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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2001 05 14 Regular H Arbor Replacement Fees and Fire Safety COMMISSION AGENDA ITEM H Consent Informational Public Hearing Regu lar X May 14.2001 Meeting Mgr. ~ I apt Authorization REQUEST: The Community Development Department-Code Enforcement Division requests the City Commission considers infonnation regarding arbor replacement fees and fire safety. I PURPOSE: The purpose of this agenda item is to request the City Commission considers information regarding arbor replacement fees and fire safety and to determine if a hardship was caused upon Mr. Thompson's home due to a fire hazard caused by trees Mr. Thompson removed from his property. APPLICABLE LAW AND PUBLIC POLICY: Under current regulations, a permit must be obtained prior to the removal of any tree. Fees are waived if the tree(s) is dead or severely diseased or ifit falls into Class [ category of Exotic Invasive species as specified in the Florida Pest Plant Council list of Exotic Plants. No replacement is required for the removal of these trees. However, in an attempt to slow the destruction of the urban forest and in an effort to protect surrounding property values, a minimum replacement is required for any other removal. If the owner does not desire to replant on the site, a monetary replacement may be made, equal to the wholesale cost of the replacement plant. Those funds are strictly used for the augmentation and maintenance of trees on public lands. The owner has the option to remove the trees or not. Staff does not prohibit removal for any reason. But, there is a cost to the owner if a tree is removed without meeting the above criteria for removal. MAY 14,2001 REGULAR AGENDA ITEM H Page 2 CONSIDERA TIONS: Mr. Thompson came to the City requesting a permit to remove several pine trees from his back yard. He explained that he was trying to comply with the Department of Forestry's thirty (30) feet of "defensible space". He is fearful that the large pine trees are a fire threat. Code Enforcement/Arbor and Fire Staff has had several conversations with Mr. Thompson concerning this issue and has inspected his home site. According to the Division of Forestry, the thirty (30) feet of defensible space is in regard to dead plant material, such as dead leaves, branches and dry mulch. This includes removing stacked firewood and propane tanks from within 30 feet of your home. It is not recommended to remove large, healthy trees of any type. The risk of wildfire is ranked according to several conditions. · A low-risk situation would consist of bare ground or pasture, moist forest of mostly large trees, and few plants growing low to the ground. · A medium-risk site would have thick, continuous grasses, weeds or shrubs, a continuous thin layer of pine needles, scattered young pine trees, scattered palmettos or shrubs up to three (3) feet tall separated by patches of sand or grass and a clear view into an undeveloped (wooded) area. · A high-risk area includes a thick bed of pine needles and lots of pine trees, continuous palmettos, shrubs or sawgrass more than three (3) feet tall, vines and small-to-medium trees or palms beneath taller pine trees, impenetrable shrubs or young pines, and no clear view into the undeveloped area because of dense growth. The recommendation also states that if you live in a "subdivision surrounded by homes and lawns, or in an urban area, it is unlikely that a wildfire would reach your house. Like the majority of Floridians, YOU are at a low risk of wildfire..." These guidelines were developed in response to the fire-related disasters experienced by many residents in the state over the past few years. Most of the damage occurred in rural areas, or on home sites surrounded by undeveloped areas. CONCLUSION: Based upon a review of fire codes and conditions of Mr. Thompson's home, there was no fire hazard caused by the trees he removed from his property and there is no hardship placed upon his property. MAY 14,2001 ," REGULAR AGENDA ITEM H 1>age 3 STAFF RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends the City Commission upholds the current