REASONABLE, ORDERLY ApPROACH THAT GIVES THE CARRIER
WHAT IT NEEDS. . . AND AT THE SAME TIME
ASSURES THAT ANY TOWERS OR CO-LOCATED FACILITIES HAVE THE MINIMAL VISUAL
IMPACT AND EFFECT AND PROTECTS THE NA TURE AND CHARACTER OF THE
COMMUNITY.
The Only Federal Limitations on Local Authority
1. You may not discriminate among functionally equivalent service providers
2. You may not prohibit or act in a manner that has the effect of prohibiting the
provision of wireless service in the community, e.g. can't be 'zoned' out
3 . You may not take an unreasonable amount Q[ time to act on application
taking into account the nature and scope of what is being requested (after a
complete application is filed)
4. You may not deny an application based on RF (NIER) Emissions if the
applicant meets the FCC's standards for RF Emissions
5. A denial of an application must be in writing and be supported by
substantial evidence contained in a written record
4
What a Community May Regulate and Control
COMMUNITIES ARE PERMITIED TO REGULATE AND CONTROL ALL OF THE FOLLOWING.
AND MORE, IF IT'S DONE CORRECTLY
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN YOU JUSTIFY NOT ADDRESSING
1. Cost of Expert Assistance - No Cost to Community- Can be required to be paid for by Applicant
2. No towers on 'Speculation', i.e. without a carrier/service provider who can prove the need for the facility Note: Tower
companies (by themselves) have no 'standing 'under federal law . . . and should not under local regulations. Tower
companies have no 'need' without a carrier that has proven a need.
3. Verification/Determination of actual Need - How do you know that the Tower or Wireless Facility is really
needed? You'd probably be surprised at how many times no real need can be proven by the applicant.
4. Location - You can prioritize preferred locations. . . without violating the prohibition against 'zoning them
out'. Keep them from where you don't want them.
S. Height - Does it really have to be as tall as the service provider says? Very seldom!
6. AppearancejVisibility - A wireless facility should use the least visua//v and phvsica//v intrusive possible that is
not commercially or technologically impracticable.
7. Reauire co-location of facilities to minimize the number of towers - Today, a tower and other support
structures can often accommodate several times the number of carriers they have historically been able to,
thereby reducing the total number of towers needed.
8. Total Number of Sites in the Community
9. Application Fees - Amount
10. Non-tax Revenue
11. Verification of compliance with the FCC's RF Emission Safety Standards
12. Aesthetics/Appearance - It doesn't have to be recognizable as a tower or wireless facility
13. Lighting - Lighting can be controlled and even prohibited
14. Setback
1 S. Signage
16. Screening
17. Structural Adequacy and Integrity
1 8. Site Security
19. Utilities (Underground versus Aerial)
20. Removal Bond (In the event the facility is ever abandoned)
21. Indemnification for use of municipally-owned property
22. Insurance
23. Interference with other communications & electronic devices
24. Inspection to assure that what is constructed is what was permitted
5
CREATING A 'WIN-WIN-WIN' SITUATION
What is the kev issue for applicants?
How can a community actually facilitate and expedite the process for the
applicant?
THE RIGHT
WIRELESS APPLICATION PROCESS
1. Applicant Approaches community
2. Community tells applicant to call consultant. Consultant handles the application from this point,
unless community staff wishes to be involved.
3. Applicant provides escrow account funds to pay for expert assistance. This is not a 'fee', since any
unexpended money is returned.
4. Set up pre-application meeting and site visit, including applicant, consultant & municipal
representative, e.g. Code Enforcement Officer or Building Inspector.
5. Applicant submits application & application fee. This is different than escrow deposit for expert
assistance.
6. Consultant reviews application and requests changes or additional information from applicant, as
may be needed or required.
7. Consultant provides recommendation vis-a-vis the grant of the Special Use Permit, with
conditions if appropriate, or denial if warranted.
8. Public hearing scheduled, if required.
9. Community approves, approves with conditions, or denies Special Use Permit.
10. Consultant ensures completion of conditions of Permit and recommends issuance of Building
Permit when conditions are completed.
11. Community issues Building Permit.
12. Consultant reviews and inspects construction when complete to insure compliance with Permit,
and recommends issuance of Certificate of Compliance, Completion or Occupancy (as
appropriate ).
