HomeMy WebLinkAbout2016 02 08 Consent 303 Resolution 2016-04, Seminole County Flood Management PlanCOMMISSION AGENDA
ITEM 303
REQUEST:
Informational
Consent
X
Public Hearings
Regular
February 08, 2016 KS KL
Regular Meeting City Manager Department
The Public Works Department - Stormwater Division requests the City Commission's
approval of Resolution 2016 -04 adopting the Seminole County Floodplain Management
Plan.
SYNOPSIS:
The Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan is a countywide strategy to reduce
hazards caused by flooding. Adoption of the Plan provides eligibility for grant funding and
additional credit points in FEMA's Community Rating System.
CONSIDERATIONS:
At the May 11, 2015 City Commission meeting, the Commission approved
Resolution 2015 -13 adopting the Seminole County Local Mitigation Strategy
(LMS) for 2015 -2020. The LMS is a countywide process that encourages hazard
mitigation to reduce the impacts from disasters, including flooding.
The Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan is a supplement to the Local
Mitigation Strategy that identifies activities that can be undertaken by both the public
and private sectors to reduce safety hazards, health hazards, and property damage
caused by floods. The Plan fulfills the federal mitigation planning requirements and
provides Seminole County and its municipalities a blueprint for reducing the impacts
of flood hazards on people and property.
The City's adoption of the Floodplain Management Plan earns the City credit
points under FEMA's Community Rating System (CRS). CRS credit points are used
Consent 303 PAGE 1 OF 2 - February 08, 2016
as a basis for the City's overall CRS classification, which determines the amount of
the flood insurance premium discount available to homeowners through FEMA.
FISCAL IMPACT:
No funding is required for the adoption of the Floodplain Management Plan
COMMUNICATION EFFORTS:
This Agenda Item has been electronically forwarded to the Mayor and City Commission,
City Manager, City Attorney /Staff, and is available on the City's Website, LaserFiche, and
the City's Server. Additionally, portions of this Agenda Item are typed verbatim on the
respective Meeting Agenda which has also been electronically forwarded to the individuals
noted above, and which is also available on the City's Website, LaserFiche, and the City's
Server; has been sent to applicable City Staff, Media/Press Representatives who have
requested Agendas /Agenda Item information, Homeowner's Associations/Representatives
on file with the City, and all individuals who have requested such information. This
information has also been posted outside City Hall, posted inside City Hall with additional
copies available for the General Public, and posted at five (5) different locations around the
City. Furthermore, this information is also available to any individual requestors. City Staff
is always willing to discuss this Agenda Item or any Agenda Item with any interested
individuals.
RECOMMENDATION:
Staff recommends the City Commission approve Resolution 2016 -04 adopting the Seminole
County Floodplain Management Plan.
ATTACHMENTS:
1. Attachment 1 - Resolution 2016 -04 (2 pages)
2. Attachment 2 - Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan (258 pages)
Consent 303 PAGE 2 OF 2 - February 08, 2016
RESOLUTION NO. 2016 -04
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COMMISSION OF
WINTER SPRINGS, FLORIDA ADOPTING A FLOODPLAIN
MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR SEMINOLE COUNTY AND ITS
MUNICIPALITIES; AND PROVIDING FOR AN EFFECTIVE
DATE.
WHEREAS, the City of Winter Springs is charged with the duty of protecting
health, safety, and welfare of its citizens; and
WHEREAS, the City is vulnerable to a wide range of natural disasters, as
demonstrated by the very high human and economic costs of events that have impacted
the State of Florida in the past decade; and
WHEREAS, the worst flood recorded in Seminole County history occurred in the
year 2008 after the Tropical Storm Fay event; and
WHEREAS, the Tropical Storm Fay flooding event caused over ten (10)
households in Seminole County to be listed as Repetitive or Severe Flood Loss
properties by the Federal Emergency Management Agency; and
WHEREAS, floodplain management is the operation of a community program of
corrective and preventative measures for reducing flood damage; and
WHEREAS, a community's agreement to adopt and enforce a Floodplain
Management Plan helps to reduce the community's risk to flooding; and
WHEREAS, through the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), the
Floodplain Management Plan helps to provide credits to insurance consumers by
adding discounts to flood insurance.
WHEREAS, the City is required to develop and implement a Floodplain
Management Plan as part of the requirements of participation in the Community Rating
System; and
WHEREAS, the Federal Government has implemented new and updated
standards in the Code of Federal Regulation (C.F.R.) which further enhance the
minimum standards previously required; and
WHEREAS, the Floodplain Management Plan complies with the Federal Hazard
Mitigation Planning Standards contained in 44 C.F.R. Part 201 (2015); and
WHEREAS, adoption of this document by the City will provide for continued grant
funding, and discounts available to homeowners on flood insurance policies for Winter
Springs through local mitigation initiatives as approved through the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA),
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COMMISSION OF
WINTER SPRINGS, FLORIDA, AS FOLLOWS:
SECTION I — The Floodplain Management Plan is adopted to supplement
the Seminole County Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS).
SECTION II - This Resolution shall take effect immediately upon adoption by
the City Commission.
Passed and adopted this day of 12016.
CITY OF WINTER SPRINGS. FLORIDA
CHARLES LACEY. MAYOR
ATTEST:
ANDREA LORENZO- LUACES. CITY CLERK
Attachment 2
Floodplain Management Plan
for
Seminole County
And its
Municipalities
SEN41NOiLF COUNTY
FLORIDA'S NATURAL CHOICE
2015 -2020
1 Introduction
Table of Contents
1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................
..............................4
1.1 Planning Approach .........................................................................................................
..............................5
1.2 Topography and Land Use .............................................................................................
..............................7
1.3 Development, Redevelopment and Population Trends ..................................................
..............................9
1.4 Development, Redevelopment and Population Trends ..................................................
..............................9
1.5 The Community Rating System ....................................................................................
.............................11
1.6 References .....................................................................................................................
.............................14
2 Planning Process .....................................................................................................................
.............................15
2.1 Planning Approach ........................................................................................................
.............................15
3 Flood Risk Assessment ...........................................................................................................
.............................20
3.1 Precipitation in Seminole County .................................................................................
.............................20
3.2 Seminole County Water Resources and Watersheds .....................................................
.............................22
3.3 Flood Risks ...................................................................................................................
.............................23
3.4 Historical Flooding ........................................................................................................
.............................27
3.5 Locally Identified Flood Areas .....................................................................................
.............................29
3.6 The National Flood Insurance Program ........................................................................
.............................29
3.7 Future Flood Risk ..........................................................................................................
.............................30
3.8 Flood Impacts ................................................................................................................
.............................31
3.9 Flood Warning Systems ................................................................................................
.............................41
3.10 Natural and Beneficial Areas ........................................................................................
.............................41
3.11 Historical Storms ...........................................................................................................
.............................42
3.12 The St. Johns River .......................................................................................................
.............................43
3.13 References .....................................................................................................................
.............................43
4 Goals and Objectives ..............................................................................................................
.............................44
4.1 Background ...................................................................................................................
