HomeMy WebLinkAboutOrdinance 2003-22 Chapter 5
ORDINANCE NO. 2003-22
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE
CITY OF WINTER SPRINGS, FLORIDA AMENDING
CHAPTER 5 OF THE CODE OF ORDINANCES ENTITLED
TREE PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION; PROVIDING
FOR THE REPEAL OF PRIOR INCONSISTENT
ORDINANCES AND RESOLUTIONS, INCORPORATION
INTO THE CODE, SEVERABILITY, AND AN EFFECTIVE
DATE.
WHEREAS, the City is granted the authority, under Section 2(b), Article VIII, of the State
Constitution, to exercise any power for municipal purposes, except when expressly prohibited by law; and
WHEREAS, the Florida Constitution, Article II, Section 7 provides "It shall be the policy of the
State to conserve and protect its natural resources and scenic beauty"; and
WHEREAS, the City Commission is committed to preserving and enhancing green areas
of the City and by assuring the preservation of existing trees on public and private property and
taking steps to require maintenance of existing and the installation of new trees in the City; and
WHEREAS, trees aid in energy conservation by cooling the atmosphere, reduce air pollution
by removing particles such as dust and pollen, increase oxygen production, slow surface water run
off, reduce soil erosion, provide food, nesting sites and protection for wildlife, enhance scenic
beauty, and provide other environmental benefits; and
WHEREAS, in furtherance of the public purpose and interests stated herein, the City
Commission adopted a new Tree Protection and Preservation Ordinance on April 8, 2002; and
WHEREAS, for purposes of reviewing, and possibly improving, the new Tree Protection
and Preservation Ordinance, the City Commission appointed a tree committee made up of several
City of Winter Springs' residents ("Committee"); and
WHEREAS, the City Commission also appointed a technical advisory staff to assist the
Committee in making a recommendation to the City Commission; and
WHEREAS, after careful deliberation and numerous public meetings, at which the public
was afforded the opportunity to provide input and recommendations, the Committee prepared a
detailed written report outlining numerous proposed modifications of the Tree Protection and
Preservation Ordinance; and
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Ordinance No, 2003-22
Page 1 of 24
WHEREAS, the City Commission has reviewed the written report presented by the
Committee and hereby finds that the current Tree Protection and Preservation Ordinance should be
revised in order to improve the manner in which the City preserves and protects the tree canopy
within the City and to promote a more aesthetically and environmentally pleasing community; and
WHEREAS, the City Commission ofthe City of Winter Springs, Florida, hereby finds this
Ordinance to be in the best interests ofthe public health, safety, and welfare ofthe citizens of Winter
Springs.
NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF WINTER
SPRINGS HEREBY ORDAINS, AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. Recitals. The foregoing recitals are hereby fully incorporated herein by this
reference as legislative findings of the City Commission of Winter Springs.
Section 2. Chapter 5 Amended. Chapter 5 ofthe City of Winter Springs Code is hereby
amended to read as follows: (Underlined type indicates additions and strikcout type indicates
deletions from Chapter 5.)
CHAPTER 5 - TREE PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION
Sec. 5-1.
Applicability .
This ordinance Chapter shall be applicable to all land lying in the incorporated area of the
City of Winter Springs, Florida.
Sec. 5-2.
Intent and Purpose.
(a) Purpose. The purpose ofthis Chapter is to establish protective regulations for Trees within
the City in order to maintain and protect the City Forest, to better control problems of
flooding, soil conversation, air pollution and noise, and to make the City a healthier, more
attractive and safer place in which to live.
(b) Intent. The intent ofthis Chapter is to encourage the protection ofthe maximum number of
Trees within the Primary Tree Protection Zone and of large Specimen Trees within the
Secondary Tree Protection Zone. It is further the intent of this Chapter to encourage the
protection of Trees native to Central Florida and to encourage proper removal of exotic, pest
trees.
To this end, it shall be unlawful to cut down, damage, poison, or in any other manner destroy
or cause to be destroyed any Tree or other vegetation as covered by the provisions of this
ordinance Chapter except in accordance with the provisions set forth herein.
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Ordinance No, 2003-22
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Notwithstanding, in case of emergencies involving natural disaster such as, but not limited
to, flood, freeze or other natural disasters, the requirements of this ordinance Chapter may
be temporarily waived by the City Commission by resolution.
Sec. 5-3.
Definitions.
As used in this Chapter, the following terms shall have the meanings indicated unless the
context clearly indicates otherwise:
(a) Caliper. Measurement of Tree eight (8) twelve (12) inches from soil level.
(b) City. The City of Winter Springs, Florida.
(c) City Forest. The aggregate of all street Trees and all park Trees.
(d) Crown. The mass of branches, twigs and leaves at the top of a Tree, with particular reference
to its shape.
(e) DBH Diameter of trunk at breast height, (approximately four and one-half (4 12) feet from
the ground of a Tree base).
(t) Desirable Trees. Trees particularly adaptive to Central Florida identified as "desirable trees"
in Appendix B of this Chapter, as may be amended by the City Manager or City
Commission.
(g) Dripline. The vertical line running through the outermost portion of the Tree Crown
extending to the ground.
(h) Encroachment. The protrusion into a vehicular accessway, pedestrian-way, or required
landscape area.
(i) Heavy Machinery. Mechanical Land Clearing, earth-moving, or earth-working equipment
with a gross weight in excess of 5,000 pounds. For purposes ofthis ordinance Chapter, all
machinery which utilizes steel tracks for traction shall be considered to be Heavy Machinery,
regardless of weight.
(j) Historic Tree. A Tree which has been found by the City Commission to be of notable
historic interest to the City based on its age, species, size, historic association or unique
characteristics.
(k) Land Clearing (grubbing), The disturbance or removal of vegetation using backhoes.
bulldozers. root rakes. or similar mechanical means which may kill trees or damage their
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Ordinance No, 2003-22
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roots, branches. or trunks. Routine lawn mowing. sod replacement, planting of landscape
material. shrub pruning. and shrub removal shall not be considered land clearing and
grubbing provided no grade change occurs.
(l) Person. Any individual, firm, corporation, partnership, joint venture association, principal,
trustee, municipal corporation, political subdivision, or special district, or any agent or
representative thereof.
(m) Preferred Plant/Tree : Preferred Plants shall mean the plant materials listed in appendix
B: Desirable Trees and shall be ofthe size specified in the column labeled "Preferred Plant
Size/Minimum Height,", which may be amended from time to time by
the City Manager in writing.
(n) Primary Tree Protection Zone. This shall mean the front, side and rear yard areas as
established and required by the Land Development Code ofthe City as the same may, from
time to time, be amended.
(0) Protected Area. An area surrounding a protected, Historic, or Specimen Tree within which
physical intrusion is prohibited in order to prevent damage to the Tree, roots and soil around
the Tree base, the dimensions of which shall be established by the City and set forth in the
Tree Removal permit, in according with Section 5-14.
(p) Protective Barrier. Shall be a polygon of 2" X 4" wide stakes
spaced a maximum of eight (8) feet from each other at the perimeter of the Tree
Protection Zone and which extend out ofthe ground at least
thirty-six (36) inches, with the top four (4) inches marked by flourescent orange
paint or tape.
(q) Replacement Trees. Replacement Trees shall at a minimum comply with the provisions of
Subsection 5-9.
(r) Secondary Tree Protection Zone. This shall mean all areas not included in the Primary Tree
Protection Zone. Subdivision street rights-of-way and easements are also defined as being
within the Secondary Tree Protection Zone.
(s) Silviculture. A process, following acceptable forest management principles. whereby the
crops constituting forests are tended, harvested and reproduced.
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Ordinance No. 2003-22
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(t) Specimen Tree. A Tree, other than an undesirable tree, structurally unsound tree that cannot
be recovered by pruning, dead tree, or diseased tree, that is has a caliper of twenty- four (26
24) inches or more in diameter. Specimen trees shall not include laurel oak (Quercus
laurifolia), sand pine (Pinus clausa), or cherry laurel (Prunus caroliniana ).
(u) Stem. The main trunk of a plant; its primary axis that develops buds and shoots instead of
roots.
(v) Transplant. The act of relocating an existing Tree upon the same lot.
(w) Tree. Self-supporting wood, perennial plants of species which have a trunk with a diameter
of at least four (4) inches measured at Caliper and normally grow to an overall Crown height
of a minimum of fifteen (15) feet. Cabbage palm greater than fifteen (15) feet tall.
(x) Tree Protection Zone. Shall mean that area located around the perimeter of the Tree in
which no activity such as clearing, filling, excavating, storage of materials, parking of
vehicles, or any other activity that in the opinion of the Forester may damage the Tree may
occur. This zone is calculated according to Appendix C -to this Chapter.
(y) Tree Removal. Shall mean any act which will cause a Tree situated on real property to die
within a period of two (2) years from the time of the act including, but not limited to, by
cutting, girdling, relocating, interfering with the water supply, applying chemicals, regrading
around the base of the Tree Trunk.
(z) Tree Replacement Assessment. Tree Replacement Assessment shall mean the total amount
of monetary compensation owed to the City of Winter Springs may be required by
in this Chapter for the replacement of trees cut, destroyed, or removed as a result
of development or redevelopment.
(aa) Tree Replacement Credit. The Tree Replacement Credit shall be established by the City
Commission and set forth in Appendix B: Desirable Trees
(bb) Tree Trunk. The main Stem of a Tree apart from limbs and roots.
(cc) Undesirable Trees. All types of Trees identified as "undesirable trees" in Appendix A ofthis
Chapter as amended from time to time by the City Manager in writing.
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Ordinance No. 2003-22
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Sec. 5-4.
Permit Required for Tree Removal and Land Clearing; Separate Violations;
Criteria: Contractor Permit Required.
(a) Permit Required. No Person shall engage in Tree Removal or engage in Land Clearing
located within the City, without first obtaining a permit as provided in this Chapter. If a
property owner has retained a contractor to perform the Land Clearing or Tree Removal. the
contractor shall be responsible for obtaining the permit required by this Chapter prior to the
Land Clearing or Tree Removal. It shall be a separate violation ofthis Chapter for each Tree
removed and each day a person is engaged in Land Clearing without a permit.
(b) Criteria. Upon receipt of a completed application and verification on-site by the City
Forester, a permit may be issued for Tree Removal under anyone of the following
conditions:
(1) Trees located on building and construction sites as shown on City approved plans,
provided said Trees are replaced elsewhere on the property in accordance with 95-9
of this Chapter.
(2) Trees located within ten (10) feet of a structure or other improvement, provided said
Trees are replaced elsewhere on the property in accordance with 95-9 of this Chapter.
(3) Trees severely diseased, severely injured or dead.
(4) Trees that interfere with the construction or repair of public utilities infrastructure
and facilities.
(5) Undesirable Trees, per Appendix A.
(6) Trees removed by the City or other governmental agency and which are located
within a public road, drainage rights-of-way, or permanent utilities and drainage
easements.
(7) Trees that have been approved by the City Forester and which shall be replaced
elsewhere on the property.
(8) All Trees and plants, within a licensed Tree nursery, planted for harvest shall be
exempt from the terms and provisions of this Chapter only if Trees are planted and
growing on the premises of the licensee and are for sale or intended for sale in its
ordinary course of business.
(c) Review Standards. When making a determination on whether a Tree meets one of the
conditions set forth in Section 5-4 (b) and therefore, whether to approve or deny an
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Ordinance No. 2003-22
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application under this Chapter, the City shall apply one (1) or more of the following
standards of review deemed relevant:
(1) Necessity to remove Trees which pose a clear and obvious safety hazard to pedestrian
or vehicular traffic or threaten to cause disruption to public services or a
significant obstacle to accessing and utilizing public easements and rights-of-way.
(2) Necessity to remove Trees which pose a clear and obvious safety hazard to buildings
and other improvements on a lot or parcel of land. Ordinary small cracks or uplifts
in pavement. sidewalks, and non-occupied structures that are typically caused by
settling and small roots shall not be considered a safety hazard.
(3) Necessity to remove diseased Trees or Trees weakened by age, storm, fire or other
injury or Trees with severe structural defects that pose a clear and obvious safety
hazard to people, buildings or other improvements on lot or parcel of land.
(4) The extent to which Tree Removal is likely to result in damage to the property of
other owners, public or private, including damage to lakes, ponds, streams, or rivers
through runoff or erosion.
(5) Any proposed landscaping including plans whereby the applicant has planted or will
plant Trees to replace those that are proposed to be cleared.
(6) Topography of the land and the effect of Tree Removal on erosion, soil retention and
the diversion or increased flow of surface water.
(7) Good forestry practices, such as the number of healthy Trees that a given parcel of
land will reasonably support and the proven techniques that sustain healthy trees.
(8) Necessity to remove Trees in order to construct approved and permitted
improvements to allow economic enjoyment of the property, including:
(A) Need for access around the proposed structure for construction equipment
(maximum often (10) feet).
(B) Need for access to the building site for construction equipment.
(C) Essential grade changes.
(D) Need for locating street or road rights-of-way, utilities, drainage ways, as well
as the need to provide reasonable use and property access.
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Ordinance No. 2003-22
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(9) The extent of any damage or demonstrated hardship which would result to the
applicant from a denial of the requested permit.