regulations in regard to replacement requirements for tree removal and thus Mr. Thompson be required to make payment to the tree replacement fund according to the arbor ordinance. ATTACHMENTS: A. University of Florida Extension Office brochure on fire safety B, Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Div. Of Forestry brochure on fire safety C. Memorandum from Winter Springs Fire Chief, Tim Lallothin COMMISSION ACTION: . ATTACHMENT A . . Fire is a powerful part of Florida's landscape. It can maintain healthy natural ecosystems, but can also turn a home to ashes. Florida's frequent lightning strikes and human carelessness guarantee that wildfire will continue to be a factor in rural and suburban areas. With the steady rise of new homes in undeveloped areas, some homeowners may wonder if they are in danger of wildfire. Find out if you are at risk, and follow these guidelines to reduce the threat of wildfire. h ,. ~ ;: f.; , .' }.{: d } 'I. "!, \ ".);~, . '; ~:'~"~i' \':\';Hf::itj..J~,.L : ,~. ..t". " ,;'...~ I".~~.: f~,..:..<~/~!'':''''. . ' '. ':'fo -'.:." . '.', ,.., r......~ ....' ',<4 ~; , .. "'. .' ~. ,. .<', . ~ ;"" ,'. W~:"-"''''''''''''''I'''''';' . ....,.~ .' ..' :,,,, '.'-b!'\'''I\,''Y 1:-i1 ~r.'.f'...,..'. ,'. '!.,..A ..f.... .;..."..~t .....r. >:,-,..~.j'{('.C 'f:.~'W~~"""'l'o;e,: _, . ~.,. .~/..:...\R..J..~,. 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Use the Internet to find out more about landscaping your Florida home and reducing the risk of wildland fire: University of Florida Web sites: Forest Management http://www .sfrc. ufl.ed u/Exte ns i onl Exinfo.html Florida Yards and Neighborhoods http://hort.ufl.edu/fyn/ Landscaping for Wildlife http://www . wec. ufl.ed u/extens i onl Landscaping for Energy http://www .age n. ufl.edu/-feesl Florida and National Forest Agency Web sites: Florida Division of Forestry http://www.fl-dof.com/ Florida Forest Protection Bureau http://flame . fl-dof.coml Firewise Communities http://www . fi rewise. orgl com m u n iti es Smokey Bear http://www.smokeybear.com/ Other Organization Web sites: The Nature Conservancy - Florida Chapter http://www . tncflo ri da. orgl Tall Timbers Research Station http://www . ta Ilti m bers .orgl . FOR 71 Landscaping in Florida with Fire in Mind Martha Monroe and Alan Long School of Forest Resources and Conservation ., UNIVERSITY OF ....,.. ,: FLORIDA EXTENSION IFAS IJ. ~.' ( 1. Trim lower branches up to 10 feet on tall trees, remove vines from trees, and keep shrubbery away from pine trees so that a fire on the ground cannot climb up these fuel ladders to the treetops. .,- .; 2. Landscape your defensible space to make it difficult for fire to spread to your house. Use shrub islands or patches of perennials rather than continuous beds of plantings. Thin trees so branches do not touch each other. 3. Keep combustible items like wood piles, compost piles, gas grills, gas cans, and propane tanks at least 30 feet away from your house. Clear away dead vegetation, pine needles, and branches. 4. Use mowed grass, gravel walkways, and mulched plantings near your home. Although mulch helps retain soil moisture, it must be kept moist or it can become a fuel source. Do not use thick combustible mulch near your home's foundation. 5. Keep large, leafy, hardwood trees in your yard, particularly on the east and west sides of your house. Their shade is important to cool your house, and the flat leaves trap moisture on the ground. Large pine trees also provide good shade. Trim lower branches and rake up pine needles. 6. Remove flammable plants like saw palmetto, wax myrtle, yaupon holly, red cedar, and gallberry within 30 feet of your home. These shrubs are appropriate farther from your home and in natural areas managed with prescribed.. They contain resins, oils, and waxes that" readily. Many other plants are not as flamm;:!blp. Additional Wildfire Protection for Homes in High-Risk Areas How fire proof is your home? Siding, soffit vents, and roofing should be made with heat-resistant materials. Keep the roof clear of pine needles and trim branches so they don't hang over the roof. Make sure your chimney has a spark arrester. If there is no hydrant