.............................44
4.2 Goals .............................................................................................................................
.............................44
5 Preventive Measures ...............................................................................................................
.............................46
5.1 Building Codes ..............................................................................................................
.............................46
5.2 Planning and Zoning .....................................................................................................
.............................47
5.3 Open Space Preservation ...............................................................................................
.............................50
5.4 Subdivision Regulations ................................................................................................
.............................52
5.5 Floodplain Regulations .................................................................................................
.............................52
5.6 Stormwater Management ..............................................................................................
.............................55
5.7 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................
.............................57
5.8 Recommendations .........................................................................................................
.............................57
5.9 References .....................................................................................................................
.............................57
6 Property Protection Measures .................................................................................................
.............................59
6.1 Keeping the Hazard Away ............................................................................................
.............................59
6.2 Retrofitting ....................................................................................................................
.............................62
6.3 Insurance .......................................................................................................................
.............................63
6.4 The Government's Role ................................................................................................
.............................66
6.5 Repetitive Loss Properties and Analysis .......................................................................
.............................68
6.6 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................
.............................69
6.7 Recommendations .........................................................................................................
.............................69
6.8 References .....................................................................................................................
.............................70
7 Natural Resource Protection ...................................................................................................
.............................71
7.1 Wetland Protection ........................................................................................................
.............................71
7.2 Erosion and Sedimentation Control ..............................................................................
.............................73
7.3 River Restoration ..........................................................................................................
.............................74
7.4 Best Management Practices ..........................................................................................
.............................76
7.5 Dumping Regulations ....................................................................................................
.............................77
7.6 Farmland Protection ......................................................................................................
.............................78
7.7 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................
.............................79
7.8 Recommendations .........................................................................................................
.............................79
1 Introduction
7.9 References .....................................................................................................................
.............................79
8 Emergency Services Measures ...............................................................................................
.............................81
8.2 Warning .........................................................................................................................
.............................83
8.3 Response .......................................................................................................................
.............................85
8.4 Evacuation and Shelter ..................................................................................................
.............................87
8.5 Post - Disaster Recovery and Mitigation .........................................................................
.............................88
8.6 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................
.............................90
8.7 Recommendations .........................................................................................................
.............................90
8.8 References .....................................................................................................................
.............................91
9 Structural Project Measures ....................................................................................................
.............................92
9.1 Flood Control Measures ................................................................................................
.............................92
9.2 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................
.............................96
9.3 Recommendations .........................................................................................................
.............................97
9.4 References .....................................................................................................................
.............................97
10 Public Information Measures .............................................................................................
.............................98
10.1 Outreach Projects ..........................................................................................................
.............................98
10.2 Real Estate Disclosure ...................................................................................................
.............................99
10.3 Libraries and Websites .................................................................. ...............................
............................100
10.4 Technical Assistance ..................................................................... ...............................
............................101
10.5 Public Information Program Strategy ............................................ ...............................
............................102
10.6 Conclusions ................................................................................... ...............................
............................103
10.7 Recommendations ......................................................................... ...............................
............................104
10.8 References ..................................................................................... ...............................
............................104
11 Revisions and Maintenance ............................................................... ...............................
............................105
Table of Tables
Table 1: Acres of Land by Land Use Category .............................................................................. .............................10
..............................7
Table 2: Community Rating System Premium Reductions ............................................................ .............................12
.............................10
Table 3: Seminole County Policy Savings for CRS Participation .................................................. .............................13
.............................16
Table 4: FMPC -- Floodplain Management Planning Committee .................................................. .............................15
.............................19
Table 5: Major Storms near Seminole County, Florida (1980 to 2010) ......................................... .............................23
.............................21
Table 6: Number of Permits for New Construction per Year in Seminole County ........................ .............................25
.............................22
Table 7: Flood Recurrence Intervals ............................................................................................... .............................30
.............................24
Table 8: Appraised Value of Buildings in Unincorporated Seminole County by Flood Zone ....... .............................34
Table 9: Seminole County Major Employers ................................................................................. .............................35
Table 10: Seminole County Taxable Value .................................................................................... .............................35
Table 11: Flood Insurance Policies in Seminole County ................................................................ .............................65
Table 12: Flood Insurance Policies by Occupancy in Seminole County ........................................ .............................65
Table 13: Flood Insurance Policies by Flood Zone ........................................................................ .............................65
Table 14: Number and Value of Losses by Flood Zone ................................................................. .............................65
Table 15: Flood Insurance for Repetitive Loss Properties .............................................................. .............................69
Table of Figures
Figure 1: Seminole County Location Map ......................................................................................
..............................7
Figure 2: Seminole County Future Land Use Map .........................................................................
.............................10
Figure 3: Mitigation Planning Process ............................................................................................
.............................16
Figure 4: The STAPLEE Criteria ...................................................................................................
.............................19
Figure 5: Rainfall Distribution across Florida ................................................................................
.............................21
Figure 6: Watersheds within Seminole County ..............................................................................
.............................22
Figure 7 : Historical Storm Tracks near Seminole County (1950 to 2010) .....................................
.............................24
1 Introduction
Figure 8: Location of Permits for New Construction from January 1, 2005 to September 16, 2010 ...........................
25
Figure 9: Dams in Florida, based on the 2009 National Inventory of Dams for Florida, courtesy the Association of
StateDam Safety Officials ............................................................................................................. .............................27
Figure 10: FEMA Flood Zones in Seminole County ...................................................................... .............................31
Figure 11: Evacuation Routes for Seminole County ...................................................................... .............................33
Figure 13: Countywide Repetitive Loss Properties, Mitigated Properties, and Single Loss Properties since 2000 ....37
Figure 14: Repetitive Loss Properties Area 1 ................................................................................. .............................37
Figure 15: Repetitive Loss Properties Area 2 ................................................................................. .............................38
Figure 16: Repetitive Loss Properties Area 3 ................................................................................. .............................38
Figure 17: Repetitive Loss Properties Area 4 ................................................................................. .............................39
Figure 18: Repetitive Loss Properties Area 5 ................................................................................. .............................39
Figure 19: Repetitive Loss Properties Area 6 ................................................................................. .............................40
Figure 20: Repetitive Loss Properties Area 7 ................................................................................. .............................40
Figure 21: Repetitive Loss Properties Area 8 ................................................................................. .............................41
Figure 22: Wilderness Area Open to the Public in Seminole County ............................................. .............................42
Figure25: Elevated Home .............................................................................................................. .............................46
Figure 26: Planned Unit Developments .......................................................................................... .............................48
Figure 27: Preserved Lands in Seminole County ........................................................................... .............................50
Figure28: BFE Examples ............................................................................................................... .............................53
Figure 29: Effect of Development on Stormwater .......................................................................... .............................55
Figure 30: Flood Protection Barrier ................................................................................................ .............................59
Figure31: Dry Floodproofing ........................................................................................................ .............................62
Figure 32: Example Flood Insurance Premiums ............................................................................. .............................63
Figure33: Straw Bales ................................................................................................................... .............................73
Figure 34: Aquatic and Ripairian Buffer Plant Zones .................................................................... .............................75
Figure35: BMPs and Stormwater .................................................................................................. .............................77
Figure 36: Seminole County Evacuation Routes ............................................................................ .............................88
Figure 37: Brochure Distributed to Floodplain Residents .............................................................. .............................99
Municipal Annexes
Altamonte Springs ..............................