13. Community issues Certificate of Compliance, Completion or Occupancy.
14. Applicant initiates service.
6
MISCONCEPTIONS
For a list of the many "misconceptions", and a discussion explaining the truth
about each one, that are perpetrated by many members of the wireless industry
and the tower industry (2 different industries and treated differently under the
law) go to www.telecomsol.com and click on the "Wireless" link.
TOWERS AND WIRELESS FACILITIES. . . 1 MILLION MORE
ARE You PREPARED TO DEAL WITH THE SITUATION?
By: L.S. (Rusty) Monroe & Richard Comi
Co-Founders of The Center for Municipal Solutions
Written for PSATS (Pennsylvania State Association of Township Supervisors)
How to minimize the number and visual impact of telecommunications towers and
wireless facilities
Most people are not aware of the fact the wireless telecommunications industry has acknowledged that it
will need as many as 1 million more facilities (i.e. sites) in the next several years. While in the short term
there are certainly issues of a more critical nature facing most communities, few will have more of a long
term, permanent impact and effect on the nature and character of a community than this issue, even if the
new facilities are co-located on existing structures. The number, placement and appearance of these
facilities goes to the heart of preserving the nature and character of a community and the effects of
today's decisions regarding these facilities will have to be lived with for decades.
What is the cause or reason for this situation? The full answer is somewhat complicated,
but a short explanation is that the carriers are deploying wireless internet access service. However, to do
so they need to eliminate the fringe or marginal areas. This is accomplished by having much smaller areas
served by each site, since due to size of the current service areas, there is often intermittent, spotty or
otherwise unreliable coverage on the fringes. Eliminating the marginal fringe areas is critical for such
services as electronic funds transfers (EFT's) where the service must be absolutely 100% reliable. (For
example, if a single digit is dropped, there are major problems.
Another cause for the situation is the fact that more and more sites no longer have the capacity to deal
with the number of calls due to the number of cell phone users and their call activity, especially during
peak times, resulting in calls being blocked or dropped. Thus, the carriers need to upgrade the capacity of
the existing sites, as well as add new sites to hand-off the excess call volume. Just these two situations
alone, internet access and the need to increase call-handling capacity, will in the near future result in 3 to
4 times the number of sites currently in the most communities. Many are already seeing a new round of
applications for new sites. For example, in a mere 150 mile by 100 mile area of west em New York state,
one of the major carriers has announced that it will need an additional 1,800 sites in the next year, in
addition to the several hundred already in place.
Lastly, there are new teclmologies, new services and new service providers emerging that were never
even contemplated when the 1996 Telecommunications Act was adopted and when most current local
ordinances or regulations were adopted. These include, but are far from limited to, wireless high-speed
broadband access provided by wireless Local Area Networks (LAN's) and Metropolitan Area Networks
(MAN's) operating at broadband speeds, and a new service and technology known as Wi-Fi, both of
which will require many more sites than the current cellular, SMRS or PCS service. A single Wi-Fi
7
provider, in a moderately sized community of just 5 miles by 2 miles, could require as many as a dozen
sites, since the coverage is merely a few hundred yards in most instances. Imagine what the situation will
be if there are just 2 or 3 Wi-Fi providers! Even rural communities are getting between 4 and 6
applications at a time from each of the current carriers, just because of wireless internet service and a lack
of capacity of current sites, and this doesn't even count Wi-Fi and MAN llJplications.
How do you deal with the situation? By being proactive and being prepared to address it, but
in a way that enables everyone to "win" and that doesn't slow down the deployment of the new
technology or expanded coverage in the community, yet assures that the community always controls the
issue. If not addressed properly, communities will almost assuredly have many more sites than are really
needed, the sites will be more visually intrusive than necessary and the community won't know if they're
safe, i.e. built in compliance with applicable federal law, rules and regulations 2. In this context we
strongly recommend updating and revising current tower and wireless regulations to reflect the current
and anticipated situation.
It is recommended that all communities have their tower and wireless facilities ordinances or regulations
updated and revised to reflect the current and anticipated situation and the current state of the art of the
industry vis-a-vis siting of towers and wireless facilities 3. This is simply too important an issue not to be
proactive about, especially given the permanent effects on the nature and character of the community and
the economic development benefits that can accrue, if handled correctly.