(10) The species and size of the Trees proposed for removal.
(11) The following factors shall also be considered:
(A) Trees forming the current canopy.
(B) Preservation of the next generation of Trees.
(d) Silviculture exemption. All trees planted specifically for silvicultural purposes shall be
exempt from the provisions of this Chapter provided the property owner can provide
documentation to the City evidencing that:
(1) The property is registered as a silvicultural site with the Division of Forestry: and
(2) Trees oftypical harvestable size and type exist on the property which are capable of
being harvested for income and that the property owner has, or intends to, generate
income from the harvested trees.
(e) Contractor License Required: Contractor Obtaining Permits. Any person or entity engaged
in the business of Tree removal or pruning shall be licensed by the City on an annual basis.
Licenses may be obtained from the City by completing an application prepared by the City
and paying the required license fee. The license application shall contain at a minimum the
name, address, and telephone number of the contractor and a copy of the contractor's
occupational license and proof ofliability and workers' compensation insurance. It shall be
unlawful for any person or entity to engage in the business of Tree removal or pruning within
the City of Winter Springs without a license required under this subsection. It shall also be
unlawful for any such person or entity to fail to obtain a permit on behalf of a property owner
pursuant to Section 5-4(a) of this Chapter.
Sec. 5-5.
City Forestry Office.
(a) Establishment of Office. There is hereby created within the Department of Community
Development, the Office of City Forestry. The Community Development Director shall head
this office and the City Manager shall appoint one (1) or more employees ofthe department
to act in the capacity of Forester for the City.
(b) Scope of Authority. The City Forester shall be charged with the responsibility and authority
to review and oversee all activities within the City limits which involve Tree Removal, Land
Clearing, or danger to and by any Tree. Notwithstanding, the City Forester shall have
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Ordinance No. 2003-22
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absolutely no authority to vary any plans, permits, or agreements approved by the City
Commission.
(c) Responsibilities. The role ofthe City Forester shall include, but not necessarily be limited
to:
(1) Receiving and processing applications for Tree Removal, Land Clearing and other
permits under this Chapter.
(2) Inspection of all property subject to an application.
(3) Confirming all information provided by the applicant is correct and accurate.
(4) To approve or deny all permit applications under this Chapter.
(5) To issue cease and desist work orders upon Persons in violations ofthis Chapter for
a maximum of two working days. Upon review ofthe violation by the Citv Manager,
the City Manager may extend the cease and desist work order until the violation is
brought into compliance and all resulting fines incurred as a result of the violation
have been paid. The City Manager's decision may be appealed to the City
Commission pursuant to Section 5-16(b) of this Chapter.
(6) To bring violators of this Chapter before the Code Enforcement Board.
(7) To issue code enforcement citations for any violation of this Chapter.
(8) To augment the City's Forest by the planting or approval of planting of additional
Trees on public property.
(9) To keep a permanent record of all Historic or Specimen Trees designated by the City
Commission.
(10) To educate the public regarding this Chapter and the importance of maintaining a
City Forest.
(11) To handle other related job duties assigned by the City Manager.
(12)To serve as a member of the staff Development Review Committee.
(13) To educate City personnel responsible for tree removal. planting, pruning and
landscape maintenance.
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Ordinance No. 2003-22
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(14) To assist in implementing, and issue permits in furtherance of, any development
agreement, plan, or permit approved by the City Commission relating to landscaping
and Trees.
Sec. 5-6 Permit Application.
(a) Filing Application and Payment of Fees. An application for Tree Removal and Land
Clearing shall be filed on official forms provided by the City's Forester. The applicant may
shall be required to pay a fee as may be established by resolution of the City Commission..
except that no fee shall be required for the removal of Trees that are dead, diseased, suffer
from severe structural defects, pose a clear and obvious safety hazard to structures and people
or removed for a public proiect sponsored and paid for by the City. If the applicant is not
the property owner, then the applicant shall attach the written permission of the property
owner to the application. All completed applications shall be returned to the Forester,
along with the following:
(1) A Tree inventory, for the portion of the site to be developed, consisting of a scaled
drawing of a scale of one (1) inch equals
fifty (50) feet or less for undeveloped land or for developed single family
residential land, a sketch approximately one 0) inch equals fifty (50) feet or less
indicating:
(A) Property boundaries.
(B) The location of all individual Trees including the Tree's common or
scientific name, and Caliper of Trees.
(C) An indication of all Trees proposed for removal.
(D) Within the Primary Tree Protection Zone, a plan shall designate the Trees to
be retained and those proposed to be removed, relocated or replaced. Those
Trees proposed for removal, relocation or replacement shall also be identified
by common or botanical name.
(E) Within the Secondary Tree Protection Zone, a plan shall designate the Trees
to be retained, and those proposed to be removed.
(F) The location of existing and proposed improvements, if any, including
proposed additions to existing
buildings, existing and proposed buildings, structures, impervious surfaces
(e.g. pool decks, drives, parking areas), stormwater retention areas, utilities,
and other such improvements.
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Ordinance No. 2003-22
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(G) A replacement plan indicating the means of compensating for the Tree( s) to
be removed including the species and size of anv replacement Tree( s ).
(H) Location of Trees preserved for replacement credit.
(I) If grade changes are proposed on the site, a grading plan drawn to scale shall
be provided. In addition, a written statement shall be provided by a landscape
architect or other competent professional indicating the probability of
whether the grade change will result in the death of Tree( s) intended to be
preserved. Said statement shall immediately be brought to the attention of
the City Forester at the time the application is filed and prominently attached
to the front of the application.
(J) A protection plan describing how preserved Tree( s) shall be preserved on the
site and adiacent properties during construction, Tree removal. and grading.
(K) An aerial photograph showing the boundaries of the subiect property and
adjacent properties.
(2) Valid Rreasons for the removal of Trees.
(3) The appropriate permit fees.
(b) Time for Application. Applications for a Tree Removal or Land Clearing permit shall be
made prior to removal or clearing; except that in the following cases, application shall be
filed when indicated:
(1) All new subdivisions shall be required to submit an application for a Tree Removal
or Land Clearing permit, at the time of initial submittal ofthe subdivision plan, to the
City Forester so that due consideration may be given to protection of Trees during the
subdivision design process. Each application for a Tree Removal permit shall be
subiect to review under the Staff Development Review Committee process.
(2) Any commercial, industrial, multi-family or other use requiring site plan approval
under the City land development regulations shall be required to submit an
application for a Tree Removal and Land Clearing permit at the time of site plan
submittal so that due consideration may be given to the protection of Trees during the
site plan design process. Each application for a Tree Removal permit shall be subject
to review under the Staff Development Review Committee process.
(3) All new single-family and duplex dwelling units shall be required to submit an
application for a Tree Removal and Land Clearing permit at the time of application
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Ordinance No. 2003-22
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for a building permit; the Tree inventory may be shown on the building permit plot
plan.
(c) Exempting Portion of the Tree Survey. Upon request, the City Forester may permit an
applicant to omit certain portions of the Tree inventory where compliance with the
requirements set forth herein would be unnecessarily burdensome and the exempted portions
are not needed for the City to evaluate the application.
(d) Permit Fee. A nometumable permit fee to be establish~ by resolution of the City
Commission shall be paid for purposes of processing the application, enforcing the
provisions of this Chapter, and inspecting the real property subject to the application.
(e) Posting of Permit. The permit must be posted upon the property and visible from the street
to be valid.
(f) City Commission Approved Plans. Permits. and Agreements. All permits issued by the City
Forester under this Chapter shall be required to be consistent. and not in conflict. with any
plans, permits, or development agreements approved by the City Commission. All permits
or portions thereof issued by the City Forester in conflict with any approval of the City
Commission shall be deemed null and void and the approval of the City Commission shall
remain in full force and effect.
Sec. 5-7
Tree Prunine Standards.
(a) Standards adopted. Trees intended for shade purposes shall be allowed to reach mature
canopy spread and shall be pruned in accordance with the ANSI A 300 Part 1 Pruning
standard and ANSI Z133.1 safety standard. Pruning should be performed with defined
pruning obiectives and according to a specific pruning plan to accomplish the obiective
including the minimum and/or maximum branch size to be removed.
(b) Unlawful Pruning. The pruning techniques described in Section 5-1 O(i) ofthis Chapter shall
be deemed unlawful.
Sec. 5-8.
Specimen or Historic Trees.
(a) Designation. Certain Trees, herein referred to as "Specimen" or "Historic" Trees, are of
especially great concern to the public because of ecological value, of indigenous character,
size, age or historic association. Determination that a Tree is a Historic Tree shall be made
by resolution of the City Commission after a recommendation of the Beautification Board
of Winter Springs, and the City Forester shall keep a permanent record of all Trees so
designated by the City Commission. Specimen Trees are all Trees (other than "Undesirable
Trees" identified in Appendix A, dead trees or diseased trees) which have a caliper of
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twenty- four (24) inches or more in diameter. Designation as an Historic Tree may occur
in anyone of the following ways:
(1) An applicant may request designation of an Historic Tree as part of any master plan,
preliminary subdivision plat, or site plan application. To do so, the applicant shall
submit an expert evaluation by a landscape architect, horticulturalist, city forester, or
other horticultural expert as part of the application.
(2) A property owner may request such designation at any time. To do so, the property
owner shall submit an expert evaluation by a landscape architect, horticulturalist, city
forester historian or other horticultural expert.
(3) The City's Forester may recommend such designation as part oftheir review of any
application for development, stating in writing their reasons for such designation, or
may make such designation as part of an overall Tree protection planning program
for the City or portion thereof.
(4) Historic Tree designations shall be subject to approval by resolution of the City
Commission and the City Commission may grant tree replacement credits, upon
granting an Historic Tree designation.
(b) Removal. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Chapter, Specimen or Historic Trees
shall not be removed except for extraordinary circumstances and hardships and only by final
permit approved by the City Commission.
Sec. 5-9.
Tree Replacement Guidelines.
(a) Tree Replacement. All Trees that are removed or destroyed and subject to replacement by
this Chapter shall be replaced by a species of Tree cited in Appendix B, Desirable Trees or
Appendix C, Prcfcncd Plant List or such other Trees properly approved by the City Forester.
Replacement shall occur prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy (if approval is
pending) or RcplacClllGnt shall OGCtll within nincty (90) thirty (30) days of removal or
destruction, whichever date is earlier. unless a greater replacement period is provided for
good cause by permit.
(b) Criteria for Replacement Trees is as follows:
(1) Characteristics of Replacement Trees. The replacement Tree( s) shall have at least
equal shade potential, screening properties, and/or other characteristics comparable
to that of the Tree(s) requested to be removed.
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(2) Size of Replacement Trees. Replacement Tree(s) are to be made according to the
Tree Replacement Standards set forth in Table 1 or (2) otherwise agreed upon by
the City Commission and applicant.
(3) Tree Species. Relocated or Replacement Trees shall include only species and sizes
defined as Desirable Trees (Appendix B) under this Chapter.
(4) Transplanting and Maintenance Requirements. All Trees transplanted pursuant to
this Chapter shall be maintained in a healthy, living condition. Any such
Trees which die shall be replaced and maintained by the property owner. The City
shall retain jurisdiction for one (1) year to ensure compliance with this
Chapter.
(5) Waivers of Replacement Tree(s) Specifications. The number of required
Replacement Trees may be waived by the City Commission, if the City Commission
determines that the remaining number of Trees to be preserved on site are of
sufficient number and quality to substantially comply with the purpose and intent of
this Chapter and a tree replacement fee is paid to the City's "Tree Bank," which is
hereby established. Monies collected in the Tree Bank shall be used for
enhancement and maintenance oftrees on public lands. The contribution to the Tree
Bank may be waived by the City Commission for individual homeowners, on a case-
by-case basis, if the homeowner can demonstrate that the payment of the fee will
cause the homeowner an undue economic hardship. Substitute Tree(s) allowed
under this Waiver provision must have the approval of the City Commission. The
vahte amount to be paid into the tree bank shall be set forth in Table 1 and should be
based upon wholesale market value ofthe trees being replaced, plus installation and
maintenance costs to establish the Tree.
(6) Replacement Guidelines The following Tree replacement guidelines shall apply:
(A) All Plant material specified shall be Florida Grades and Standard One 0) or
better.
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(B) For each tree located within a public conservation area (excluding
jurisdictional wetlands determined by the St. John's River Water
Management District or the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, or as depicted on
Map V -3 :Existing Wetlands in the City of Winter Springs Comprehensive
Plan) dedicated to the City as part of a development project, three (3)
replacement tree credits may be applied to the total number oftrees required
to be replaced by this Chapter. However, the minimum tree requirement set
forth in Section 5-13 shall still apply. Such public conservation area must be
at least one (1) acre with widths not less than 125 feet, unless otherwise
approved by the City Commission. In addition, trees approved by the City
Forester to reforest such conservation area shall also be applied to the
replacement requirement on a one-for-one basis.
(C) If the City Commission determines, due to site conditions or configuration,
it is impossible or impracticable for the applicant/developer to meet the
requirements for Tree Replacement, under this subsection, the City
Commission may allow the applicant/developer to pay into the City's "Tree
Bank" the amount it would have spent on Replacement Trees.