Casse lberry ........ ...............................
LakeMary ........ ...............................
Longwood ........ ...............................
Oviedo............ ............................... .
Sanford........... ............................... .
Winter Springs ... ...............................
Action Plan 2015- 2020 .............................................................................. ..............................H
3
1 Introduction
The Problem: Seminole County, Florida, is
subject to natural hazards that threaten life and
health and that have caused extensive property
damage. Floods inundated the County following
Tropical Storm Fay in 2008, following Hurricane
Frances in 2004, and Tropical Storm Gabrielle in
2001. Extensive flooding occurred in 1960 after
Hurricane Donna brought heavy rainfall. During
the summer of 1953, rainfall over the St. Johns
River basin was above normal, and when a
tropical storm passed nearby, bringing additional
heavy rainfall, Lake Monroe flooded lakefront
1 Introduction
areas. To better understand these hazards and their impacts on people and property, and to
identify ways to reduce those impacts, the County's Department of Public Safety undertook this
Floodplain Management Plan as an appendix to the County's Local Hazard Mitigation Strategy
(LMS).
"Hazard mitigation" does not mean that all hazards are stopped or prevented. It does not suggest
complete elimination of the damage or the disruption caused by such incidents. Natural forces
are powerful and most natural hazards are well beyond our ability to control. Mitigation does not
mean quick fixes. It is a long -term approach to reducing hazard vulnerability. As defined by the
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), "hazard mitigation" means any sustained
action taken to reduce or eliminate the long -term risk to life and property from a hazard event.
Why Plan: Every community faces different hazards and every community has different
resources to draw upon in combating problems and different interests that influence the solutions
to those problems. Because there are many ways to deal with flood hazards and many agencies
that can help, there is no one solution for managing or mitigating their effects. Planning is one of
the best ways to develop a customized program that will mitigate the impacts of hazards while
taking into account the unique character of a community. The plan provides a framework for all
interested parties to work together and reach consensus on how to move forward. A well -
prepared flood mitigation plan will ensure that all possible activities are reviewed and
implemented so that the problem is addressed by the most appropriate and efficient solutions. It
can also ensure that activities are coordinated with each other and with other goals and activities,
preventing conflicts and reducing the costs of implementing each individual activity.
This Floodplain Management Plan was developed under the guidance of a Floodplain
Management Planning Committee (FMPC). The Committee's representatives included
representatives of Seminole County departments, interested municipalities, federal and state
agencies, citizens, and other stakeholders. All municipalities in the County were also invited to
attend and participate in the planning process.
Mitigation activities require funding. A mitigation plan is now a requirement for Federal
mitigation funds. Section 104 of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 5164) states that
as of November 1, 2003, local governments applying for pre - disaster mitigation funds must have
an approved local mitigation plan. Similarly, as of November 1, 2004, a plan is also needed for
1 Introduction
post- disaster mitigation funds under the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program. These requirements
are detailed in 44 Code of Federal Regulations Part 201.
Thus a mitigation plan will both guide the best use of mitigation funding and meet the
prerequisite for obtaining such funds from FEMA. FEMA also recognizes plans through its
Community Rating System (CRS), a program that reduces flood insurance premiums in
participating communities.
This Plan: This Floodplain Management Plan identifies activities that can be undertaken by both
the public and the private sectors to reduce safety hazards, health hazards, and property damage
caused by floods. The Plan fulfills the federal mitigation planning requirements, qualifies for
CRS credit, and provides the County with a blueprint for reducing the impacts of these flood
hazards on people and property.
1.1 Planning Approach
This Floodplain Management Plan is the product of a rational thought process that reviews
alternatives and selects and designs those that will work best for the situation. This process is an
attempt to avoid the need to make quick decisions based on inadequate information. It provides
carefully considered directions to the County government by studying the overall damage
potential and ensuring that public funds are well spent.
1.1.1 Planning Committee
This Flood Hazard Mitigation Plan was developed under the guidance of the FMPC with
oversight from the Department of Public Safety. The Committee includes representatives from
the County and other local, state and federal agencies that serve Seminole County and private
citizens and other stakeholders. The member organizations and participants who were members
of the FMPC are shown in Table 5 in section 2. 1.1 of this plan. The FMPC met and developed
the plan from May 2015 to August 2015. Sign -in sheets from these meetings are shown in
Appendices E through H. The plan development included identifying the unique flood risks that
affect the County, identifying mitigation actions for these risks, and discussing how to involve
the public in the development of the plan.
Technical support for the development and implementation of the Floodplain Management Plan
is provided by the Seminole County Office of Emergency Management and Development
Services.
1.1.2 Planning Process
The Floodplain Management Planning Committee followed the CRS 10 -Step Planning Process,
based on the guidance and requirements of FEMA and the 2013 CRS Coordinator's Manual. The
process is explained in further detail in Chapter 2 — Planning Process.
1.1.3 Public Involvement
Step 2 of the planning process was to obtain input from the public, particularly residents and
businesses that have been affected by natural hazards. The public was invited to participate in the
process through any or all of the following ways:
1 Introduction
• Attending and participating in meetings of the FMPC. five meetings were held over a
four -month period.
• Contact with committee members.
• Public meetings held at the beginning of the planning process to inform the public of the
planning process and obtain comments on the flood hazards and a public meeting at the
end of the planning process to gain comments on the draft plan.
Examples of these public involvement measures are included in Appendices B, D and E.
1.1.4 Coordination
Existing plans and programs were reviewed during the planning process. During the planning
process, contacts were made with a variety of regional, state and federal agencies and
organizations. Many of these agencies were members of the FMPC and provided review of and
support for this planning effort.
Seminole County also coordinated with representatives from the municipalities in the County,
who were invited to participate and attend the FMPC meetings. Citizens representing various
areas of the County were members of the FMPC and provided valuable support. At the end of
the planning process, these same agencies and organizations reviewed the draft plan and
provided feedback.
1.1.5 Hazard Assessment and Problem Evaluation
The Committee addressed Steps 4 and 5 of the planning process (Assess the Hazard and Evaluate
the Problem) during meetings of the Committee. The Committee's assessment and evaluation of
the flood hazard are covered in the meeting minutes of the FMPC, which can be found in
Appendix B of this plan. The FMPC evaluated flooding data, including localized drainage,
repetitive loss, hurricanes and tropical storms.
1.1.6 Goals
The Committee conducted goal setting exercises at one of its meetings. During the meeting, a list
of potential goals was discussed and then the Committee agreed upon a final list of goals and
objectives. These goals and objectives are discussed in Chapter 4 of this plan.
1.1.7 Mitigation Strategies
The FMPC considered everything that could impact the flood hazards and reviewed a wide range
of possible alternatives. They are organized under six general strategies for reaching the goals.