Need for Expert Review & Analysis - A Case Study
For those who don't perceive or understand the need for expert reviews and analyses of applications,
the following is the raw data that is needed just to determine the following most basic issues:
1. If a wireless facility is needed at all;
2. If a new tower is needed, or if adjacent sites can be adjusted (reengineered) to
reduce the needed height and thus potentially eliminate the need for a new tower;
and
3. The minimum height needed to meet the needs of the applicant.
511el0 Ambient Tree Antenna Used Antenna Gain AzImuth/Mechanical Radio Power per Los. . Cable + ERP per voice ERP In Walls Maximum Useable
Height (dBdHA) down tilt ~;::j channel (dBm} Jumper + Mise (dB} . channel (dBm) . Power (Walls)
(CI" D. IB.C+A)
SII. applied for 70-00 ft. Allgon 75<42.00 15.50 40, 120. 2401 0 deg 41.00 3.43 53.07 203 203
Adjacent site 70-00 ft. Allgon 7262.02 14,00 70, 200, 3001 0 deg 41.00 4.25 50.75 119 119
Adjacent site 70-00 ft. Altgon 7542.00 15.50 65. 210. 3201 0 deg 41.00 4.25 52.25 166 166
2 The FCC's Wireless Bureau simply does not have the staff to monitor, much less police, hundreds of thousands of
sites nationally. Thus, without municipal oversight, this becomes a self-policing situation for the industry. As
Ronald Reagan said, responsible government "Trusts. . . but verifies".
3 For example, the technology now exists in certain instances to accommodate multiple carriers at the same height,
the result of which is that new towers can now be "shrunk" or significantly shorter and much less visually
intrusive, if one knows when and how to require such,
8
Assumptions for preceding calculations:
Radio Power
933012022(NE Steml 133012001 (Lyons) 9330121211Bouldlngl
Maximum Tx Power (dBm)
44.5 44.5
3.5 3.5
41 41
0.315 0.315
2.2 3.02
0.315 0.315
0.6 0.6
3.43 4.25
44.5
Hybrid Combiner & Finer loss (dB)
3.5
Effocllv. Radio Power (dBml
41
Losses
Top jumper loss (dB)
0.315
Main feeder (Red center +20) loss (dB)
3.02
(Cable Iossl100' for 1518" cable is 1.16dB)
Bottom Jumper loss
0.315
Connector tosses
0.6
TotallosS8. (dB)
4.25
Note: The above calculations
give the figures to calculate the
ERP (effective radiated power)
from each site at the antenna
and oonsldered In the balanced
link calculations. other factors
such as polarization losses.
fade margins, body losses
affect the signal path for the
received signal at the receiver.
The preceding are the assumptions used by the applicant in calculating the Effective Radiated Power (ERP)
that need to be understood to determine the validity of the conclusions shown on a propagation study. The
issues include the most basic of issues that need to be determined, those being proving:
1. The need for the site in the first place
2. The need for a tower, or whether the facility can be co-located on an existing structure
3. The height of the facility or the height of attachment to the facility
Otherwise, the propagation studies are virtually useless from the community's perspective. Note that in this
instance several of the losses used in the calculations are incorrect, i.e. excessive, and skewed the results to
attempt to justify a new tower of 190 feet. Had the information not been provided and had the analysis not
been done by experts, the community would have had another unnecessary tower. This is intended to
demonstrate that to even address the most basic issues one must know and understand RF propagation and
the engineering data used to produce the propagation studies, as well as what the numbers and answers
should be. Understandably, the staffs of very few communities are trained in RF engineering and
propagation analysis and interpretation.
While this is not rocket science or quantum physics, as the preceding shows it is not a simple matter to
analyze and requires substantial specialized experience and expertise. If a community has the expertise in
house (technically qualified experts) to analyze this information and make a determination, it probably
doesn't need assistance. However, if it does not have its own experts who know what information to
require, what the numbers should be, how to verify the calculations and how to use the information, as well
as what less intrusive alternatives could work, then it should seriously consider getting expert assistance. If
not, the community is not even addressing the most basic issues and will have no means or hope of
controlling the matter and protecting the nature and character of the community. It will simply have a
"process" that doesn't do much more than create a "form over substance" situation and the community ends
up simply going through the motions, but with no meaningful effect.