(D) Tree replacement credit shall be allowed for the installation of preferred
plants in accordance with the provisions set forth in Appendix B: Desirable
Trees. In addition, for new development, tree replacement credit shall be
allowed for the preservation of existing Desirable Trees on the development
site, excluding wetland areas and existing conservation areas, as follows:
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DBH of Preserved Tree
Reduction in
Replacement Trees
4" up to but not including 9"
1 credit
9" up to but not including 12"
12" up to but not including 16"
16" up to but not including 24"
Specimen and Historic Trees
2 credits
3 credits
4 credits
o credits
(E) Trees planted under a powerline shall not exceed a mature height of twenty-
five (25) feet.
(F) Diversity of species shall be required for replacement Trees and not more
than twenty percent (20%) of the replacement trees shall be of a single
specIes.
(G) All landscape plans shall be prepared by a landscape architect licensed by the
State of Florida, unless the City determines the proposed landscaping or Tree
Removal has a deminimus impact on the property.
(c) Replacement Cost. The property owner shall be responsible for rlhe cost of replacing the
Trees removed from their property.
(d) Elimination of Undesirable Trees and Shrubs. The natural vegetative communities existing
within the City shall be protected bv the control and elimination of invasive, nonnative
species. To that end, the following guidelines shall apply:
(1) Planting of Trees and shrubs listed in Appendix A. Undesirable Trees, is prohibited.
(2) Removal of Trees and Shrubs listed on Appendix A. Undesirable Trees, from
commercial. office, industrial. or multifamily sites (excluding jurisdictional
wetlands) shall be completed, whenever practicable, as a requirement for approval
of any development permit issued by the City or the issuance of a certificate of
occupancy if applicable.
(3) Control and elimination procedures shall in no way promote the proliferation of the
species through the dispersal of seed or other vegetatively reproducing parts.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 16 of 24
(4) Control and elimination procedures shall in no way harm or cause the decline of
preserved or planted Trees and landscaping.
(e) Limited Exception for Existing Single Familv Lots. Notwithstanding any other Tree
replacement standard set forth in this section, a Tree Removal permit for a single Tree shall
be granted, as a matter of right. for each existing single family home lot. provided the City
Forester determines that:
(1) The Tree is not a Specimen or Historic Tree:
(2) The Tree canopy covering the pervious portion of the lot after removal of the Tree
will be greater than fifty percent: and
(3) A permit under this subsection (e) had not been granted during the preceding ten (10)
year period.
Sec. 5-10. Prohibitions.
(a) Placement of Materials, Machinery, or Temporary Soil Deposits. It shall be unlawful to
place material, machinery, or temporary soil deposits within the Tree Protection Zone, as
calculated according to Appendix C: Calculating Tree Protection Zone, before or during
construction. Before or during construction the builder shall erect and maintain suitable
Protective Barriers around all Trees to be preserved. Upon written request, the City Forester,
on a case by case basis, may allow material or temporary soil deposits to be stored within the
Protective Barrier if no other storage is available.
(b) Climbing Spurs. It shall be unlawful to use climbing spurs or other similar device to aid
in the climbing of a live tree, where such device causes the puncture or tears the bark of the
tree.
(c) Tree Spiking. It shall be unlawful to introduce any type of poison or reactive material to a
Tree for the purpose of causing it to die or become diseased.
(d) Structure and Pavement Location. It shall be unlawful to place any structure or impervious
paving within eight (8') foot radius of any Tree Trunk or Stem having a diameter of four (4")
inches or more at Caliper.
(e) City Trees. It shall be unlawful to trim, prune, or remove any tree which is within the City's
rights-of-way or upon any other City property without the permission ofthe City evidenced
by the appropriate permit.
(f) Attachments. It shall be unlawful to attach anything to a Tree or Stem, including nails or
spikes, having a diameter of four (4") inches or more at Caliper, other than protective wires,
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 17 of 24
braces or other similar noninjurious materials.
(g) Cut and Fill Guidelines. It shall be unlawful to remove or add any material or ground within
the Tree Protection Zone unless otherwise permitted by the Forester.
(h) Encroachment of the Dripline. During the construction stage of development, the developer
or property owner shall not cause or allow Land Clearing, the use of heavy equipment or
material within the Dripline of any Tree or groups of Trees to be retained. Neither shall the
developer cause or allow the disposal of waste material such as paint, oil, solvents, asphalt,
concrete, mortar or any other material harmful to the life of a Tree within the Dripline of any
Tree or groups of Trees, or where planting beds are to be situated.
(i) Shearing, Hat Racking, Topping or Poodle Trimming of Trees (Lollipop), Lions-tailing,
Pollarding of Trees. Trees intended for shade purposes shall be allowed to reach their
mature canopy spread. It shall be unlawful to engage in excessive pruning techniques on
Trees intended for shade purposes. Excessive shearing, pruning or shaping shall only be
allowed with a permit by demonstrating necessity or without a permit in times of emergency
only. The following are deemed unlawful excessive pruning techniques which are prohibited
on shade Trees:
(1) Lions tailing: the improper practice of removing most secondary and tertiary
branches from the interior portion ofthe canopy leaving most live foliage at the edge
of the canopy.
(2) Topping, hatracking, stag heading, de-homing, lopping, and rounding over: the
improper practice of reducing tree size by making heading cuts through a stem more
than two years old: a pruning practice that destroys tree architecture and serves to
initiate discoloration and perhaps decay in the cut stem.
(3) Pollarding: the pruning technique that removes sprouts back to the same location
annually or biannually maintaining a tree to a specific height.
(4) Shearing: a pruning technique which is typically accomplished with cuts made
through wood less than a year old at the sides ofthe canopy to create uniform dense
canopIes.
(5) Poodle trimming: combines shearing and removing lower limbs to create tree forms
that look like a "lollipop."
(j) Construction near Ad;acent Property. Walls, structures, and pavement shall not be
constructed in any way which will result in damage to roots within the Tree Protection Zones
of Trees located on adiacent properties.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 18 of 24
Sec. 5-11.
RESERVED.
Sec. 5-12.
Permit Contents; Expiration; Removal After Expiration of Permit.
(a) Permit Contents. The Tree Removal permit, when issued, shall specifically identify which
Trees shall be permitted to be removed. The removal permits merely authorize the removal
of the Trees specified therein. Nothing in this Chapter shall be construed to require the
removal of such Trees by the permittee.
(b) Permit Expiration. Any permit issued under this Chapter shall automatically expire six (6)
months after issuance, except for permits issued in conjunction with a building permit which
shall automatically expire six (6) months after issuance or at such time the building permit
expires, whichever is later.
(c) Restrictions on Tree Removal After Permit Expiration. Trees not removed during the life of
the permit may not be removed without the issuance of a new permit based upon a new
application.
(d) Permit Display. The permit shall be located and maintained upon the site at all time until
final inspection or until issuance of a certificate of occupancy if applicable. For new
developments, the permit shall be attached to the "posting board" with other permits. For
existing developments and existing single-family residences, the permit shall be displayed
so as to be easily visible from the street.
Sec. 5-13.
Minimum Tree Requirement.
No certificate of occupancy shall be issued on the types of construction indicated below
unless the underlying parcel has at least the required minimum number of approved Trees:
(a) Any new single-family or duplex dwelling unit on a lot of less than 6,000 square feet or
greater: not fewer than two (2) Trees.
(b) Any new single- family or duplex dwelling unit on a lot equal to 6,000 square feet not fewer than two (2)Trees plus one(1)
additional Tree for each 4,000 square feet over 6,000 square feet.
(c) Any commercial, industrial, multi-family or other structure requiring site plan
approval under the City land development regulations: no fewer than six (6) Trees
or four (4) Trees per acre, whichever is greater.
Sec. 5-14.
Tree Protection During Development and Construction; Periodic Inspection.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 19 of 24
(a) Restrictions During Construction. It shall be unlawful for any Person, during the
construction of any structures or other improvements, to place solvents, petroleum products,
paint or masonry materials, construction machinery or temporary soil deposits within the
Dripline of any Tree for which a Tree Removal permit is required but has not been obtained.
This provision includes soil that is placed in the Dripline permanently for the purpose of a
grade change, unless the grade is changed according to the guidelines described in the
Florida Division of Forestry, Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
Publication, Tree Protection Manual for Buildings and Developers.
(b) Burden of Tree Protection on Property Owner. It shall be the responsibility of a
property owner and their agents to ensure that any Tree shown on the Tree
inventory for which a Tree Removal permit has not been obtained is to be protected. The
property owner shall guarantee survival of retained trees and Replacement Trees for one (1 )
year from completion of permitted construction, unless a greater time period is required by
development agreement. If a retained or replacement Tree dies during that time period, the
property owner shall replace the Tree in accordance with a remedial action approved under
9 5-17 of this Chapter.
(c) Protective Barriers and Sign age Required. Protective Barriers shall
be installed prior to construction (as determined using Appendix C: Calculating Tree
Protection Zone) around every Tree or group of Trees to be preserved. Waterproof, rigid
"Protection Zone Area" signs, as shown on Appendix D: Tree Protection Area Signage and
not smaller than two feet (2') by three feet (3') shall be posted at one hundred foot (100')
increments along the Protective Barriers.
(d) Site Inspections. The City Forester may conduct periodic inspections of the site. It is the
responsibility of the property owner and their agents to ensure that all provisions
of this Chapter are met.
(e) Adiacent Properties. The property owner and their agents shall ensure that the Tree
Protection Zones of Trees located on adiacent properties are protected as required by this
Chapter for Trees located on the site being developed.
Sec. 5-15.
Voluntary Tree Planting.
This Chapter shall not be interpreted to restrict, regulate or limit the voluntary planting of any
Tree within the City. The provisions of this Chapter govern only the planting of Trees which are
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 20 of 24
required to be planted or retained under this Chapter. Trees or plants planted in the City's rights-of-
way are subiect to removal or trimming by the City at any time.
Sec. 5-16.
Waivers: Incentive Proeram: and Appeals.
(a) Waivers. The City Commission may grant a waiver to provisions of this Chapter where the
applicant demonstrates that the literal interpretation of the Chapter will deny the
applicant reasonable use of the property or where such waiver can be demonstrated to be
consistent with the purpose and intent of the Chapter. The preservation of any
approved Tree over four (4) inches in caliper may be considered as the basis for the granting
of a waiver from the literal application of the provisions of the City's land development
regulations. If, in the determination of the City Commission, the sole basis for the request
for waiver is to preserve such Tree which would otherwise have to be removed, it may direct
any required waiver fee to be waived.
(b) Appeals. Any Person adversely affected by an administrative interpretation of this Chapter
by the City Forester may first appeal that interpretation to the City Manager by filing a
written notice of appeal of said interpretation within ten (0) calendar days of said
interpretation. The City Manager shall decide said appeal within five (5) business days. Any
Person adversely affected by an administrative decision of the City Manager under this
Chapter may appeal that interpretation to the City Commission by filing a written notice of
appeal of said interpretation within thirty (30) calendar days of said interpretation. Failure
to file an appeal within said the time period2 required by this subsection shall result in the
administrative interpretation to be declared final and shall be deemed a waiver of the
person's right to further appellate review and proceedings. The City Commission shall
decide said appeal within thirty (30) days of the City's receipt of said notice of appeal and
the City Commission's decision shall be final. Except for the mandatory time periods
required for the notice of appeal. the time periods required for a decision may be extended
by mutual agreement between the City and the Person filing the notice of appeal.
(f) Incentive Program. The City Commission reserves the right to offer and approve incentives
for purposes of protecting and preserving mature Trees and planting enhanced landscaping.
Such incentives shall have a public benefit and may include, but are not limited to, varying
provisions of the City's land development regulations (e.g. reduced parking: modified
setbacks) and providing credits to City development fees. Any incentives granted under this
subsection shall be consistent with the Comprehensive Plan and shall be by development
agreement or other formal approval.
Sec. 5-17.
Remedial Action.
(a) Violations Require Remedial Action. Where violations of this Chapter have occurred,
remedial action shall be taken to restore the property consistent with a restoration plan
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 21 of 24
approved by the City Forester or the City Commission if the violation is inconsistent with
plans, permits, or agreements approved by the City Commission. The restoration plan may
require mitigation
of any other damage to the property, as well as Tree replacements.
(b) Tree Replacement Remediation Requirements. Each Tree destroyed
or receiving major damage during construction must be replaced by either a comparable size
and desirable type of Tree as listed within Appendix B or providing a contribution to the
Tree Bank equal to four times the contribution listed on Table 1: Tree Replacement
Standards or planting four (4) Preferred Plants listed within Appendix B
before issuance of a certificate of occupancy or certificate of completion.
(c) Property Owner to Guarantee Survival of Replaced Trees. The property owner shall
guarantee the survival of the Trees required to be placed under Subsection (b) above for a
period oftwo (2) years from the date the certificate of occupancy or certificate of completion
is issued, unless a greater time period is required by development agreement. If the
replacement Tree dies, the Tree shall be replaced in accordance with this section.
Sec. 5-18.
Enforcement; Penalties.
(a) Enforcement. The City may enforce the provisions of this Chapter by any lawful means
including, but not limited to, issuing a civil citation, bringing charges before the City's Code
Enforcement Board or special master, and seeking injunctive and equitable relief. For
purposes of determining the penalties provided under this Chapter, the removal or death of
a Tree in violation of this Chapter shall be deemed irreparable or irreversible.