These strategies are the subject of Chapters 5 — 10 of this plan.
• Preventive Measures: zoning, building codes and other development regulations
• Property Protection Measures: relocation out of harm's way, retrofitting buildings, etc.
• Natural and Beneficial Functions: preserving natural areas to protect species and habitats
or developing in ways that are more protective of species and habitats
• Emergency Services: warning, response, evacuation
• Structural Projects: levees, reservoirs, channel improvements
1 Introduction
• Public Information: outreach projects, technical assistance to property owners, and other
measures
1.1.8 Action Plan
After reviewing the various alternatives, the Committee drafted an action plan to identify
recommended projects, parties responsible for each of the projects, and a schedule for project
completion. The action plan is included in Chapter 11 of this document.
It should be noted that this Plan only serves to recommend mitigation measures. Implementation
of these recommendations depends on the adoption of this Plan by the Seminole County Board
of County Commissioners.
1.2 Topography and Land Use
Seminole County is located in the central part of Florida and is part of the Orlando- Kissimmee-
Sanford Metropolitan Statistical Area. The City of Sanford is the county seat. Seminole County
covers 345 square miles, 37 square miles of which is water. The floodplains of Seminole County
consist of lowlands adjacent to streams and lakes. The topography of the County is relatively
flat, with some gently rolling hills. Ground elevations in Seminole County range from less than
five feet North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD) to 130 feet NAVD.
The City of Sanford, the county seat, is located on the southern shore of Lake Monroe in the
northern part of the County. In the southwestern part of the County are the Cities of Longwood,
Winter Springs, Casselberry and Altamonte Springs. The City of Oviedo is in the south central
portion of the County. The City of Lake Mary borders Sanford, in the western part of the County.
Figure 1: Seminole County Location Map
Seminole County, Florida
Location Map
County Boundaries
AP Seminole County
9 s9 100 200 Mime W[
Seminole County's climate is characterized
by long, warm summers and mild, dry
winters. The average annual rainfall is about
51 inches. The majority of the rain falls from
June through September and is associated
with tropical storms or depressions which
means that precipitation for any given month
can vary greatly from year to year.
Seminole County is bounded on the north and
east by the St Johns River and on the west
primarily by the Wekiva River. The St. Johns
River is brackish. There are many lakes in
Seminole County, and more than 120 of these
are larger than five acres. Most occur in karst
areas on the sand ridges. In addition to Lake
Monroe which straddles the northern border
of the County, Lake Jesup bisects much of the
northern half of the County and Lake
Harney sits along the County's eastern
border.
Seminole County's physiography consists of
alternating ridges and valleys with abundant
1 Introduction
lakes. According to the USDA's Soil Survey of Seminole County, Florida,
"The Osceola Plain is a broad, flat area of low, local relief and is generally between 60 and 70
feet in elevation. Most of the western part of the county is made up of this plain. The Orlando
Ridge is an area of higher elevation that is generally parallel to the other surrounding ridges
outside of Seminole County, such as the Mount Dora Ridge to the west. It is possible that the
Orlando Ridge once was part of a relic, `Cape Orlando,' which resulted from progressive
progradation that formed Cape Canaveral and False Cape in Brevard County from marine
processes. The northern tip of the Orlando Ridge extends a few miles into Seminole County in
the area of Altamonte Springs.
The Eastern Valley is generally 20 to 25 feet in elevation and is characterized by a broad, flat
area through which the St. Johns River flows. Most of the eastern part of Seminole County is
composed of this valley. The Wekiva Plain is a flat area in western Seminole County dominated
by the Wekiva River. In eastern Seminole County, the Geneva Hill is a high area in the Eastern
Valley in the vicinity of Geneva."
In terms of geology, Seminole County is underlain by a thick sequence of limestone and
dolostones upon which a relatively thin section of sand, silt, shell material and clay was
deposited.
According to the USDA's Soil Survey of Seminole County, Florida, there are 10 soil map units
in Seminole County, described below.
Mineral soils on the uplands:
1. Urban Land- Pomello- Paola. This unit is about 4% of Seminole County and consists of
moderately well drained and excessively drained soils that are sandy.
2. Urban Land - Astatula- Apopka. This unit is about 22% of Seminole County, and is more
than half urban land. The rest is excessively drained soils that are sandy and well drained
sand soils that have a loamy subsoil.
3. Urban Land - Tavares- Millhopper. The soils in this unit are moderately well drained and
sandy or have a loamy subsoil. This unit covers 23% of the County.
Mineral soils on the flatwoods and in sloughs and depressions between the upland
ridges and the floodplains, depressions and swamps:
4. Myakka- FauGalle -Urban Land. These are poorly drained soils that are sandy or have a
loamy subsoil. This unit covers 24% of the County.
5. St. Johns - Malabar- Wabasso. This unit makes up 8% of Seminole County. These soils in
the central part of the County are poorly drained and sandy or have a loamy subsoil.
6. Basinger- Smyrna - Delray. These soils, covering about 7% of the County, are poorly
drained and very poorly drained soils that are sandy throughout or have a loamy subsoil.
Mineral and organic soils on the floodplains and in depressions and swamps:
7. Nittaw- Felda,Floridana. These are very poorly drained and poorly drained mineral soils;
1 Introduction
some with a clayey subsoil and some sandy with a loamy subsoil. They exist on
floodplains and in depressions and make up about 4% of the County.
8. Nittaw- Okeelanta -Terra Cela. The soils in this unit, which covers about 4% of the
County, are on the floodplains adjacent to Lake Monroe and Lake Jesup and subject to
frequent flooding. They are very poorly drained mineral and organic soils, some are
mucky with a clayey subsoil, some are mucky with a sandy layer, and some are mucky
throughout.
9. Brighton - Samsula- Sanibel. These soils are south of Lake Jesup and are ponded. They are
very poorly drained organic and mineral soils. They make up about 1% of the County.
Some are mucky throughout, some are mucky and have a sandy layer beneath, and some
are sandy throughout. They exist in depressions and swamps.
10. Pompano - Nittaw- Basinger. The soils in this map unit are in floodplains adjacent to the
Wekiva, St. Johns and Econlockhatchee Rivers and Lake Jesup. They make up about 3%
of the county, and are poorly drained and very poorly drained mineral soils, some are
sandy throughout and some are mucky with a clayey subsoil.