The good news is that, if handled correctly, communities should be able to get the needed ordinance
or regulations (or revisions to their current ordinance or regulations), as well as the needed expert
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assistance, both of which are needed to assure that the community is truly in control, at no cost to the
community.
Be Proactive! The issue of controlling towers and wireless facilities is a classic example of the need
to be proactive, since once applications are received, it's too late, as applications must be processed under
whatever regulations are in place. Given the long-term, permanent effects of not controlling the matter,
coupled with the fact that there should be no cost involved to get meaningful and effective regulations in
place and the needed expert assistance, the question becomes, "Why wouldn't the community want to do
what's necessary to take control of this issue?"
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PROFESSIONAL BIOGRAPHIES OF PRINCIPALS
CO-FOUNDER
Lawrence (Rusty) Monroe
Mr. Monroe has 2S years experience in the cable and telecommunications field. He has spent
the past 14 years assisting, advising and representing municipalities in telecommunications
related matters. Prior to deciding to dedicate his career to representing the public sector and
"equalizing" the situation faced by local officials, he spent 11 years in the cable industry, 7
of which were as Corporate Vice President of Cablevision Industries, Inc" for which he was
largely responsible for helping to take from a small 20,000 subscriber company into the
largest privately owned cable company in the nation before it was sold for almost $3 billion
($3,000,000,000).
He was particularly well known when in the industry for assuring that control of situations
was vested in his hands, and in particular placing towers where he wanted them, almost
regardless of local regulations, and was never once taken to task for it. His work was
responsible for the placement and construction of scores of towers and microwave and other
wireless communications facilities.
Mr. Monroe has been widely published in both state and national publications, and is
regularly called upon as a lecturer to national, regional and state municipal organizations
and Bar Associations, and been a lecturer for Continuing Legal Education accredited courses
for Attorneys in New York State.
CO-FOUNDER
Richard Comi
Mr. Comi is a graduate of the Unites States Military Academy at West Point and holds an MBA
from Syracuse University. He is a former Director of Network Operations New York Telephone
and NYNEX and the former Vice President and COO of Cellular One of Upstate New York. His
knowledge of the telephone, cellular and PCS industries is virtually unique in the arena of
consultants that exclusively serve local governments. The result is the loss of the 'monopoly
of knowledge' previously held by the industry when dealing with local officials. He has
assured that clients are always in control and has prevented numerous communities from
making costly mistakes, some of which would have been virtually irreversible. In addition, his
ability to deal with operators as a true equal has resulted in gains for municipalities that they
never expected. Just one example is obtaining $2.1 million as rent for a single site located
on public property. His knowledge goes well beyond the mere technology and the operations
of a company, and includes the legal and procedural requirements associated with
telephony, cellular, PCS and paging applications and permitting.
Mr. Comi is a regular lecturer to various state and national municipal organizations
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A Few (Geographically diverse) Client Communities
TOWER & WIRELESS FACILITIES SITING REGULATION
City of Quincv. Florida
Arleene Sheehan, Planning Director.(850) 627-7681 - Ext. 226
City of Decatur. Alabama
Ron Harvelle; Revenue Officer & Telecom/R-O-W Administrator; (256) 341-4545
City of Ooelika. Alabama
Mike Moore; Revenue Officer (334) 705-5161
Barbara Patton; Mayor 334-705-5150
City of Athens. Alabama
Mignon Bowers; City Clerk (256) 233-8720
Dan Williams; Mayor 256-233-8730
City of Sheffield. Alabama
Hon. Ian Sanford, Mayor (256) 383-0250
Vince McAlister, City Attorney 256-383-4448
Clayton Kelly, City Clerk 256-383-0250
City of Gulf Shores. Alabama
Chuck Hamilton, Public Works Director (251) 968-1155
Town of Plattsburgh. New York
Andrew Abdallah; Supervisor: (518) 562-7884
Town of Beekmantown. New York
Dennis Relation; Town Supervisor (518) 563-4650 or 561-0330
Town of Cortlandt. New York
Barb Miller; Code Enforcement Officer: (914) 734-1010
County of Johnston. North Carolina
Rick Hester; County Administrator: (919) 989-5100
County of Davie. North Carolina
John Gallimore: Planner: (336) 751-3340
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