(b) Penalties. In addition to all other remedies set forth in this Chapter, one or more of the
following civil fines shall apply to violations of this Chapter:
(1) Failure to obtain a permit under Section 5-4(a): Fine of$250.00 per Tree or $500.00
per Specimen or Historic Tree removed, not to exceed $5,000.00.
(2) Removal of a Tree without a permit: Fine of $50.00 per Caliper inch, not to exceed
$5,000.00 per Tree.
ill Removal of a Specimen or Historic Tree without a permit: Fine of $100.00 per
Caliper inch, not to exceed $5,000.00 per Tree.
ill Failure to abide by a cease and desist order issued under this Chapter: Fine of
$500.00 per day.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 22 of 24
(5) Failure to obtain a contractor's license under Section 5-4(e): Fine of $250.00 (1S!
offense): $500.00 (2nd and each subsequent offense).
(6) Failure to abide by the requirements of Section 5-10 ofthis Chapter: Fine of$250.00
per occurrence.
(7) Any other violation of this Chapter: Fine as provided by law and this Chapter.
(c) Civil Fine Determination. In determining the amount of the civil fine under subsection (6)
above, the following factors shall be considered:
(1)
The gravity of the violation.
(2)
Any actions taken by the violator to correct the violation.
(3)
Any previous violations of this Chapter committed by the violator.
(4)
The number and size of the Trees removed, if any.
(5)
The historical significance of the any Tree removed ifthe Tree was deemed Historic.
(6)
Whether the violation is irreparable or irreversible in nature.
(7)
The remedial actions offered by the violator to restore the property consistent with
1his Chapter.
Sec. 5-19.
Authorization to Adopt Rules and Regulations and Fees for Implementation.
The City Commission is hereby authorized to adopt, by resolution, such rules and regulations
and fees as are necessary or proper to implement this Chapter.
Section 3. Repeal of Prior Inconsistent Ordinances and Resolutions. All prior
inconsistent ordinances and resolutions adopted by the City Commission, or parts of prior ordinances
and resolutions in conflict herewith, are hereby repealed to the extent ofthe conflict.
Section 4. Incorporation Into Code. This Ordinance including all attached Appendixes
and Tables shall be incorporated into the Winter Springs City Code and any section or paragraph
number or letter and any heading may be changed or modified as necessary to effectuate the
foregoing.
Section 5. Severability. If any section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase, word or
provision of this Ordinance is for any reason held invalid or unconstitutional by any court of
competent jurisdiction, whether for substantive, procedural, or any other reason, such portion shall
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 23 of 24
be deemed a separate, distinct and independent provision, and such holding shall not affect the
validity of the remaining portions of this Ordinance.
Section 6. Effective Date. This Ordinance shall become effective immediately upon
adoption by the City Commission of the City of Winter Springs, Florida, and pursuant to the City
Charter.
ADOPTED by the City Commission of the City of Winter Springs, Florida, in a regular
meeting assembled on the 13th day of October ,2003.
JOHN F. BUSH, MAYOR
ATTEST:
ANDREA LORENZO-LUACES
CITY CLERK
Approved as to legal form and sufficiency for
the City of inter Springs only:
Anthony A. Garganese, City Attorney
First Reading: September 22, 2003
Second Reading and Adoption: October 13, 2003
Effective Date: See Section 6.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 24 of 24
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
APPENDIX A: UNDESIRABLE TREES
Mimosa, silk tree
Woman's tongue
Orchid tree
Bischofia
Carrotwood
Australian pine
Albizia ju/ibrissin
A/bizia /ebbeck
Bauhinia variegata
Bischofia javanica
Cupaniopsis anacardioides
Casuarina litorea
(=C. equisetifolia)
Casuarina glauca
Cinnamomum camphora
Ficus nicrocarpa
LJgustrum lucidum
Ligustrum sinense
Me/aleuca quinquenervia
Melia azedarach
Mimosa pigra
Psidium guajava
Psidium Montana (= P. littorale)
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa
Sapium sebiferum
Scheff/ere actinophylla (-Brassaia actinophylla)
Suckering Australian pine
Camphor tree
Laurel fig
: Glossy privet
Chinese privet, hedge privet
Melaleuca, paper bark
Chinaberry
Catclaw mimosa
Strawberry guava
Guava
Downy rose-myrtle
Popcorn tree, Chinese tallow tree
Schefflera, Queensland umbrella tree
Brazilian pepper, Florida holly
Schinus terebinthefolius
Tung~oil tree
Paper mUlberry
Australian pine
Indian rosewood, sissoo
Ear-pod tree
Goldenrain tree
Lead tree
Senegal date palm
Castor bean
Rose-apple
Aleurites fordii
Broussonetia papyrifera
Casuarina cunninghamiana
Dalbergia sissoo
Enterolobium contortisilquum
-- KoetreutfJrlaetegMs
Leucaena leucocepha/a
Phoenix reclinata
Castor bean
Syzygiumjambos
0309treeord. xlsAppendixA
1
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
TABLE 1: TREE REPLACEMENT STANDARDS
4' UJ' '0 butno' inclUdin~f 0';__ _ _ +-I-;~:;i~;'~. ._ _ __$250
8~'ue!ol:,-utnotJn~luciing 12" 2 ~f 2 ... -------~--+ pref~~~~;t~nt(~S-+ -i-------- _________ $500
l~"up_t()_butnotil1~}ll~illgJ~"__+__---L-- I --j . _ _ I ----L---j____ $750
i-r- i-nun-NOt ~JIO~~~___! i p~ef~~~d~t~~t(s): i-------- -
~6T4~t:~' n:c1Udin=2~_J==-=0 Be ~Oserved - ... i~TON;~~d ... tj ~o~i~;;~=~i~1:~rese've~~__ _ ... ~$~'OOO
*These amounts may be adjusted biannually to compensate for increases to costs of plants as well as to costs of installation and establishment.
030921 treeord .xls Table 1
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
APPENDIX B: DESIRABLE TREES
Bald cypress Taxodium distichum 15 gal; 6' min hgt 25 gal; 1 0' min hgt
Bald c ress Taxodium distichum 65 gal;14' min hgt
Black gum, swamp Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora 15 gal; 6' min hgt 30 gal; 10' min hgt
tupelo
Carolina cherry laurel Prunus caroliniana 15 gal; 6' min hgt 30 gal; 10' min hgt
Chinese elm (Drake) Ulmus parviflora 15 gal; 9' min hgt 30 gal;10' min hgt
Cahoon /lex cassine 15 gal; 6' min hgt 30 gal; 10' min hgt
Cahoon /lex cassine 15 gal; 6' min hgt 65 gal; 10' min hgt
Florida elm Ulmus americana f10ridana 15 gal; 6' min hgt 30 gal; 7' min hgt
Laurel oak Quercus laurifolia 15 gal; 6' min hgt N/A
Live oak Quercus virginian a 15 gal; 7' min hgt 30 gal; 10' min hgt
Live oak Quercus virginiana 65 gal; 12' min hgt
Live oak Quercus virginiana FG; 4.5" min caliper
Lon leaf ine Pinus palustris 15 gal; 6' min hgt 30 gal; 9' min hgt
Pignut hickory Carya glabra 15 gal; 6' min hgt 30 gal; 9' min hgt
Red maple Acer rubrum 15 gal; 8' min hgt 30 gal; 10' min hgt
Red maple Acer rubrum 65 gal; 12' min hgt; 3"
caliper
Red ma Ie Acer rubrum FG; 4" caliper
Sand live oak Quercus geminata 15 gal; 6' min hgt FG; 3" min caliper
Slash ine Pinus e/liottii 15 gal; 6' min hgt 30 gal; 9' min hgt
Southern magnolia Magnolia grandiflora 15 gal; 6' min hgt 30 gal; 8' min hgt
Southern ma nolia Magnolia grandiflora 65 gal; 10' min hgt
Southern magnolia Magnolia grandiflora FG;12' min hgt; 2.5" cal
Sugarberry, Celtis laevigata 15 gal; 6' min hgt 30 gal; 8' min hgt
hackberry
Sweetbay Magnolia virginiana 15 gal; 6' min hgt FG; 10' min hgt
Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua 15 gal; 6' min hgt 30 gal; 10' min hgt
0309treeord.xls
2:1 30-70' mature height, deciduous, bronze fall color, chartreuse
spring color
3:1
2:1 50-75' mature height, orange-red fall color, deciduous, prefers wet
soils
2:1 40' mature height, evergreen, glossy leaves, black fruits
1:1 Medium tree, evergreen, attractive bark, fine texture
2:1 40' mature height, evergreen, red fruits on female trees
3:1
3:1 60-70' mature height, deciduous, long living, shade tree
100' mature height, begins to deteriorate at about 50 years
2:1 100-150' mature height, majestic spread, evergreen, long-lived
4:1
5:1
3:1 80-125' mature height, high branching
2:1 40-80' mature height, kernal inside nut is edible, shade tolerant
2:1 50-120' mature height, red spring flowers, orange-red fall color
4:1
4:1
5:1 Small to medium sized tree, dark green leaves, asymmetric form
3:1 80-125' mature height, high branching
3:1 60' mature height, large glossy leaves, showy white flowers
4:1
5:1
2:1 60-80' mature height, fruit attracts birds, large graceful form,
prefers moist soils, soft wood
3:1 60' mature height, creamy white flowers, seed cone with bright
red seeds, evergreen, leaves with whitish undersides, prefers wet
soils
3:1 60-120' mature height, yellow fall color, deciduous, seeds in spiny
balls
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
APPENDIX B: DESIRABLE TREES
Sycamore Platanus occidentalis 15 gal; 6' min hgt 30 gal; 10' min hgt 3:1 80-100' mature height, varicolor bark, golden fall color, deciduous
Water ash, Carolina Fraxinus carolinian a 15 gal; 6' min hgt N/A 30-40' mature height, soft wood, bright green compound leaves,
ash prefers moist areas
Water oak Quercus nigra 15 gal; 6' min hgt 30 gal; 10' min hgt 2:1 95' mature height; dull, bluish green foliage; shade tree
Winged elm Ulmus alata 15 gal; 6' min hgt 30 gal; 10' min hgt 3:1 50-80 feet mature height, corky winged bark; rusty fall color
0309treeord.xls
2
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
APPENDIX B: DESIRABLE TREES
Camelia Camelia spp. FG; 8' min height FG; 8' min height
Carolina willow Salix caroliniana 15 gal; 6' min hgt N/A
Chapman oak Quercus chapmanii 15 gal; 4' min hgt N/A
Chickasaw plum Prunus angustifolia 15 gal; 6' min hgt 30 gal; 6' min hgt
Crape myrtle Lagerstroemia 15 gal; 6' min hgt 30 gal; 8' min
hgt;standard
Devils-walking-stick Aralia spinosa 15 gal; 5' min hgt N/A
Festive holly /lex X Festive ™ 15 gal; 4' min hgt 30 gal; 6' min hgt
Florida anise tree Illicium f10ridanum 15 gal;40" min hgt N/A
Flowering dogwood Comus florida 15 gal; 6' min hgt FG; 3.5" min caliper
Fringe tree Chionanthus virginicus 15 gal; 5' min hgt 30 gal; 6' min hgt
Hercules-club, prickly Zanthoxylum clava-herculis 15 gal; 5' min hgt N/A
ash
Ja anese rivet Ligustrum japonicum 15 gal; 5' min hgt 30 gal; 6' min hgt
Little Gem magnolia Magnolia grandiflora 'Little Gem' 15 gal; 6' min hgt 30 gal; 7' min hgt
Little Gem magnolia Magnolia grandiflora 'Little Gem' 65 gal; 10' min hgt
Loquat Eriobotrya japonica 15 gal; 6' min hgt 30 gal; 8' min hgt
Musclewood, Carpinus caroliniana 15 gal; 6' min hgt 15 gal; 6' min hgt
American hornbeam
M rtle oak Quercus myrtifolia 15 gal; 5' min hgt 15 gal; 5' min hgt
Oakleaf holly /lex X 'Oakleaf 15 gal; 6' min hgt 30 gal; 8' min hgt
Podocarpus, Nagi Podocarpus nagi 15 gal; 6' min hgt N/A
Podocarpus, Yew Podocarpus macrophy/lus 15 gal; 6' min hgt N/A
Red mulber Morus rubra 15 gal; 6' min hgt N/A
0309treeord.xls
2:1 Showy spring flowers
20-30' mature height, good for erosion control, soft green foliage,
black ridged bark, prefers moist to wet soils
Small tree, evergreen, prefers well-drained soils
3:1 Small spreading tree, armed, white flowers before leaves emerge
in spring
1: 1 Showy flowers, evergreen
15-20' mature height, umbrella-like crown, large white flower
clusters, spines, spreads freely
1: 1 Pyramidal evergreen, spiny foliage, 10' mature height
20' mature height, maroon-red flowers, prefers moist soils,
compact and dense form
3:1 20-30' mature height, showy white spring bracts, red autumn colo
20-30' mature height, upright branches forming dqme shape,
white delicate flowers, golden fall color
Small armed tree, deciduous
2:1 15' mature height, evergreen, upright spreading form
3:1 20-25' mature height, showy white flowers, dark green glossy
leaves
4:1
2:1 Medium tree, evergreen, dark green foliage, dark yellow fruits,
fruits edible
2:1 Small tree, deciduous, prefers moist to occassionaly wet soils,
prefers shade to partial shade, trunks "muscle-like"
2:1 Small, scrubby tree; evergreen, prefers drier soils
1:1 14-20' mature height, upright to pyramidal form, evergreen, red
berries, oak-shaped leaves
40' mature height, strongly upright, symmetrical branching,
evergreen, dark green foliage
50' mature height, evergreen, compact, foliated to ground, dark
green foliage
Small tree, lar e leaves, edible fruits, attracts birds
3
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
APPENDIX B: DESIRABLE TREES
Redbud Cercis canadensis var. 15 gal; 6' min hgt 15 gal; 6' min hgt 2:1 20-35' mature height, rosy purple spring flowers, deciduous, high
canadensis branching, sensitive to auto pollutants
Redbud Cercis canadensis var. 30 gal; 8' min hgt 3:1
canadensis
Rusty Iyonia, Lyonia ferruginea 15 gal; 6' min hgt N/A 20-25' mature height, rusty colored new growth, evergreen,
staggerbush crooked and asymmetric form
Silverthorn Elaegnus pungens 15 gal; 6' min hgt N/A 20' mature height; sprawling, weeping form; leaves with silvery
undersides
Southern red cedar Juniperus silicicola 15 gal; 6' min hgt 30 gal; 7' min hgt 3:1 25' mature height, evergreen with reddish-brown bark, prefers
neutral soils, symmetrical when young, often asymmetric and
windswept with age.