The Floridian Aquifer underlies all of Seminole County and supplies at least 95 percent of the
County's freshwater. Most of the County's soils are sandy and low in natural fertility, but they
support forests and wildlife. In addition, ornamental plants, vegetables and other plant products
are grown in the County
1.3 Development, Redevelopment and Population Trends
Seminole County's convenient location between Volusia and Orange Counties has made it one
of the fastest growing counties in Florida. The Seminole County 2008 Comprehensive Plan has
certain goals for future development. The goals and objectives outlined in the Future Land Use
Section are:
• Protection and preservation of the environment, including water resources, air quality,
regionally significant natural areas, open space and recreational areas;
• Creation and support of diverse, globally competitive economic conditions favorable to
higher wage jobs;
• Provision of a range of affordable housing opportunities and choices;
• Provision of adequate services and facilities, including a variety of transportation choices;
• Maintenance of established residential neighborhoods, revitalization of declining
neighborhoods and creation of new energy - efficient communities with education, health
care and cultural amenities;
1.4 Development, Redevelopment and Population Trends
Seminole County's convenient location between Volusia and Orange Counties has made it one
of the fastest growing counties in Florida. The Seminole County 2008 Comprehensive Plan has
certain goals for future development. The goals and objectives outlined in the Future Land Use
Section are:
1 Introduction
• Protection and preservation of the environment, including water resources, air quality,
regionally significant natural areas, open space and recreational areas;
• Creation and support of diverse, globally competitive economic conditions favorable to
higher wage jobs;
• Provision of a range of affordable housing opportunities and choices;
• Provision of adequate services and facilities, including a variety of transportation choices;
• Maintenance of established residential neighborhoods, revitalization of declining
neighborhoods and creation of new energy - efficient communities with education, health
care and cultural amenities;
• Protection of rural and agricultural areas; and
• Protection of property rights.
Chapter 3 provides information on the number and location of building permits issued in
Seminole County between January of 2005 and September of 2010. During this time period
more than 5,000 building permits were issued for single - family, multi - family, commercial and
government buildings. The table to the right from the Seminole County Comprehensive Plan
indicates the various land use categories and the acreage for each. The map on the following
page identifies future land use proposed for Seminole County.
• Protection of rural and agricultural
• Protection of property rights.
Chapter 3 provides information on the
number and location of building permits
issued in Seminole County between January
of 2005 and September of 2010. During this
time period more than 5,000 building
permits were issued for single - family, multi-
family, commercial and government
buildings. The table to the right from the
Seminole County Comprehensive Plan
indicates the various land use categories and
the acreage for each. The map on the
following page identifies future land use
proposed for Seminole County.
There has not been a significant amount of
re- development within Seminole County.
and
Table 1: Acres of Land by Land Use Category
Existing Land Use Caregorres
Acres
Perma
Reatlenlal Single Panty
54,059
29%
aculture
30117
16%
Mmaged Fmiromre W Land
2F 1F0
14%
Dedicated Cc m open Space
13902
7%
Vacant Olhel
128T7
7%
Pubic
11,026
6%
Pubic f]ttser
4499
27
%sidential WifarriN
4,462
2%
Rawlen5al Mole Home
3,966
2%
Colmlelcial
3.332
2%
Vacanti7�iden5al
3,659
2%
VacantCm clal
2,942
2%
Tian 'm
2,669
1%
Indu&W
Z538
1%
lnstiAAo ]
A s31
1%
Racreatun
2295
1%
Educatim
1906
1%
once
1.801
1%
Vacant Industrial
1,172
1%
Elote�Molai
143
0%
Vacantln bAonil
9l
0%
TOTAL (lndudes edy acres)
1 187,657
100%
All development must follow the guidance of the Comprehensive Plan and must comply with all
current floodplain management regulations.
Figure 2: Seminole County Future Land Use Map
10
f �
F
1.4.1 Population Trends
1 Introduction
In 2014, the estimated population of Seminole County was 431,044 people, a 4.3% increase over
the year 2009 population. According to the Orlando Economic Development Commission, the
population of Seminole County is expected to increase to 465,128 people by 2020, a 7.3%
increase in the next five years. By 2025, the population is expected to increase another 5 %, to
488,075 people. These figures include both the incorporated and unincorporated areas of the
County. The Seminole County Comprehensive Plan indicates the population for the
unincorporated portion of the County in 2025 will be approximately 255,075.
1.5 The Community Rating System
FEMA's National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) administers the CRS.
Under the CRS, flood insurance premiums for properties in participating
communities are reduced to reflect the flood protection activities that these
communities are implementing. This program can have a major influence on
the design and implementation of flood mitigation activities, so a brief
summary is provided here.
A community receives a CRS classification based on the credit points it receives for activities. It
can undertake any mix of activities that reduce flood losses, such as enhanced mapping,
regulatory changes, public information programs, flood damage reduction, or flood warning and
preparedness programs. There are 10 CRS classes: class 1 requires the most credit points and
11
1 Introduction
gives the largest premium reduction; class 10 receives no premium reduction (see Table 3). A
community that does not apply for the CRS or that does not obtain the minimum number of
credit points is a class 10 community. On May 1, 2011, the County was rated a Class 6 and
policy holders within the SFHA enjoy a 20 percent reduction on the cost of flood insurance.
Table 2: Community Rating System Premium Reductions
Class
Points
Premium in
Floodplain
Reduction
Outside
Floodplain
1
4500+
45%
10%
2
4,000 -4,499
40%
10%
3
3,500 -3,999
35%
10%
4
3,000 -3,499
30%
10%
5
2,500 -2,999
25%
10%
6
2,000 -2,499
20%
10%
7
1,500 -1,999
15%
5%
8
1,000 -1,499
10%
5%
9
500 -999
5%
5%
10
0 -499
0%
0%
1.5.1 Program Incentive
The CRS provides an incentive not just to start new mitigation programs, but to keep them going.
There are two requirements that encourage a community to implement flood mitigation
activities. First, the County will receive CRS credit for this plan, once it is adopted. To retain that
credit, the County must submit an evaluation report on progress made towards implementing this
plan to FEMA by October 1" of each year. That report must be made available to the media and
to the public. Second, the County must annually recertify to FEMA that it is continuing to
implement its CRS credited activities. Failure to maintain the same level of involvement in flood
protection can result in a loss of CRS credit points and a resulting increase in flood insurance
rates to residents.
It is expected that this undesirable impact of loss of CRS credit for failure to report on the plan's
progress or for failure to implement flood loss reduction projects will be a strong incentive for
the County to continue implementing this plan in dry years when there is less interest in
flooding.
1.5.2 Benefits of CRS Participation
Table 4 below shows the direct dollar benefit to Seminole County and the County's policy
holders for participation in the CRS. The savings per policy are for properties in the FEMA
mapped 100 -year floodplain ( "Special Flood Hazard Area "). The savings are lower for policies
outside the mapped floodplain.
12
1 Introduction
Table 3: Seminole County Policy Savings for CRS Participation
In addition to the direct financial reward for participation in the CRS, there are many other
reasons to participate. As FEMA staff often say, "if you are only interested in saving premium
dollars, you're in the CRS for the wrong reason." The other benefits that are more difficult to
measure in dollars include:
1. The activities credited by the CRS provide direct benefits to residents, including:
• Enhanced public safety,
• A reduction in damage to property and public infrastructure,
• Avoidance of economic disruption and losses,
• Reduction of human suffering, and
• Protection of the environment.
2. A community's flood programs will be better organized and more formal. Ad hoc
activities, such as responding to drainage complaints rather than an inspection program,
will be conducted on a sounder, more equitable basis.
3. A community can evaluate the effectiveness of its flood program against a nationally
recognized benchmark.