system in your neighborhood, provide an emergency water supply for fire fighters, such as a swimming pool, pond, or water tank. Keep 100' of hose to stop small fires from spreading. Don't Wait Too Long... People who live in high-risk rural and suburban areas of Florida should take precautions to protect their homes from fire. Since some preventive actions have economic and environmental costs, they are not appropriate for every homeowner. It is possible to keep an attractive yard that conserves energy, water, and wildlife while also protecting your home from wildfire. Additional fire protection can be gained if homeowners, local landowners, and officials work together to develop fire protection services, water sources, and buffer zones for an entire community. For more information, contact your county Cooperative Extension office, local Division of Forestry office, or visit these web sites: http://f1ame.f1-dof.com and http://www.sfrc.uf!.edu/Extension/Extlnfo.html If you have information about a wildland fire possibly set by an arsonist, call the Florida Division of Forestry at 1-800-342-5869. You may receive a reward up to $5,000 for information leading to an arrest and conviction. This publication was produced by the University of Florida with assistance from a grant by the Advisory Council on Environmental Education of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Expertise was provided by The Nature Conservancy and several units within IFAS: Energy Extension Service, Environmental Horticulture, and Wildlife Ecology and Conservation. COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, INSTITUTE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, Christine Taylor Waddill, Director, in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture, publishes this information to further the purpose of the May 8 and June 30,1914 Acts of Congress: and is authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to indi....iduals and institutions that function without regard to race, calor, age, sex, handicap or national origin. The information in this publication is available in alternate formats. Single copies of extension publications (excluding 4-H and youth publications) are available free to Florida residents from county extension offices. Information on copies for out-of-state purchase is available from Publications Distribution Center, University of Florida, PO Box 110011, Gainesville, FL 32611-0011. Information about alternate formats is availabie from Educational Media and Services, University of Florida. ~. ./ I ;' PO Box 110810, Gainesville, FL 32611-0810. This information was published December ' , i . 1999 as FOR 71, Florida Cooperative Extension Service. Revised January 2001. '- ~ :" .' Photo and Graphic Credits: Alison Bowers, Brian Goe, Kimberly _...... / .' Heuberger, Larry Korhnak, Alan Long, Susan Marynowski, Jana Miller ............_.~.~~~:/ -~,.., Ihr.'l r"1......;........ r" .:.... .. _,,...... . Reducing Wildfire Risk One of the best ways to minimize the effects of wildfire on undeveloped land is to reduce the density of the plants. This can be achieved in several ways, but the strategy that mimics nature and protects the health of the ecosystem is prescribed burning. Consider encouraging the use of prescribed fire on undeveloped land near your home. In the meantime, you can do a variety of other things near your home to increase your protection from wildfire. Just as coastal residents prepare for hurricane season, you should prepare for wildfire season. Wildfire Protection for Homes in Medium-Risk and High-Risk Areas Make it easy for fire trucks to ge.t to your house. Clearly label your street name and house number with metal signs and posts. Make sure the driveway has a 16-foot clearance of vegetation and create a 3D-foot-wide space around your home for fire trucks to maneuver. This 30-foot area around your home is called defensible space. ,. Less-Flammable Plants dogwood, viburnum, redbud, sycamore, magnolia, beautyberry, oaks, red maple, wild azalea, sweetgum, coontie, winged elm, black cherry, persimmon, wild plum, sugarberry, Florida soapberry, fringetree, ferns, wild olive, blue