Vaccinium arboreum 15 gal; 5' min hgt N/A 20-30' mature height, red fall color, deciduous
Osman thus fragrans 15 gal; 5' min hgt 15 gal; 5' min hgt 1:1 20' mature height, evergreen, open, foliage restricted to branch
tips
Tabebuia Tabebuia spp. 15 gal; 6' min hgt 30 gal; 10' min hgt 1:1 Height variable, not strongly frost hardy
Titi Cyrilla racemiflora 15 gal; 5' min hgt N/A 15-30' mature height, prefers acid to very acid soils, prefers moist
to wet soils, wide spreading branches, white racemes of flowers in
early summer
Tortulosa juniper Juniperus chinensis 'Tortulosa' 15 gal; 5' min hgt 25 gal; 7' min hgt 1 :1
Tou h bumelia Bumelia tenax 15 gal; 5' min hgt N/A Small tree, coppery leaf undersides, scrubby form
Turkey oak Quercus laevis 15 gal; 5' min hgt N/A 20-30' mature height; copper fall color; deeply lobed leaves;
prefers sandy, well-drained soils
Walter's viburnum Viburnum obovatum 15 gal; 5' min hgt 25 gal; 7' min hgt; 2:1 12-20' mature height, white spring flower clusters, prefers moist to
standard wet soils
Wax myrtle Myrica cerifera 15 gal; 5' min hgt 25 gal; 7' min hgt 2:1 15-20' mature height; dark blue, chalky fruits; olive-green foliage,
evergreen, low maintenance
Wax m rtle Myrica cerifera FG; 12' min hgt 3:1
Weeping willow Salix babylonica 15 gal; 8' min hgt 30 gal; 10' min hgt 1: 1 15-25' mature height, draping linear leaves
Wild olive Osmanthus american us 15 gal; 5' min hgt N/A 15-25' mature height, olive-green foliage, beautiful shape in light
shade to sun
Yaupon /lex vomitoria 15 gal; 5' min hgt 25 gal; 7' min hgt, 3:1 20-25' mature height, red-orange translucent fruits, evergreen,
standard often multi-trunked
Yaupon /lex vomitoria 65 gal; 10' min hgt, 4:1
standard
0309treeord.xls
4
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
Cabbage palm Sabal palmetto
Cabbage palm Sabal palmetto
Canary Island date Phoenix canariensis
palm
Date palm Phoenix dactylifera
European fan palm Chamaerops humilis
Needle palm RhapidophyJ/um hystrix
Pindo palm Butia capitata
Pygmy date palm Phoenix roebelenii
Sago palm, King Cycas revoluta
Sago palm, Queen Cycas circinalis
Washington palm Washingtonia robusta
10' min hgt
15 gal; 40" min hgt
15 gal; 3' min hgt
15 gal; 3' min hgt
15 gal; 3' min hgt
15 gal; 3' min hgt
15 gal; 3' min hgt
15 gal; 3' min hgt
15 gal; 3' min hgt
15 gal; 3' min hgt
Washington palm
Windmill Palm
Washingtonia robusta
Trachycarpus fortunei
15 gal; 4' min hgt
15 gal; 3' min hgt
min hgt = minimum height
min calliper = minimum calliper
g_~I=!;I~II?~__. . __
FG = field rown
0309treeord.xls
APPENDIX B: DESIRABLE TREES
15' min hgt;c1ear trunk
2:1 50-80' mature height, long lived
18' min hgt; clear trunk
3:1
30 gal; 7' min hgt
1: 1 60' mature height, diamond patterned trunk, evergreen, feather-
like fronds
1: 1 80' mature height. pinnate leaves to 10' long. grey-green color
FG; 10' min hgt; clear
trunk
15 gal; 3' min hgt;
multiple
25 gal; 4' min hgt; triple
1: 1 15' mature height, palmate fronds, gray-green color
5:1 3-8' mature height. prefers moist soil. evergreen, palmate fronds.
declining native species
1: 1 20' mature height, pinnate fronds fine texture, blue-green color
25 gal; 6' min hgt
25 gal; 5' min hgt; triple
1:1 8' mature height
30 gal; 4' min hgt
30 gal; 4' min hgt
25 gal; 7' min hgt
1:1 20' mature height, dark green feather-like leaves
1:1 20' mature height, dark green feather-like leaves
1: 1 60' mature height, palmate leaves, rapid growth. develops "shag"
of hanging dead fronds. good as avenue tree
65 gal; 10' min hgt
25 gal; 5' min hgt
1: 1
1: 1 20' mature height. palmate fronds. gray-green color
5
APPENDIX C
CALCULATING TREE PROTECTION ZONE
The following guidelines shall be applied to determine the Tree Protection Zone:
1. Evaluate the species tolerance of the tree: good, moderate, or poor (See list on next page)
2. Identify tree age: young (< 20% of the trees life expectancy), mature (20% - 80 % orthe trees
life expectancy), or overmature (>80% of the trees life expectancy)
3. Using the table below, find the distance from the trunk that should be protected per inch of
trunk diameter.
4. Multiply the distance by the trunk diameter to calculate the optimum radius (m f~t) for the
tree protection zone.
Example:
A healthy 60- year old, 30" diameter California black walnut (poor tolerance, mature age)
1.25' X 30" = 37.5'radius tree protection zone.
Species Tolerance
Tree Age
Distance from trunk
feet (per inch trunk diameter)
Good Young 0.5'
Mature 0.75'
Overmature 1.0'
Moderate Young 0.75'
Mature 1.0'
Overmature 1.25'
Poor Young 1.0'
Mature 1.25' . .
Ovennature 1.5'
Source: Trees and Development. a Technical Guide to Preservation of Trees Durinfl Land
Development, Nelda Matheny and James Clark, 1998, International Society of Arboriculture,
Champaign, IL
Rdative
Common name Sdcnt1flc name tolerance 1 Comments Soutc:e
.-
Balsam fir Abia balsam~ Good Tolerant oC r.oot loss and saturated ~olls. Hightshoe
White fir Abks conc.olor Moderate Tolerant of root .loss. Intolerant of saturated.and high salt salls. Day, Hightshoe
Acada Acacia 5pp. Poor (nlolerant of root Injury, -( M11thcny & CIMK
Florida maple Ac" barbatum Moderate Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentalizaUon). .
. . Response ,constrained by soli aeration and water availability. ' Coder
Vine maple Aca drclnatum Good.. Best retained as clumps. Peepre
Chalk maple AcC!T l~cJln~ Poor Response is site dependent. Coder
Blgleaf maple AafJ11acrophyllwn GoOd' Select specimens w1th good crown structUre.
.' Tolerant qf roOt pruning and Injury but not of fill. Beck
Blgleaf maple Acer mtiaaphyllum .Poor:': Declines folloWing addItion of fill. Dunster
Box elder. Ac" nqundo Good Tolerant or root loss and saturatedsoUs, May tolerate some fill, Coder, Hlghtshoe, Sydnor
Select superior lncUviduals for preservation.
Striped ~aple Aar pmsylvanlcum Moderate lntolerant of mechanlcallnJury (poor compartmentallzal1on), Coder
., UrnJted tolerance to mlaocllmale change. Tolerance greatest
wlthln naliVe range.
Norway maple Acn" platanold.es Moderate.good M04erately tolerant of root pruning. S. Clatk, Fraedrlch
Sycamore maple Mer pSlUdDpJatanus Moderate GlIbert
Red maple Acer rubrum Moderate.good Response probably associated with geographic location. Coder, Fraedrlch. Hightslloe
Tolerant of root pruning and saturated soils.
Silver maple Am SlIcchttrlnum pCK)r-03CHierate Ukcly to ~wly die back following root inJury (Day), Coder. Da)',
May toler~te some root prontng (Praedrkh) or loss (Hlghlshoe), l1aedrlch. HIgh13hoe. Sydnor
Some tolerance for crown reduction pruning, fill soils and
saturated solis. Response variable within species (Coder)
Sugar maple Ac~ saccharum Poor.moderate Tolexapt 0' root loss. lnlolerant of saturated and flU soils, $, Oark, l-Ughtshoe, Sydnor
Mountain maple A Ctl' spicn Cum Moderate rntoler~t of me<:hanlcallnlury (poor compartmentalization), Coder
Limited toleran~ (0 microclimate change. Tolerance greatest
within native range.
California buckeye MscullLS call{omiea Good ; Mathen)' &. C1aJk
Red horse.chestnut AescuJus x camea Good Shows good resistance to "contractor pr:eSSUI~," Gilbert
Yellow buckeye Amu/us {lava Poor Intolerant of mechanlca.llnjur)' (poor compartmentallzal1on). Coder
Response constralned by soil aeration and water availability.
Ohio buckeye Aescufus glttbrQ Poor Intermediate tolerance to root loss and saturated salls, Hightshoe, Sydnor
Po at acclimation response. Tolerant of some fill.
Red bu~eye. Mscu1us ptIYia Moderate Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentallz.al1on). Codex
nee of heaven Ailanthus altlsslma Good Tolerant of root pruning. Generally good accllmation Day, Fraedrtch. Sydnor
response following dlsturbance,
lAsslgned ellher by source or by Matheny and Ca.d<.
Relative
Common name Scientific name tolerance 1 Comments So Ll.I1: C
-... ....- . .-
.-\klm A/11m spp. Good Show considerable reslstance to "contractor pmsures," Gllberl
Red <llder AIl/lIS nrbm Poor-moderate Retain only In groups or as Individuals with ~trong taper Beck, Dunster, Peepre
and structure, RelaUvely short-liveq; Intolerant 10 root injury.
Hazel alder Alllus .sanllatn Good ! Cocke
Ser\'iccberr)' Amt~nnc11i", spp. Good Intermediate tolerance to root los.s. Tolerant of saturated solis. Hightshoe, Sydnor
Generally good accllmatlon respome to site change.
DOlI'ny servlceberry Al1ltlmlcl1l(T arbortn Moderate Intolerant of mechankall.nlury (poor compartmentallzation), Coder
Response constrained by soil aeration and water availability,
I )e\'i!'s.wa Iklngstlck Ara1in spillosa Moderate Intolerant of mechanlcallnlury (poor compartmentali2.ation), Codcr
M~drone Arbutus mmzle.sil Poor Intolerant 01 site d\.stwbance. Matheny &. Clark
Pa\\VJ\\' Asimilln 17l1obo Good Coder
(aSlern l.lJccharis Bncc1lnris /rnlil/llfblin Good Coder
Birch BttlJ{n spp. Poor.modera te Intolerant of rool prunlng. Mature aees particularly serultive Gllberl, FraedIich
to development lmpact3,
Yellol\' bitch B~tllla nl/egIlCl/!i~lujs Moderate Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentalization). Coder
Umlted tolerance to microclimate change. Tolerance greatest within
native range. Response vanes .due to soil and water avaJlablUty.
S\\'~et birch Brtllln Imtn Moderate Intermediate tolerance to root loss. Intolerant of saturated soils. Coder, Hlghl.!.h~
intolerant of mechanical Lnlury. Llm1ted tolerance to microclimate
change.Tolerance greatest within native range.
River birch Bnt/1a 1/ ;!m Madera te-good Variable tolerance of root loss and saturated soils. S. Clark, Coder,
Tolerant of minor amounts of flU. HlghlShoe, Sydnor
[laper birch BeCl,ja pnpyrifem Poor-moderate In,tole.rant of constructjon Impactsoutsl~e oC native range; S. Clark, Day,
moderate withln. Prone 10 sunscaJd. Low tolerance to rool injury. Pee pre, Sydnor
. Br~nze birch borer much more severe under stress, Best retained
Ln groups or as select lndMduals.