4. Technical assistance in designing and implementing a number of activities is available at
no charge from the Insurance Services Office.
5. The public information activities will build a knowledgeable constituency interested in
supporting and improving flood protection measures.
6. A community will have an added incentive to maintain its flood programs over the
coming years. The fact that the community's CRS status could be affected by the
elimination of a flood - related activity or a weakening of the regulatory requirements for
new developments will be taken into account by the governing board when considering
such actions.
7. Every time residents pay their insurance premiums, they are reminded that the
community is working to protect them from flood losses, even during dry years.
13
Total Policies
Policies SFHA in
X- STD /AR/A99
PRP
Number of Policies
4,251
1,400
78
2,773
Total Premiums
$2,147,157
$966,542
$98,136
$1,082,47 9
Average individual annual premium
505
690
$1,25
390
Class 9 savings per flood lain policy
$15
43
$70
0
Class 9 savings for community
$65,861
$60,409
$5,452
0
Class 8 savings per flood lain policy
$30
86
$70
0
Class 8 savings for community
$126,271
$120,819
$5,452
0
Class 7 savings per flood lain policy
$44
129
140
$0
Class 7 savings for community
$186,6791
181 227
$10,904
$0
Class 6 savings per flood lain olic
59
173
140
0
Class 6 savings for community
$252,5411
241 637
$10,904
0
In addition to the direct financial reward for participation in the CRS, there are many other
reasons to participate. As FEMA staff often say, "if you are only interested in saving premium
dollars, you're in the CRS for the wrong reason." The other benefits that are more difficult to
measure in dollars include:
1. The activities credited by the CRS provide direct benefits to residents, including:
• Enhanced public safety,
• A reduction in damage to property and public infrastructure,
• Avoidance of economic disruption and losses,
• Reduction of human suffering, and
• Protection of the environment.
2. A community's flood programs will be better organized and more formal. Ad hoc
activities, such as responding to drainage complaints rather than an inspection program,
will be conducted on a sounder, more equitable basis.
3. A community can evaluate the effectiveness of its flood program against a nationally
recognized benchmark.
4. Technical assistance in designing and implementing a number of activities is available at
no charge from the Insurance Services Office.
5. The public information activities will build a knowledgeable constituency interested in
supporting and improving flood protection measures.
6. A community will have an added incentive to maintain its flood programs over the
coming years. The fact that the community's CRS status could be affected by the
elimination of a flood - related activity or a weakening of the regulatory requirements for
new developments will be taken into account by the governing board when considering
such actions.
7. Every time residents pay their insurance premiums, they are reminded that the
community is working to protect them from flood losses, even during dry years.
13
1 Introduction
More information on the Community Rating System can be found at
http: / /www.fema.gov /business /nfip /crs.shtm.
1.6 References
1. Community Raring System Coordinator's Manual, FEMA, 2007.
2. Example Plans, FEMA/Community Rating System, 2006.
3. Getting Started— Building Supportfor Mitigation Planning, FEMA, FEMA-3 86-1, 2002.
4. Local Multi - Hazard Mitigation Planning Guidance, FEMA, 2008.
5. "Population by City," Metro Orlando Economic Development Commission. Retrieved
December 9, 2010 at
http: / /www.businessinseminole .com/gm/ecodev /pdf /Population_ by_City.pdf.
6. Soil Survey ofSeminole County, Florida, USDA Soil Conservation Service, 1990.
7. State and Local Plan Interim Criteria under the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, FEMA,
2002.
8. Seminole County Comprehensive Plan, Seminole County Planning and Development
Department, 2008.
14
2 Planning Process
2 Planning Process
2.1 Planning Approach
This Floodplain Management Plan is the product of a rational thought process that reviews
alternatives and selects and designs those that will work best for the situation. This process is an
attempt to avoid the need to make quick decisions based on inadequate information during an
emergency. It provides carefully considered directions to the County government by studying the
overall damage potential and ensuring that public funds are well spent. The development of this
plan also followed FEMA's CRS 10 -Step Planning Process.
2.1.1 Planning Committee
This Flood Hazard Mitigation Plan was developed under the guidance of a Floodplain
Management Planning Committee (FMPC) with oversight from the Seminole County Emergency
Manager. The Committee included representatives from various County departments, other local,
state and federal agencies that serve the County, and citizens from throughout the County. Some
of these citizen members of the FMPC had been flooded in the past. The County department
representatives, citizens and stakeholders who make up the FMPC are shown in Table 5 below.
Table 4: FMPC -- Floodplain Management Planning Committee
Position
Name
E Agency
Co -Chair
Alan Harris
Seminole County Emergency Management
Member
Amanda Kortus
City of Oviedo
Member
April Verpoorten
City of Altamonte Springs
Member
Danielle Koury
City of Lake Mary
Member
Danielle Marshall
City of Altamonte Springs
Member
David Hamstra
City of Longwood
Member
David Waller
City of Oviedo
Member
James Potter
Seminole County Development Review
Member
Jay Zembower
Citizen
Member
Josh Sheldon
Seminole County Emergency Management
Member
Katherine Peters
Citizen
Member
Kelley Brock
City of Casselberry
Member
Kim Fisher
Seminole County Development Services
Member
Marie Lackey
Seminole County Public Works
Member
Mark Flomerfelt
Seminole County Public Works
Member
Michelle Bernstein
Citizen
Member
Mike Cash
City of Sanford
Member
Nancy Dunn
Citizen
Member
Owen Reagan
Seminole County Public Works
Member
Phil Riebiel
Citizen
Member
Robert King
Citizen
Member
Robert Potts
Citizen
Member
Roland Raymundo
Seminole County Public Works
Co -Chair
Steven Lerner
Seminole County Emergency Management
Member
Tina Dantuma
Resident- Longwood
Member
Zynka Perez
City of Winter Springs
15
The plan development included
identifying the unique flood risks
that affect the County, identifying
mitigation actions for these risks,
and discussing how to involve the
public in the development of the
Plan.
The Seminole County Board of
County Commissioners passed
Resolution which established the
planning process and created the
FMPC (see Appendix A).
2.1.2 Planning Process
The FMPC followed a standard 10-
step process, based on the guidance
and requirements of FEMA. The
process is summarized in the flow
chart in the figure on the right. The
Committee assessed the flood
hazards affecting the County, set
goals, and reviewed a wide range
of activities that can mitigate the
adverse affects of the hazards. The
FMPC met four times over the
course of the planning process in
development of this plan. An
agenda and sign -in sheet for each
of the meetings can be found in
Appendices F, G, H and 1. The
schedule for the development of the
plan is shown in Table 6 on the
next page.
2 Planning Process
Figure 3: Mitigation Planning Process
Step 1
Organize
1
Step 2
Involve the Public
(This step continues throughout the entire process)
1
Step 3
Coordinate with Agencies & Organizations
(This step continues throughout the entire process)
1
Step 4
Assess the Hazard
1
Step 5
Evaluate the Problem
1
Step 6
Set Goals
1
Step 7
Review Mitigation Strategies
1
Step __8
Draft Action Plan
1
Adopt the Plan
Stgp 10
1
Implement, Evaluate, Revise
16
2 Planning Process
2.1.3 Public Involvement
Step 2 of the planning process was to obtain input from the public, particularly residents and
businesses that had been affected by flooding. The
public was invited to participate through:
• Attending and participating in meetings of
the Floodplain Management Planning
Committee. Five meetings were held over a
four -month period.