beech, hophornbeam, sparkleberry Beyond Your Defensible Space Reduce dense vegetation. Prescribed fire is best for the ecosystem, but mowing or other methods of eliminating fuels will help protect your home. Call the ~ivision of Forestry (DO F) or Cooperative Extension office for a list of qualified burners and fuel reduction contractors in your area. With your neighbors, promote the use of prescribed burning for reducing vegetation on nearby undeveloped lands and the maintenance of vegetation breaks between your properties. Be tolerant of smoke from prescribed fires. Call the OOF to report nearby land that has a dangerous build-uD of fuels. fi ~ ~ r.;;,?,. ~~~ ." ta--. .....:.;,... ,..,..:>0,.. .~-,.,..--.. .3...'1.~.'..~'.i f.j?t<t':~:;;~~'Cil?7~~;~~~&'~:;;~.~. " ;Prescfibed Fire }~hC\.s been used here " Prescribed fire ir..1 niltllr~ll"lld . beneficial nl~ln~gcmcnt. tool for our IO"GleClf pirle ccosyst.elll h\t~f,~~tj:M " . " ;rrrmtt l.J ilT1[I1 1. InTI r ~~ :. ~encfir~ of prt~Clil>('ci burning ro it\i:"~ !1.ll!l,o:iVo'1. I,::,! ~tl::~;" ~~~~,~;:~l:~~~';":~.:~t.~;:~' ~j}~~~;;,~'~::,~:':~::~~:::,! . J.~_~.~~~~~~"".,"'tifo;. Determine Your Risk Two factors contribute to wildfire risk: . the land use in your area, and . the kind of vegetation around your home. Surrounding Land Use If you live in a subdivision surrounded by homes and lawns, or in an urban area, it is unlikely that a wildfire would reach your house. Like the majority of Floridians, you are at low risk of wildfire and the rest of this brochure does not apply to the safety of your home. If you have undeveloped or wooded land near your home, however, you could be at some risk in the event of a wildfire. Use the following criteria to assess your risk. Vegetation Walk around outside your home and look carefully at the nearby land. The type, size, and den'sity of the plants determine wildfire risk. Some places may have characteristics of more than one category. Open this brochure and choose the appropriate guidelines to change the conditions that affect your risk level. - ,":.,..: .::.~ ":.:, . J!~l' #t~.}l:t~ $litl0.~. ~ . ;~~S~0 :.i;J~"A!ft1: ~;~. .....t..~:i.?.. 1;-:~ T:: tf:, ~:~~:' :.:';~:~~(:.~~;;1'. .~~ .'.', \ ~ . . \ . ~;,'4. .... '! .., . i. '~;""llt ........' ..:\. . ':;'/;j~f::l~fr._:r~';;~:':'~i;'~l"',i,:;~",)",'~i'~'>':~, -:v.: " i... .. .":':{l~:.;;"~"'.:>:;'~: 0 ,jli.ilI: '#!!C.;I"'~.~ ~ '~~"I' -~.I':"'':':~~';. :{;:. '."'i':" ." "is;! h ,.'JII....,~. ~~. t" I".!" ,....' '. ':"It!l(.~:'~h\~: 'l" ';al' .': . ~-: ."'.'.':'.. ". '.:; '.. . ../".. ~ ~.,'"' l\l~~ > . -':' .~...~ ,. '.' ..' 1 ,'. 'Ii' !. ~ "f"~'~ i bl .... '. _',.""'l .... '.;,. :.J'~1jl!~~~~'\~ i~",~~f\~'J~'i;> ~.. ::I,"i.I)\.,!:"..:, ", ..I\...,:....:{ ''Ii;', ,,\. I ., ~\' ;':Ir . :>~ ~ "t.\:.~~t t~' ::: ," :'~.~ ". .1"- 'u ~! -., . ," . II; ...-,k:'1 .. :\".'.1 '" ,-",1. .\ ., . iM';' .il :':r '~,.:. 'l:~ :i.'l.~. .~1: : :')} }:.,. : ;: ,,', .~ t ")~':IJ~(,Ii;~tpl"" ;fl~! ~\ I : ~S~;Mt,frr~1~~1~;\1;J~~:i::;~ !, ,'," You Are at Medium Risk if You See... . Thick, continuous grasses, weeds, or shrubs. . Continuous thin layer of pine needles and scattered pine trees. . Scattered palmettos or shrubs up to 3 feet tall separated by patches of grass or sand. . A clear view into or across the undeveloped area. . ATTACHMENT B . . :;' FIR E W I 5 E .. , ~ONSTRUCTION CHECKLIST To create your FIREWlSE structure, remember that tho primary goals are luel and exposure reductlon. '" Use construction matertals that are ftr&.r8siStant or oor>: combusbblo whenever pos$/ble.. ., . . '" Consider using materials such as CIass-A asphalt shingles, slate or clay tile, metal, or cement and concrete procluc:ts for roof coostruclioo. '" Construct a fire.