Gray bIrch B~tzl{C1 popuU{o1in Moderate.good Tolerant of construction lmpacts within native range; moderate S. OaJk, Sydnor
r~p'onse outslde. Construction lmpacts/}njury Increases
su~ceptiblUty to bronze blrch borer.
Gum bumella Bllmel1n InnllgflloSll Moderate Intolerant of mechanical inJury (poor compartmental i2.atio n). Codee
Re~pon~e constrained by soU aeraUon and water availability,
f\\ld:\horn hllm~llil 8llllJ('1J(J 1)'1'kJ1d~,~ ModerClle In\olerant of mechanlcClI inlury (poor compartmentaliultlon). Coder
, Response constrnlne<l by soU aeration and water availability.
Incense ced.<l.r Cnloc:~rlnts drt.1lrnllS Moderate Matheny &. Clark
Blue ~l.'Ch: CorpillllS carolllllmm Moderate Intolerant of loot loss and satwated soils, Swceptible to two-lined Coder, HighlShoe,
hornbeam chestnut borer, particularly under condltions of environmental Sydnor
s~ss. Llmited tolerance 10 cHm/ltlc change. Tole.rancc greatest
wittUn native range.
1 ~igneO elthtr by sou\'Ce,or by Matheny and auk.
Relative
Common name Sdentlfic name tolerancel
Water hickory Ca1ya aquadca Good
Bitternut hickory CAryn corrfi{urmls Good
Bitternut hickory, Carya cordiform Is '. POOt
Pignut hickory Caryag!abra Moderate-good
p~ Ca~ illinomsfs Moderat~.good
Shagbark hickory CaI}U omta ~oderate.good
ShagbaIk hlckory Cal)'l2 o~ta Poor
Sand hlckory CC11}'Q paJllda ' Moderate
Mockernut hickory Caryt2 toma,tofQ 'Mod era te.good
Mockernut hickory CQ1jll1 tomentosa Po()t~moderate '
Plorlda crunkapln Castanea nlnlp,lta Moderate ""\
Allegheny chlnkapln Caftanr:a pumlla Poor:
Ca~pa Catalpa ~p. Moderate .
Southern catalpa Catalpa bignon101d~ Good
Northern catalpa Catalpa spmofa Good'
Deodar cedar ~drus deodara GoOd
Sugame!ry ~ttis lamgata Good
Geo:r:gla hackberry ~tti.s ~nuifolia Moderate
Hackberry Cdtis occ1dmtalls Good
Common bultonbush CephalanthlLf Good
occldentnlls
I<A oura-tree Ccrldlphyt1tan Poor.moderate
japonlcum
Redbud CaN canadmsls Moderate
Alaska yellow.cedar ChnmateyparlJ Good
nootka~TUrf
False cypress Chamaecyparls spp. Good
Pr1 ng~llee Chlonanthus Moderate
virglntcus
1 Assigned d lher by source or by Matheny and Clarl<.
Comments
."
Intermediate tolerance to root loss and saturated,solls.
, Will tolerate some fill. '
Response constraIned by soll aeration and water availability.
Moderately tolerant of construction damage. Tolerant o( some fill.
Wlndflrm, llespollse constrained by soli and water aVlllI;ll>\IIty.
Moderately tolerant of construction damage. Thlerant of some fill.
Moderately tolerant of comtructlon damage. Tolerant of some fill.
Windflrm.
Response constrcUned by ~oU aeration and water availability.
Moderately tolerant of construction damage. Tolerant oC some fUl.
Wlndfurn.
Response constrained by soli aeration and water Availability. '
Pe!t problems associated with development Impacts.
, Pest problems assocIated with development Impacts.
Tolerant of satuIated soUs. Intermediate In tolerance to root Joss.
Gc:neraUy tolerant of disturbance Includlng root Injury. Prone to
basal deca~',
Tolerant of root and crown pruning, Intolerant of exceulve soU
molstuIei; leads to AmrlltaM and PJrytophthora.
[ntolerant of mechanlcalln)ury (poor compartmenta1lt.atlon).
rntolerant of mecharilcallnlury (poor computmentaUzation).
Response:consrralned by soU aeratIon and waler availability.
Tolerant of root loss. intermediate (Hlghtshoe) ot low (Day) In
tolerance to saturated soils.
Intolerant oC mechanlcallnlury (poor compartmenlalll.ation).
Sensitive to fill and root dlsturbance. Requires tree protection
zone at the drlpllne. Requires postconstructJon care,
particularly supplemental iLrigatlon.
Response:constralned by soU aeration and water a vall ab IUty.
Relatively wlndflnn. [nlolerant of chAnges In water
table/soU moisture.
Show considerable resistance to "contractor pressures,"
Intolerant of mechanlca1lnlury (poor compartmentalization).
Response constrained by soli aetaUon and wale! availability,
I
/
'Source
Coder
Hightshoe, S}-dnor
Coder
S. Qar\.:, Coder, Sydnor
S. Clark, Sydnor
S. Clack, S}'door
Coder
Coder
S, Clark, Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Coder
Hlghtshoe
Code!
Day. S}'dnor
Ellis
Coder
Code!
Day, Hightshoe. Sydnor
Coder
Cullen
Codet
Peepre
Gilbert
Coder
/
Relative
Common name Scientific name tolerance1 Comments SOllee
Yellow-lvood Cladrastis /lIttC1 Poor Response Is site dependent Coder
Cinnamon clethra C/tChm tlCIlmlllota Moderate Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentallzation),
Response constralned by soli aeration apd water aVailability, Coder
Duckwheat lIee CU{umlll /IIonopltylla Moderate Intolerant of mechanlcal injury (poor compartmentalizaUon).
Response constrained by.soU aeraUon and water avaUabUlty. Coder
Pagoda dogwood COn/liS a/lull/folin Moderate Jntol~rant of mechanical lnjury (poor compartmentalization). Coder
Flowering dogwood Comus floridn Poor Intolerant of slle disturbance. Sydnor
Flowering dogwood Comlls florldct Moderate Intol~rant of mechanIcal Injury (poor compartmentalization),
Pest problems associated with development lmpacl$, Coder
Pacltic dogwood Comus ttltttrl1ll1 Good Pee pre
Swamp dogwood ComllS strlctct Good Intolerant of mechankallnlury (poor, compartmentalizatIon). Coder
fieaked hOlZeJ CorylllS conl/ltn Good Coder
Hawthorn CmtatSIIS spp. Modera te Jnttrr'!le<:tlate tolerance to root loss and saturated soils. Highl.5hoc
Cocksp\lr hOl\Vlhorn CmtaqllS CTlls-Xttlll Good Seruilive to \v1ndthto\v U canopy raised. Some tolerance Sydnor
10 dlshJrbance. .
\ v.uhington Cmtntgus Good. Suscel?lible to windthrow. Tolerates some dlstuIbance, Sydnor
h.1\\'thom pJlnmoJ7)'Tl1II1
DDt~ hawthorn CttltatlllS pllllCtntct Good Swceptlble to wlndthrow. Tolerates some disturbance. Sydnor
Cypresses CUprtSSIIS spp. Good Show 'considerable resistance to .contractor pressures." Gilbert
~lonterey cypress CllprtSSlls Poor Intolerant of site dLsturbance. . Matheny &. ClaJK
IIIrlCTOCtlrpa
.. Swnmp C}iilli\ CI'rilla TClctmlflorn Moderate intolerant of mechanic.u Injury (poor compartmentaUzaUon). Coder
Persimmon DlospyroJ v1r:11l1m't1 Good Tolerant of saturated SOUSA Pest problems associated with Sydnor
, t
~eve.1opment lmpacts. "
eastern coralbean Etytllrlua IJtrMCtC2 Moderate Intolerant of mechanical lnjury (poor complirtmentaUz.ation). Coder
f.\lcalyprus EucCllypruJ spp. Moderate Moderately tolerant pf root loss.lntoler~t of fl1I. Matheny &. Clark
EaHern wahoo EUOtl)'mllS .Moderate Intolerant of mechanlcallnlWY (poor compartmentalJzatlon), Coder
t1troptrrpur~1S I I
lletrh F~IIS spp.' , Poor Ihtoler~nt of root prunJog. Poor response to lnjury, Fraedrich, Sydnor
Intolerant of fiU soli.
American beech Fagus tTC1l1d1fo1/n Poor ~C'Sponse Is site dependent. Coder
F.urope.1n beech FrlStI., sylvntirn Poor Mature trees partlcl.lli\r)y Sllsceptible. Gllhert
SW:1l1l11 }Jri\"l't Pmt'stimi IIlllmilleUII Good Coder
, F'm:dwlSsPP. Moderate
Ash ~oderately tolerant of root pruning. S. Clark, Fraedrich
White ash F'rnxlll1lS t1mtrlcrllttJ Moderate-good Tolerant of root Joss. Jnlermedlate In tolerance to saturated soUs. S, Clark, Coder,
lr;lIolenint o( meChilnlci\llnj\Uy (poor compartmentalization). Hl~hl.5hoe. Sydnor
I
C.1roilnC\ ash F'Tll.dllilS carol"';nnn Respofl;Se constrained by soU and water availability.
Good - Codet
l Assigned e Ith er by sowce tir by Ma ~henya nd Clark..'
" .
."
Common name Scientific name
Relative
tolerance l
Comments
FClUlnus acdsIDr
Fraxinus nigra
Frax #nus
pmnsylvanl.cn '_
Fraxinus
quadrangulata
Fraxlrrus uhdd
Fraxirws veJuttna
'Mod~to' .
GlIiXgo Ginkgo bJloba
Water locust Glldtwa aquatica
Honey locust Gll!dJtsta trla.canthos
'l f. Inmn[s
Loblolly bay GordonJ(1lasJcmthus
K~tuclcy coffee.tree Gymnocladus diotcus
Europe.a n ash
Black ash
Green ash
Blue ash
Shamel ash
Modesto ash
Carolina sil\'erbcll Halesln corol1nn
Moderate
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
M oduate
1Wo......rirwd sl.h'erbell H(llma diptera Moderate
Uttle sllverbell Hnlesla parvi(iom Moderate
I
Witch-haul Hamamelis vfrglnittna Moderate
Carolina holly Itex amblgua Good
Dahoon nex cassw Good
Large gallberry flex corlaaa Good
PoSsumhaw Ita d<<ldua Good
Mountain llex montana Moderate-good
wlnte:rberry
Myrtle dahoon llex myrti(ol/n Good
Amc:rlcan holly llex opaca Good
eoCnmon wtnteLben'y fla vutJdllata Good
Yaupon holly f/(x wmitorla Good
1 ^~~gnc:d either by source or by Matheny and aul<.
Tolerant of root loss and saturated soils. :(
Tolerant of root pnmlng and loss. Benefits from supplemental
lirlgaUon (0110\'.1ng InJury. Tolerant of saturated soils and fill.
Tolerant of root pruning. Best with Irrigation following disturbance.
Tolerant of root pruning, Requires supplemental inigatlon following
root loss/lnlury.
Tolerant of root pruning.
1blerant of root prunlng and slle disturbance, Intermediate
tolerance to saturated soils.
Intermediate tolerance to root loss and saturated soils,
Tolerant of site dlsturbance.
Intolerant of mcchanlcallnlut)' (poor compartm~ta1lzation).
Response constrained by soU aeration and water availablUty.
Umlted tolerance to mIcroclimate change. Tolerance g~tesl
within native range. .
Intolerant of mechanlcallnlury (poor compartmentalization).
. Response constraIned by soU aeration and water availability.
Intolerant ofmechanlcallnlury (poor compartmentalization),
. Response. constrained by soU aeration and water availability,
Jntolerant of me.chanlcallnlury (poor compartmentaIIzaUon).
Response. constrained by soil aeration and water avallablUty,
Umlt.ed tolerance to mlcrocUmate change. Thlerance greatest
withln native iange.
Tolerates some fill.
Source
Gilbert
Hightshoe
Coder, Day,
Hlghtshoe, Sydnor
Sydnor
RIlls
Matheny & Clark
Fraedrtch, Sydnot
Coder
Coder, Fraedrich.
Hlghlshoe, Sydnor
Coder
H1ghtshoc, Sydnor
Coder
Codel
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder, S}'dnor
Coder
Coder
HcJatin
Common name SdentiBc name tolerance1 Comments Source
Cililomia blrl walnut fl1Jlmu /Iil/(fsii Poor Dies slowly following even m1nor root Inlury or changes to Matheny &: Clalk
water table, Crown reduction pruning may bt fata\. Requires
tree protection zone at or beyond the'drlpllne.
B l:lek walnut Jlls/am nitro Poor-moderate Intoll!Iant of root loS$. lntennedJate tolerance to 5atuIa ted soUs. Hight.slloe, Sydnor
Intolerant of mechanlcalln)ury (poor compartm~tall.z.atton).
Response consUalned by soli aeraUon and water availabWty.