• Attending a public meeting that was held at
the beginning of the planning process to
inform the public of the planning process
and to solicit concerns over flooding.
• Contacting committee members.
North Branch Library— Sanford, FL
• Attending public meetings that were held on August 20th and 27th, 2015, to receive
comments on the draft plan.
2.1.3.1 Public Meetings
A public meeting was held at the beginning of the planning process to inform the public of the
floodplain management planning process and to solicit comments and concerns about flooding in
the County. This meeting was held May 5, 2015, at the Seminole County Emergency Operations
Center The location of the meeting was central to many who were recently affected by flooding
from Tropical Strom Fay. Two more public meetings in which the FPMC was present were
conducted on June 5th and June 16th, 2015. Public comment was solicited on August 20, 2015 at
the North Branch Library and again on August 27th , 2015 at the Central Branch Library. This
advertisement, along with an agenda from the meeting and a sign -in sheet, can be found in
Appendix D.
2.1.3.2 Other Public Involvement Methods
Seminole County promoted the floodplain management plan through its established Local
Mitigation Strategy Committee, which
A meeting of the Seminole County Floodplain
Planning Management Committee.
includes members from a cross - section of the
community and who represent a variety of
local organizations.
2.1.4 Coordination
Existing plans and programs were reviewed
during the planning process. hi addition,
contacts were made with regional, state and
federal agencies and organizations during the
planning process. Representatives of the State
of Florida National Flood Insurance Program
(NFIP), the State of Florida Division of
Emergency Management, FEMA Region IV,
17
2 Planning Process
ISO /CRS, the St. Johns County Water Management District, the National Weather Service and
American Red Cross were invited to participate in the FMPC. A letter was also sent to a variety
of stakeholder organizations and agencies to determine how their programs affect or could
support the County's mitigation efforts and to request participation on the FMPC.
2.1.4.1 Solicitation of Comments
Members of the FMPC included representatives from homeowners' associations and community
organizations. These stakeholders provided valuable comments throughout the planning process.
2.1.4.2 Neighboring Communities
All incorporated municipalities within Seminole County were made aware of the planning
process via e -mail and letters. Each incorporated municipality was invited to attend the FMPC
meetings. All municipal agencies were present through the planning process and community
profiles are included as appendices to this plan for each community.
2.1.4.3 Contacting Other Agencies and Meetings with Agencies
Because Seminole County is not a coastal county, the Florida Department of Environmental
Protection's Coastal Management Program was not contacted for this planning effort.
2.1.5 Hazard Assessment and Problem Evaluation
The Committee addressed Steps 4 and 5 of the planning process (Assess the Hazard and Evaluate
the Problem) during the October meeting of the LMS. The flood hazard data and vulnerability to
critical facilities, buildings and infrastructure and the impact of the flood hazard on life, health
and safety is covered in Chapter 3 of this document. The LMS provided data and support for
Hazard Assessment and Problem Evaluation during the first three months of the planning
process.
2.1.6 Goals
The Committee conducted goal setting exercises at Seminole County's Emergency Operations
Center at the June 5a', 2015 FMPC meeting. During this meeting, a list of potential goals was
discussed and then the Committee agreed upon a final list of goals and objectives. These goals
are discussed in Chapter 4 of this document.
2.1.7 Mitigation Strategies
During the June 16th, 2015 meeting of the FMPC, the Committee reviewed and debated various
mitigation measures which could help to reduce or eliminate the flood hazards. The Committee
went through a comprehensive list of potential mitigation options based on the following six
general cagories:
• Preventive Measures
• Property Protection Measures
• Natural Resource Protection Measures
• Emergency Services Measures
• Structural Measures
18
2 Planning Process
• Public Information Measures
2.1.8 Action Plan
After reviewing the various alternatives, the Committee drafted an action plan to identify
recommended projects, parties responsible for implementation, a schedule for project
completion, and identification of funding sources. The action plan is included in Chapter 11 of
this document.
Selected mitigation measures were prioritized based on benefit to
the County and available funding necessary for implementation.
Projects which maybe eligible for FEMA grant funding were also
evaluated based on benefits and cost using the " STAPLEE" criteria
(see box).
This Floodplain Management Plan serves only to recommend
mitigation measures. Implementation of these recommendations
depends on adoption of this plan by the Seminole County Board of
County Commissioners.
Figure 4: The STAPLEE
Criteria
Social
Technical
Administrative
Political
Legal
Economic
Environmental
19
3 Flood Risk Assessment
3 Flood Risk Assessment
Flooding is the deadliest and most costly storm - related natural hazard in the United States. Many
deaths due to flooding can be avoided by not driving through flooded roads and paying attention
to evacuation warnings.
Types of Flooding: The most common and most damaging floods occur along rivers and
streams. This type of flooding is called overbank flooding. Overbank flooding of rivers and
streams can be caused for any of the following reasons:
1. There is more precipitation in the watershed than the waterways and the storm system can
convey;
2. There are obstructions in a channel, such as a beaver dam,
3. There is a large release of water when a dam or other obstruction fails; or
4. A combination of these factors.
Most floods are caused because of the first factor, a larger amount of precipitation than the
watershed can manage. Another contributor to flooding is stormwater runoff. This problem has
recently become more critical because of development in areas subject to urban flooding.
Causes of Flooding: For most of Seminole County, the primary causes of flooding are tropical
systems and afternoon thunderstorms. These storms generally occur during the rainy season,
from June through November. The rain associated with hurricanes and tropical storms can
produce extreme amounts of rainfall in short periods of time, which can overwhelm the capacity
of streams, channels, or drainage infrastructure. In addition, certain areas of Seminole County are
low- lying, which makes them subject to flooding from rising water.
Historical Floods: Since 1994, Seminole County has experienced seven major floods. These
floods have disrupted life for community members by closing streets and causing property
damage to homes and businesses, and one of these floods even caused the death of a Seminole
County resident. To address flood control and protection issues, Seminole County is developing
this comprehensive flood hazard management plan.
3.1 Prcciuitation in Seminole C
Seminole County receives an average of 51 inches of rain each year. However, this rainfall is not
spread out evenly from month to month or across all parts of the County. Most precipitation
occurs during the rainy season, from June to October, as shown in the graphic on the next page.
20
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3 Flood Risk Assessment
3.2 Seminole County Water Resources and Watersheds
Seminole County has an abundance of surface water resources. The St. Johns River and
Econlockhatchee River as well as three large lakes — Lake Monroe, Lake Jesup and Lake Harney
—fall at least partly within the County boundaries.
There are also six watersheds that fall partly within Seminole County, as shown in Figure 6.