<esistant sulHoof for edded proteclIon. '" Use fire roslstant materials such as stucco or m8SOfYy for exterior waRs. These products are much belter than vinyl which can soften and melt '" Consider both Slza and materials for windows; smaner panes hold up belter In their frames than larger ones; double pane glasS and tempered glass are more effective than single pane glaSS; pIastlc skyflQh!s can melt '" Prevent sparks from entering your home through vents, by covering exterior attic and underfloor vents with wire mesh no larger than 1/8 of an Inch. '" Keep your gutters, eaves and roof dear of leaves and other debris. '" Clear deed wood and dense vegetation within at least 30 foot from your house. and move firewood rrway from your house or at1actvnents like fences or decks. Any structure attached to the hou.... such as decks, porches, fences and sheds should be considered part of the house. These struCtures can act as luisas .or luel bridge.. particularly If constructed frorilJlamnlable materials. Th'eiefore, conilder the folloWing: ,... '" If you ~ to ~Cii'an ~ fence to~~; use masoniy or metal 8lI Ii piiitedive barT18r 'ooiween tile fence and house. . . .. ", . ; " . '" Use ncn-nammable metal when ccnsiructIng a trellis Md cover with h1gtHnolstu'9. ~~ ~~tallOii:~: ";c '" Prevent combustlbIe materials and d8br1s from "'., '",: accumulating beneath patio decl< or elevated porches; screen underneath or box In araea below the decl< or pordI . with wire mesh 00 larger than 1/8 of an Inch. . . -: ~:~ ,7.";.", ... f", :, For additional information visit , .:' . www.firewise.org . By following the Flrewlse tips listed In this pamphlet, you can make your home safer from the effects of a destructive wildfire. e:L THE TOP 3 CAUSES OF WILDFIRES IN FLORIDA: of Arson/Incendiary of Escaped Debris Burning of Lightning FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THESE HELPFUL WEBSITES: FLORIDA DIVISION OF FORESTRY www.f1-dof.com FLORIDA DIVISION OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT www.f1oridadisaster.org MYFLORIDA www.myflorida.com FIREWISE www.firewise.org FLORIDA ALLIANCE FOR SAFE HOMES www.f1ash.org U.S. FOREST SERVICE www.fsJed.us FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY www.fema.gov FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACTI FLORIDA llEPt\ImIENT ~ AGRlCUl.TURE AND CONSUMER SEIMC!S DhtoIoft 01 F-"Y 3125 Connor _. ,.,,110_ Fl3239ll-1&50 FlORlIlA DEPIUlTlII!HT ~ COIlMUNITY AFFAIRS DhtoIoft oIEmo_ M_ 2555 SIt...- Ooll_. TIt/la_, Fl32399-.2100 un .352.322 (ToO F...) ~ on r.qa.d..... ~ 2000 . FIR E W I S E" :\~ LANDSCAPING CHECKLlST- ~ ._'F.. To create a landscape that will make your home less vulnerable 10 wildfire, the primary goal Is luel reduction. Think of the area around your home In lones. Zone 1 Is closest 10 the structure, Zone 4 Is the farthest away. Zone 1 this wel1-ln1gated area endrdes the structure for at least 30 feet on an sides, providing space for fire suppression equipment In the event of an emergency. Plants should be nm~ed to carefully spaced fire roslstant tree and shrub spedes. Zone 2 Fire resistant plant materials should be used here. Plants should be Iow-growlng, and the Irrigation system should extand into this section. Zone 3 Place Iow-growlng plants and well-spaced trees in this area. remembering to keep the volume of vegetation (fuel) low. Zone 4 this furthest zone from the structure is a natural area. Thin selectively here and remove highly flammable vegetation. Also remember to: '" Carefully space the trees you plant of Take out lh9 '1adder fuels" - vegetation thaI serves as a ,. link between grass and tree toPs. These fuels can carry . fire from vegetation to a structure or from a structure to 'vegetatlon. " '. ~':c;.~ . , . When maln~lnl~g.'a--I'~ds~a~: ~;:' \ of Keep trees and shrubs pnJried. PrUne all trees six to 10 \':-.Ioot tiom the ground. ".' , of ~ .your lawn regularly. '" DIsPose of aJttlngs and debris promptly according to IocsI regulatIOns, '" Landscape with less-flammable plants: Dogwood, VlbuITl1Jm, Redbud, Sycamore. Magnolia, Beautyberry. Oaks. Red Ma~. Wild Azalea, Sweetgum, Coontle, Winged 8m, slaic:I< Cheny, Perslmmon, Wild Plum. Sugarberry, F1oridii'SoapbOOy, Fringetnle, Ferns. Wild OlIve. Blue Beech. ~~. and Sparfdebeny. ~ ~_ UnMnllydFlaido, . "-'o/Foodond~lso...:- . .'y'~ . ~. ... For additional information visit ' www.firewise.org --.: . . DEFENSIBLE SPACE Do you have at least 30 II of space surrounding your home that is Loan, Clean and Green? The objective of Derensible Space is to reduce the wildfire threat to your home by changing the characteristics of the surrounding vegetation. Lean - Pnme