En~Ush walnut JI/glnlls rtKfn Poor Usually grafted onto California black walnut stock. Matheny &. ClarK
Rocky Mountnln JIIll/[X"flIS Poor Sensitive to root prunlng and flU soil, Llk.ely to decline following Day
juniper scopulomm grade change and loss of roots, Very susceptible to borer.;
wh,en stressed,
E.Jstem red cedar jUl/iptnlS y/r,rill/ntlt1 Good Tolerant of root Joss. Intolerant of saturated soils, Intolerant of Coder, Hlghlshoe,
me~hanlcallnlury. Sydnor
Mountain l;lurel Kalmia lnli{olin Good Coder
Tamarack Larix InrlclM Moderate Tol~rant oC root loss and saturated soils. Hlghuhoe
Sweetgum LltpUrlamlxtr Poor-good Jntennedlate respome to fill and root lnlury. Breadth oC S, Clark, Coder,
I
styrao'fllla lol~rance may be due to pre.e.x1stlng site conditions and Matheny & Clark,
within spedes variation. Sydnor
Tullptree Liriodetldron Moderate Intolerant or root pruning. SensiUve to wounding, Fraedrich, Sydnor
tllllplfan lnlole'rant of rnechiUl.1callnlury (poor compartmentalization),
TullptTee c.I ri rxklldrcm Poor Coder
t'1I11plfaa I
Response constralne<l by soU al!Iation and watl!I avallablllty,
Cucum~rtree Mtlt"olia nCltrnluatt1 Moderate Into,lerant of mechanlcallnlWY (poor compartmentalization), Coder
rri\ser magnoUCl Maptolln frnserl Poor Into.lerant or mechanlca1ln)ury (poor compartmentalization),
\.J.m}ted tolerance to microclimate change. 'Tolerance greatest Coder
yrlthln native range.
Southern nlngnolia Mngllo/itl gmtlc1/florn Poor or good Response dependent upon location: good withIn native rangei Math~y & Clark,
poor outside It. rn Calliomla, It decl1ncs following loot Injury Sydnor
and site dlmHbance.
Southern magnolia MCltllolia ,fl'alldiflom . Moderate lntol,erant of mechanicallnlury (poor compartmentalization). Coder
PyrOlmid magnolia MaSllolln pyrnmidntn Poor Intolerant of me<:h a nlca1 Injury (poor compartmentalization). Coder
Umlted tolerance to microclimate change. Tolerance greatest
withIn native range.
Sweet bOl)' Mngllolin ...lrgJllln17n Good I
tolerant of saturated solls. Code1, Sydnor
Apples MaIllS spp. Moderate GUbert
SO\lthern crabapple Mntlls nllgusd{oltn Moderate tntol~rant of mechanicalln)ury (poor compartmentalizatlon). Coder
Umlted tolerance to mlcrocUrnate change. Tolerance gJeatest
withln native range. Pest problems assodated with development
Impac:t'S.
. ,
1 As~l&ned either by so\Uc~ or by Matheny and Oarle. . ,
!
Common narn~ Scientific name
Relative .
tolerance.1
Sweet crabapple Malus cOTOnarla.
Moderate.good
Apple Malus domestlc" . . Good
Pcalrle crahapple Unlu,( iocn.~ls Good
While mulbeny MOM alba Moderate
WhIle mulbe.uy MolllS alba Good
Red mulbeny Motus TUbra Good
Southem bayberry M}1ica arl{ira. Good
Evergreen baybeny Myrica htttrophylla Good
Water tupelo Nysstt aquatlca Good
Ogeechee rupelo Nyssaogtehe Moderate
'>
Bluk gwn' Nyssa syf\IQtica Good
DevUwood Osmanthus MOderate'
I ammcanus
Arner\can Osbyl2 Yirginlnna Modexatc
hophombeam
I
Soup-.'OOd Oxydmdmm Moderate
arborcum
Sourwood OxydO'ldrum Poor
arboreum
Empress.tree pauJownia tDmmtDsa Good
Redbay Pmta borbonia Good
NOr)Yay spruce PiCll2 a&les Moderate
WhIte spruce Pictl2z'auaz Moderate .
Black spruce PICtl2 mariana Good
Colorado spruce Plcta pungms Moderate
Pinckneya Pinckntya pubms Moderate
Ja~ pine Pinus banJc.slana Good
Canary Island pine Pinus canarltnsis Good
Shortle.aI pine' Pinus tehlnata Moderate-good
Pinyon pme Pinus tdulis Moderate.
tAsrlgned either by sowCt or by Mathe~y and auk.
/
Comments
Intolerant 01 me.chanlcal Lnlury (poor compartlJ!~ntallzatlon),
LImited tolerance to microclimate change. Thlerance grta\r.st
within native range. Pest problems assodated wi'th development
Impacts.
Tolerant of ~ome fill.
Tolerant 01 disturbance. and fill.
Tolerant of disturbance and fiU,
fntolerant of mechanlc.alln)ury (poor compartmentalization),
Response constrained by soil aeration and water avallablllty.
Response constrained by soU aeration and water avallablUty.
Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartment.a.Uzatlon),
Intolerant of root lass and saturated salls. Two.llned chestnut
borer will attack Co~owing disturbance. Response Is site depe.ndenl.
Wlndfirm.
.
Tolerant of sl~e dlrturbance.
Often wtndthrows. Intolerant of root loss.
Tolerant of root loss. Intetuledlate in tolerance to saturated salls,
Tolerant of root loss and saturated salls.
Intolerant of saturated solls, mtermediale In tolerance to root
loss. Often wlndthcows. .
Intolerant of mechanlcalln)ury (poor compartmentalizati'on),
Tolerant of root Joss. Intolerant of saturated solis.
Tends to have stnker Toots dose to trunk.
Pest problems associated with development Impacts. Tolerant of
some fin so\1.
1blerant or root pruning, Intolerant of saturllted and poorly
drained salls. I
Sou rce
Cadel, Sydnor
Sydnor
Sydnor
Matheny &. ChU'k
Sydnor
Coder, Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder, Sydnor
Coder
Coder, H\ghlshoe,
Sydnor
Sydnor
Coder
Sydnor
Coder
Sydnor,
Htghuhoe
Hlgh~hoe
Day, Hightshoe, Sydnor
Coder
Hlghtshoe, SydnOI
Ellis
Coder, SydnOl
Day
Relative
Common name Sdentific name tolerancel
..-....--..-.
Slash pine Pinlls elliottii Good
Spruce pine Pinus gtnbm Good
Austrian pine PilluJ ni,rra Good
Longlea! pine PilllLS pnlqstl'is Moderate.good
Ponderosa pine Pillus.pondaosn Good
Table mountain pine PimLS pungau Moderate.good
Monterey pine Pinus (eldinfn M oder.3te
Red pine Pil/lLS resinos(I Good
PilCh pine PilllLS ri,rjdn Good
Digger pine Pillus sabilliann Moderate
Pond pine PimLS sautilltl Good
White pine PlmLS sl:rOO1LS Moderate
$cOIS pine PiIlUS sylvestris GoQd
Loblolly pine Pltll/S tnedn Moderate-good
Virginia pine 1'111 liS Yirgillln/ltJ Poor-moderate
Virgtnla p\ne Pinus Yir:inlann Good
Plamr tree Plnnan nquatfca Good
Lon<1on plane PJntn/llu X ncerl{olln Poor or good
Plntmms ocddrntnlls ,
f..:lstem sycamore Moderate
Comments
Source
~tem sycamore Platanlls occ;dmtnl~
Westem sycamore P/nlnnllS mcemostI
Popli\rs Popl/1JLS .spp.
F.:ISlem cottonwood l'upullls dd/u/dl:s
Good
Moderate
Good
Modern tt-~ood
~
Western cottonwood POPUllU {mno/ltil
BlgtOOlh aspen Popl/llLS ,Vtllldldmtot.tt
1.~Il\lb:HtI}' popl~r Pupulus /li,Vn
'lla1lc:a'
Poor
Poor-moderate
Madera te-good
I As.slgned dther by source or by Matheny and Clark.
Tolerant of some fill and root pruning/injury.
Umlted tolerance to mlcrocllmate,change. Tolerance greatest
within native range.
Tolerant oC fill within drlpllne and root pruning. Intolerant of poor
d.ulrlage, overwatering, and h1gh-~oluble salts.
Umlted tolerance to mlcroclLmate change. ToltlaOC'e greal~t
w:lthln native [clOge.
Requires supplemental irrigation following dlsturbaoC'e.
Tolerant of root loss. Jntolerant of saturated sol.ls,
Tolerant of root loss. Intolerant of sat\1rated .$oUs or chang~
In soU moisture. Response often slte dependent.
To\e.rant of root loss. Intolerant of saturated soils.
MQdcrate tolerance to root Joss. Intolerant of saturated solli.
Inl!uy Increases swceptlblUty to sou1hem pine beetle.
Plene to wlndthrow and root decay.
--.-
Response appear.s to be location dependent.lneastern V.S.,
. str~s intolerant In northern part of range. In California,
very tolerant. .Benefits horn suppJementallnigaUon.
IntennecUate tolerance to constructlon damage. Moderate
tolerance of rut soU.
Show considerable reslslance to "contractor presssures."
Intermeolnte 10 good tolerilnce of root loss, fill soli, and
saturilted soils.
Prone to wlndthrow and decay.
Tol~ri\nt or [00\ Joss, Intolerant of saturated SOlll,
Tolcumt of minor amountl of fill. IntoJel'2lnt of chcmges In
soUrnolsture. Decays rapidly. SusceptlbJe to windthrow.
Coder
Coder
Day, Sydnor
Coder
Day
Coder
IJlls
Hlghlsl1oe, Sydnor
Coder, Sydnor
Matheny & Clark
Coder
Coder, Hlghlshoe,
SydnoI
HlghlShoe, Sydnor
S. Clark, Coder, Sydnor
Matheny &: C\iuk.
Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Matheny I)( Clark,
Sydnor
S. Clatk, Sydnor
Coder
Matheny & Clark
Gilberl
S. Clark, Coder,
Highlshoe, Sydnor
Matheny & Clark
Hlghlshoe, Sydnor
Beck
Relative
Common name Scientific name tolerance 1
..
Plains cottonwood Populus sargmtii Moderate
QuakJng aspen Populus n-emuloid(s Moderate
Blad: cottonwood Populus t:richocarpa Poor
American plum PrwlUS amencana Moderate
ChIoosaw plum Prunus angustifolla Moderate
Caro Una La urelche flY Prunus caroUnlana Good
Canada plum PrurIUS nIgra Moderate
Fire cheny Prunus ptn.Sylva/1k.a Moderate
Black cheery Pnmus suotina Poor
Black cherry Prunus saotinn Moderate
F1atwoods plum P,UnuS umbellalJl Moderate
DougLu.fir PStudotsugn Poor.good
Inalz!esli
Hopace Pt.dcnui/Otiarn Moderate
Callery pear Pf1'us c.allcrynnn Moderat~
Oa~ Quarus SFp. Moderate
Coast live oak Quercus atli{olIn Good
I
Whlte oak Q~n:w alba Poor ,
While oak QIJOCUS alba Moderate ,
White oak Qzurcus alba Good
Swamp white oak Quc:m1S l:Jlcolor Good
Scarlet oal: QUCl'CllS ax:clnm Poor-modera te
Sorlet oak Q~lCusccx:dnca Good
Durand oak Quarus dll1'andli Good.
Souther.n red oak Qllrn:us {okala Moderate.good
Chwybark oak QU(fCUS fit"arn Good
I Vat. pagcxfae{olia
I Assl&T}ed either by source or by Matheny and Clark.
Comments
Defoliation and dleback may follow excessive root loss.
Intolerant of crown reduction pruning. Supplemental lrrlgation
required Collowing root miuey, Tolerant of some grade change.
Tolerant of root loss. [ntolerant oC saturated salls,
Mature tree.s prone to wlndthrow and hunk failure.
Intolerant oC mcc.hanlcallnlury (poor compar1mentallz.ation).
Response constrained by .soli aeration and water avaUablllty.
Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmental1zation).
Response constrained by soU aeration and water avallabUlty,
Toletant of root loss. lntolerant of saturated.solls.
Intolerant of mechanical inJury (poor compartmentaUzation).
Intermediate tolerance to roo.t loss. Intolerant of nturat~d soUs,
Select young, vigorous IndMduals for preservation.
Intolerant of mechanical In(ury (poor compartmentaUzation).
Intolerant of mechanlcallnlury (poor compattmentaliz.ation),
Tolerant of 011 soli If limited to one-<\uarter of root lone.
However, may decline slowly following adcUtion of fill.
Tolerates root pruning. Intolerant of poor drainage.
Susceptlble to bark beetles following Injury.
Intolerant of mechanlcal1njury (poor compartmentalization),
Intolerant oC root pruning.
Sensitive to addition oC fill soli around base of trunk.
Intolerant oC frequent summer lrrlgation. Bark IS sensitive
to sunburn followIng pruning.
Intolerant of root loss and satutated soas,
A cornman survivor of construcUon activity. Moderate
tolerance to fill soil. Response constrained by soil aeration
and water avallabUlty.
Toler.ant of some flU.
[ntolerant of construction inlury,
Largely intolerant of construction Injury,
/
Source
Day
Day, High15h~
PC'epre
Coder
Coder
Coder
Hlghlshoe
Coder
High~hoe, Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Beck, Dunster
Coder
Fraedrlch
G 11 be.rt
Matheny & Clark
Hlghtshoe
S, Clark
Coder, Sydnor
Day, S}'dnor
S, Oark, Sydnor
Coder
Coder
S. Clark, Coder, S)'dnor
Coder
Common name
Relative
to1erance1
Scientific name
Oregoo white oak Quercus ganyann
ShIngle oak Quercus ImOrlcnrlCl
BlueJack oak Quae"s Incnnn
California black oak. QlIa-cll~ktlJoggil
Turkey oak Qua-Cf4 laMs
Laurel oak Ql/anlS lallrifolin
Good
Good
Good
Moderate
Good
Moderate
Valley oak
O\'ercup oak
Bur oak
Quaem /oOOla
Quacus lyra to
Qllan/s nUlCTocllrfXl
Moderate
Good
Moderate
Bur oak QltmllS mncrocnrpo Good
Blackjack oak QUQOLS' mnrilnnrfica Good
Swamp chestnut OakQIlat'l1S mlchntIJcil . Good
. Chinquapin oak Q11mltS Good
Im/ehlen~ll
Watc oak QuemtS .lIlgret Good
Pin oak Qutt'C'W palustrU Modera teo-good
WiUowoak Qumus phtIJos . Moderate.good
Chestnut oak Quemtr J1rlmtS Moderate.good
Northern red oak QllemtS rubra Moderate.good
Shumard oak QuerrttS s}mm(lrdil Good
Pon oak QUa'Cm sullntn Poor.good
11I:Jd:aak QItc'ft.1IS wJulllln Moderote
Ulack oak QumllS vtlutlnn Good
Uve oak QUatltS VI'r: In lmt(1 Good
I A5s1gnr:<l ellhet by $ource 01 by Matheny and Clark.
,.
Comments
Subject 10 nutritional problems. when al1callne subb~ Is used.
Intolerant of extreme variation 10 moisture, Poor
compartmentalization response,
Intolerant of summer Irrigation and rul soil.
Relatively tolerant of root Injury, although may be associated
with crown dleback, SupplementaltrTlgatlon requ1red following
root injury. Intermediate tolerance to saturated salls
(prilrle lUeas, U.S.). .
Tolerant of fill and compacted solls (eastern U.s.)
Tolerant of site dhnubance.
Tolerant of satwated solis.
Intermediate tolerance of root los.s and saturated soUs,
,Response constrained by soU aeratlon and water availability.
Response constrained by soU aerado~ and water avallabWty.
Tolerant under good growing condltlans.
Response constrained by soU aeration and water avallabUlty.
Llm\ted tolerance to microclimate change. Toleran~ gTe;1test
within naUve range. Tolerant of root loss.
Vanallon may be ~eograph1c In ongln; poor In south,
good In mideastern U.S. (Ohio).
Inlolerant of rool los.s and saturated $0113.
Hlgh tolerance for various soli types lU well as trenchJng,
co~paction, and drought. Good compartmentalization response.
Umlted tolernnce to site change. 'folerance greatest withln
native ~.
Source
Bell, Matheny & CJ<lI'k
Sydnor
Coder
Ma\heny &. Clark
Codex
SlebenlhaJer
Matheny &. Clark
Coder
Day, Hlghlshoe
Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Coder, Sydnor
Coder, Sydnor
S. Clark, Hlghtshoe,
Sydnor
Coder, Sydnor
Coder, Sydnor
Coder, Hlghlshoe,
Sydnor
Coder, SydnOl
S. Oark. Coder, Sydnor
Hlghtshoe. Sydnor
Cadet
Coder, Sieben thaler,
Sydnor
"
Common name Sdentlfic name
Relative
tolc:rance1
Commen ts
. . .-.-...-.-..- ...-.----- ........ --. . ...-.... ........-.....-......- ... . .....----. . "--
Carol11a buckthom Rhamnus carollnlana
Catawba
rhododendron
Rosebay
rhododendron
ShIning sumac
Smooth sumac
Stag horn sumac
Black locust
WUlow
Weeping wUlow
RhocfrxttnctTon
catnwbknse
Rhodorlmdron
nuu/mlan
Rhus copa1lina
Rhus sin bra
Rhm typhl1U1
Roblnra ps~udoacacJa
Srl/lx spp.
Salix babylonlca
Coa.mJ plain willow Sallx carol1n/nna
Black wUlow Sallx nigra
Silky willow
Sall.x smwI
American elder Sambucus cananmsis
Sassalras Snsscifrm nib/dum
c..lifomia peppernee
Co..~t redwood S~'llloiQ
Sa71pavirrns
r.l~l\t redwood ~qlJO/admdron
glgnnteJ/m
MOllntilln a~h Sorous 1IIICuJXlrla
^lllt'rki\/1 bladdernut StnplryJea tJifo1i(l
V1rl::ln\;\ slcwilltla Stc:wartja
m(fltlcod~ndrrm
MOlllllain stew3rtla Stfflart1a omta
^llll.'rll";\1\ ~nClwlx:1I Styrax nmmcann
lIigll,,,r SIIO\vbcll
Commlln S\\,(.,\.tlt':.r 5)'111/110cos l1nctorla
Styrax grmldJ{olla
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Good
Good
Moderate.good
Moderate.good
Good
Good
Good
POOl
Good
Schinlls moll~
Good
Moderate
Moderate
Good
Good
Good
Moderate
Mode'rate
Good
I A'~I):II\'\1 \'111\\'1 h>' 5I1nr(.~ Ilt by Mi\\heny.and eJuk.
Intolerant'of mechanical Injury (poor (ompartmentallzatlon).
Response constrained by soU aeration and water avallablllty.
Intolerant of me-chanlcal inlury (poot compartmentaliZAtion).
Intolerant of mechanical inlury (poor compartmentalIzation).
rntolerant of mechanical injury (poor compartmentalization).
Intolerant of mechanlCllllnlury (poor compartmentalizatIon),
Regenerates quickly (rom root sprouts following disturbance.
Tolerant of loot loss and fill soU, Intolerant of $aturated solis.
Sen.sltive to borers when stre.s.sed.
Moderately tolerant of Toot pruning and fill soli. Show conslclmble
resistance to "contractor pressures."
Disturbance may lead to cankering. Tolerant of some fill.
Increased llkcl.lhood of windlhrow wHh saturated salls,
Tolerant of root loss and saturated soils. Tolerant of some flll.
Response Ls site dependent.
Regenaates from root suckers following disturbance,
Moderate
Suppleroentallrr1gatlon required If located out of native range,
iUWel1 M dwing construction and following tnjwy.
lntolerant of summer Irrigation and fill soU,
Tolerant of root los.s. Intermediate In tolerance"to saturated .solis.
Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentalization),
Response constrained by soU aeration and water availabilIty,
lntol~rant of mechanical injury (poor compartrnentallz.aUon).
Response consaalned by .soU aeration and water avaUabUlty.
Intolerant of mecl1anlca11nlury (poor compartmentalization). -
Source
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Sydnor
Hlgh15hoe, Sydnor
DilY, priledrich. Gllberl
S, Clark, Sydnor
Coder
Coder. Hlgh15hoe.
Sydnol
Coder
Coder
Code.!, Sydnor
E.lli..s
Matheny &. CIJrl:
Matheny & Clark
Hlghtshoe
Codes
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Common name Scientific name
Relative
tolerance}
S, Clark, Coder,
Slebenthale.r
(lald.cypress Taxodium disDCllulll
Good
llonct cYt>less Tnxodiltlll rliitic1l1Ull Good
Vat. Ill/tans
Korthem white cedar Thuja ocddrotalis Good
VVeSlern re.d cedar TIII/jn plfautl Good
\^,'~Iern red ced:\! 17m]a pl1cntn Poor. moderate
linden 1ilin spp. Moderate-good
"
8ass\\'ood 'nUn nIHC?ictT/ln Poor
(;lJolina basswood nUa cnroliuiCllln Poor
While basswood 1ilin tlMoptly/lCl Poor
Poison sumac ToxjCOff~lIdrol/ Moderate
'~llIix
[.astern hemlock TSllgn ca/lndensis Poor
\ \4:stem hen\lcx:~ TSlCgn J~~rop/ly/ln Poor-moderate
qlY: UllllltS spp. Good
Winged elm Ulmus alatn Good
AmeriGIO elm ut /ll1IS ClllltriCtllln Good
AIII('ril'all dill WIIlI/.f nlllt'ffmlln Mode'rate
Siberian elm [/Ill/liS puml1n Good
Slippery elm Ulmus rubm Good
$lipp<'ry.dm U1/11I1S mbrn Moderate
C:lliiornla lJa)' Umbl:l1ulnrla Moderate
cnll(omlcn
Sparkleberf)' Vacdrlilllll arbortllln Moderate
Possumlli\l'I'vibumum VlbunrulII /luduIII Good
Walter's viburnum YibllmullI obovatlml Good
I As\i!;lwd dIll". h~' sourc~ ur hy M:llhen)1 and Glarl:..
Comments
Adapts readl\y.to wide range of solls, wet to dry, sand)'
to heavy. Tokunt of alkaUne soils. Trunk does not disturb
pavement but knees may (merge In yards,
,
Tolerant of root loss, some fUl, and saturated solls,
Relatively windfinn. Intolerant of changes In water
table/soU moisture.
Response is very site dependent, probably related to soil molstu[~,
Intolerant oC fill.
Moderately tolerant of root pruning. Considerable re1utance to
"contractor pressures."
1blerant of root loss. Intolerant.of saturated soUs. Intolerant of
site disturbance and fill,
Respo!lse ls site dependent,
Response Is sIte dependent.
Intolerant of mechanical injury (pOOl compartmentall2.ation).
Intolerant of fill and saturated soils.
Prone to wlndthrow, d~y, and dwarf mistletoe. Intolerant of
grade change. Poor compartmentalization.
Tolerant of root pruning,
I.'"
Tolerant of root loss and site disturbance. Intermediate In
tolerance to saturated soIls.
Pest problems associated wIth development Impacts
(sQutheastem U.S.).
Tolerant of fm soU, root PNlling, inlury, a wIde range of soU
moIsture conditions, and high.soluble saJu,
Tolerant of root loss. tntermedlate in tolerMce to saturated soils,
Pest problems associated wIth development lmpacts
(soulheast(rn U.s.)
Intolerant of fill soU,
Response Is sHe dependent,
Source
Coder
Hlghcshoe, Sydnor
Peepl e
neck, Dunster
S. Clark, GlIbw,
Fraedrich
Hlghtshoe, Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder, Sydnol
Beck. Dunster, Peepre
fraed rich
Coder
Day, HJghlShoe, Sydnor
Coder
Day
Hlghtshoe
Coder
Matheny & Clark
Coder
Coder
Coder
Common name
Relative
tolerance 1
Comments
Source
Sdentiftc name
Rusty black haw
HercuJes club
Viburnum OIfidulum
Znnthoxylllm
clQvtl.hacllfu
Good
Moderate
Intoll'rant of mechllnlcaJ Inlury (poor comparlmenlllllzntlon)
Ccxler
Coder
\ Assigned ellhcr by SOllrce or by Matheny llnd CI;lrk.
REFERENCES
Beck, M. 1996. Northwest Arborvitae, WoodlnvUle, WA. Personal
communlcat\on.
BeU, H. 1996, ANEW LEAF, Merlin, OH. Personal communication.
Clark, S. 1996. Steve Clark Sc Assodates, Blentwood, TN. Personal
communica tion,
Coder, K.D. 1996. Univenity of Georgia, Athens. Personal communication.
Cullen, S, 1996. Coo..sulting aiborlst, Greenwkh, cr. Pe.r5Ol1a1 rommunlcation,
Day, S. 1996. Day & Associates, L1ttleton, CO. Personal communication.
Mis, D. 1996. Deborah ElIls, Horticultural Consultant, Saratoga, CA.
Personal communication.
,., I,
Fraedrlch. B. 1995, Solutions of tree and sidewalk contucu. City Tree.s.
pp, 13-15. May-June 1995. .
Gilbert, 0, 1996. Retaining trees on corutruction sites. ArvoriClt!twnJ
Journal. 20:39-45, . .
Hlghtshoe, G. 1988. Nativ~ Trees, Sllntbs and Vines for Urban anrl Ruml
A mmca. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. 819 pp.
Pecpre. J.S. Undated, SaYing Natiy~ Trees in the Lower Malll/owl. Vancouver,
Be: j.P. Pee pre &: Assodates.
. Slebenthaler,). 1996. Clearwater, Fl.. Pe~onal communlcalion.
Sydnor, T. 1996. Ohio S~ate Unlyerslty, Columbus, OH, Personal
communication.
,,;~,
APPENDIX D: TREE PROTECTION AREA SIGNAGE
TREE
PROTECTION
AREA
Machinery, Dumping, Construction,
Parking, or Storage of Any Materials is
PROHIBITED
By City of Winter Springs
Violators are subject
to municipal infraction citations of up to
$5000 per violation.
Enforced by the City of Winter Springs
Pursuant to Chapter 5 of the City Code
The sign shall be made of rigid material such as wood, metal, or durable plastic. Non-rigid materials such
as paper, cardboard, cellophane, or foil are not acceptable. The sign shall be two (2) feet wide by three (3)
feet long.