shrubs and CUI back tree branches, especially within 15 feet of your chimney. Clean - Remove all dead plant malerial from around your home; this includes dead leaves, dry grass and even stacked firewood Green - Plant fire-resistant vegetation that is healthy and green throughout the year. (:~ Old Defensible space allows firefighters ~) ~1 room to put out fires. FIRE-RESISTANT ATTACHMENTS Attachments include any structure connected to your home, such as decks. porches or fences. If an attachment to a home is not fire-resistant. then the home as a whole is not firewiss. to. DISASTER PLAN The time to plan for a fire emergency is now. Take a few minutes to discuss with your family what actions you will need to take. Post your 10C<l1 firefighting agency's telephone number in a visible place. Docide where you 'Nill go and how you will get there. Unlike evacuating for a hurricane, with fire you may only have a moments notice. Two escape routes out of your home and out of your neighborhood are preferable. Havo tools available: shovel, rake, axe. handsaw or chainsaw, and a 2 gallon bucket Maintain an adequate water source Have a plan for your pets Practice family fire drills ~ (Xd Evacuations tor a wildfire can occur ( You without notice; When wildfire conditions "'-I exl.~ BE ALERT, . . ~LEAN, CLEAN AND GREEN :LANDSCAPING With firewise landscaping. you can create defensible space around your home that reduces your wildfire threat. Large, leafy. hardwood trees should be pruned so that the lowest branches are at least 6 to 10 II high to prevent a fire on the ground from spreading up to the tree tops. Within the defensible space, remove flammable plants thaI contain resins, oils and waxes that bum readily: Palmatto. wax myrtle, yaupoo holly, red cedar, and young pine. A list of less-flammable plants can be found within this brochure. FIRE.RESISTANT ROOF CONSTRUCTION Firewise construction materials include Ctass.A asphalt shingles. metal, cement and concrete products. Additionally. the inclusion of a fire- resistant sub-roof adds protection. ~:. ~ "'-, Something as simple as making sure that your gutters, eaves and roof are clear of debris can reduce your fire threat. FIRE-RESISTANT EXTERIOR CONSTRUCTION Wall materials which resist heat and flames include cement. plaster, stucco and concrete masonry. Dovble pane glass windows can make a home more resistant to wildfire heat and flames. Although some vinyl will not burn, during the Florida wildfires or 1998, firefightors found that some vinyl soffits melted allowing embers into the attic space. c::::> .EMERGENCY ACCESS Identify yoos home and neighbortlood with legible and dearly mar1<ed slrnet names and numbers so emergency vehicles can rapidly find the kx:ation of the emergency. Include a driveway thai Is alleasl 12 feet wide with a c;::;. vertical clearance of 15 feet -to provide access to emergency apparatus. . ATTACHMENT C . . WINTER SPRINGS FIRE DEPARTMENT 102 NORTH MOSS ROAD WINTER SPRINGS, FLORIDA 32708 TELEPHONE: (407) 327-2332 FAX (407) 327-4750 MEMORANDUM To: Ronald W. McLemore, City Manager From: Timothy J. Lallathin, Fire Chief Date: May 1, 2001 Subject: Thompson property, 715 Sybilwood Circle On the above date, Fire Marshal Bob Dallas, and myself did a drive-by check of Mr. Thompson's residence. There does not appear to be a wildland - urban fire interface concern at this time. The pine trees that Mr. Thompson seemed concerned about appear to have already been removed. . The rest of the landscaping on the property also appears to be well kept and within the guidelines of defensible space as described by the Division of Forestry. No dead or decaying vegetation was noted. The residence has a limited combustible roof of asphalt and fiberglass shingles, and there did not appear to be a build-up of leaves or other type vegetation on the roof surface. An area of small scrub oaks in the front of the residence are well trimmed and do not pose any type of fire hazard, as they appear to be quite green and growing well. Over all, there does not appear to be a significant fire hazard with this property, as it relates to the Division of Forestry guidelines. Respectfully submitted, -i~L~~f .