Within these six major watersheds are smaller subwatersheds that drain into the tributaries. Each
of these streams has adjacent floodplains that are inundated during a flood.
The condition of the land in the watershed affects what happens when precipitation falls. For
example, more rain will run off the land and into streams if the terrain is steep, if the ground is
already saturated from previous rains, if the watershed is significantly covered with impervious
pavement and parking lots, or if depressional storage areas (like swamps) have been filled in.
Thus urban development in the watershed can contribute to flooding. Each of the watersheds in
Seminole County contains urban as well as rural areas, except for Deep Creek, which is mostly
rural. Watersheds that are more urbanized tend to flood more quickly than rural watersheds.
Figure 6: Watersheds within Seminole County
Seminole County, Florida
r r Watersheds
i M
W Gounty Boundary
Deep Greek Unit Middle SJR
Econlockhatchee River
MLake Jesup
s
` C�3 Lake Munroe Unit
u e 0 2.5 5 10 Milee Ruzbe Lake Unit
Wekita River
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 22
3 Flood Risk Assessment
3.3 Flood Risks
3.3.1 Tropical Cyclones
Flooding in Seminole County is often the result of hurricanes, tropical storms, or tropical
depressions, all of which are tropical cyclones. These storms bring heavy rainfalls and high
winds to Seminole County, which can cause significant damage. These storms can last for
several days, and therefore they have the potential to cause sustained flooding and high wind
conditions. Rain combined with high winds can also create wave action on the three lakes and
can damage properties adjacent to these bodies of water.
Historically, many hurricanes and tropical storms have passed near or through Seminole County,
as shown in Table 7.
Table 5: Major Storms near Seminole County, Florida (1980 to 2010)
Date
I Storm Type
Deaths FL
In'uries FL
Property Damage
8/24/200
;Tropical Storm Fay
5
0
$390,000,000 FL
2/3/200
Severe Storms and Tornadoes
0
0
$43,000,000 FL
8/24/200
Hurricane Ernesto
0
0
$500,000,000 US
10/5/200
iTropical Storm Tammy
0
0
< $25,000,000 US
9/24/200
Hurricane Jeanne
3
0
$6,900,000,000 US
9/16/200
Hurricane Ivan
14
0
$8,300,000,000 FL
9/4200
Hurricane Frances
5
0
$8,000,000,000 FL
8/13/200
Hurricane Charley and Tropical Storm So
nie 9
0
$14,000,000,000 FL
9/3200
Tro ical Storm Henri
0
2
"minor"
9/2200
Tro ical Storm Edouard
0
0
"minor" roadwa flo ding in Seminole Cou
9/13/200
Tropical Storm Gabrielle
2 1 in Seminole
0
$230,000,000 FL
10/4/200
Tropical Storm Leslie
3
0
$700,000,000 FL
1020/199
Hurricane Irene
8
3
$8,000,000 FL
1022/199
Hurricane Mitch
2
65
$20,000,000 FL
9/15/199
Hurricane Georges
0
0
$20,000,000 FL
8/22/199
Tropical Storm Jerry
0
0
$30,000,000 FL
7/31/199
Hurricane Erin
0
0
$700,000,000 FL
11/81 199
Tropical Storm Gordon
8
0
$400,000,000 FL
9/28/199
Tropical Storm Earl
01
0
8/15/1981
Hurricane Dennis
01
0
Sources: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Hwricane Center and the Federal Emergency Management Agency
Of particular importance to communities susceptible to hurricane damage is the track of an
approaching storm. Proximity and direction of hit are important when determining impacts and
subsequent damage from the storm. Figure 7 on the next page shows the historical tracks of
storms that have passed through or near Seminole County.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 23
ty)
3 Flood Risk Assessment
Figure 7: Historical Storm Tracks near Seminole County (1950 to 2014)
3.3.2 Flash Floods
A second source of flooding in Seminole County is flash flooding. Flash floods are generated by
severe storms that drop a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Flash floods strike
quickly and end quickly. Areas with steep slopes and narrow stream valleys are particularly
vulnerable to flash flooding, as are the banks of small tributary streams. In hilly areas, the high
velocity flows and short warning times make flash floods hazardous and destructive.
In urban areas, flash flooding can be triggered by increased stormwater runoff due to land
development. When we construct buildings on open spaces, hard surfaces like parking lots and
rooftops replace forests, swamps, fields, and other natural land covers. When rainfall hits these
impervious surfaces, it runs off of them rather than infiltrating into the soil that was once there.
Along the way, stormwater runoff picks up sediment, debris and pollutants on the hard surfaces
and carries them to streams or rivers. Thus developed land absorbs less rainfall than undeveloped
land, and also increases pollution in local waterways. As we develop land, the amount and speed
of stormwater runoff increases. As a result, flash floods often occur in urban areas where much
of the watershed is covered in impervious surfaces.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 24
3 Flood Risk Assessment
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the population of Seminole County increased 13%
between 2000 and 2009, after increasing 27% between 1990 and 2000. Land development in
Seminole County has increased rapidly to accommodate this growth. As shown in Table 8 on the
neat page, before the economic downturn in 2009, Seminole County was permitting nearly 1,000
new buildings per year. Figure 8 shows the distribution of building permits issued from 2005 to
late 2010. New development such as this can trigger more flash floods.
Table 6: Number of Permits for New Construction per Year in Seminole County
January 2005 - September 16, 2010
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Total
Commercial
59
111
82
54
52
24
382
Single Family Res
1,444
789
874
634
425
380
4,546
Multi-Family Res
0
2
25
8
0
3
38
Government
9
6
10
8
11
29
73
Total
1,512
908
991
704
488
436
5,039
Figure 8: Location of Permits for New Construction from January 1, 2005 to September 16, 2010
Seminole County, FL
Building Permits
Uninrorpomted Areas
ya.,M
♦ January 1, 20 o5 - September 16, 2010
����WLI
� e•
Yid I o f � •
•u� , r
❑ 4i_ 1
t 3 r• . tit { »•
R'E
5
G 1 2 4 8 8
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 25
3 Flood Risk Assessment
Flash flooding can also be caused by dam failure or the collapse of debris obstructing a
waterway. Flash floods often occur in smaller watersheds and are therefore not shown on most
floodplain maps.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 26
3 Flood Risk Assessment
3.3.3 Dam Failure
Dams are designed to hold back large amounts of water. If they fail or are overtopped, they can
produce a dangerous flood situation because of high velocities and large volumes of water
released. A break in a dam can occur with little or no warning on clear days when people are not
expecting rain or a flood. Breaching often occurs within hours after the first visible signs of dam
failure, leaving little time for evacuation.
Dam failures are usually caused either by structural problems with the dam or by hydrologic
Figure 9: Dams in Florida, based on the 2009 National problems. Structural problems
Inventory of Dams for Florida, courtesy the Association include seepage, erosion,
of State Dam Safety Officials cracking, sliding and overturning
pxtenv� ;ate
.lJ�i9�kIrIF �
as
h_
M �
N� ul
St Pe[ershurg n
1 1
Cape COW
resulting from the age of the dam
or a lack of maintenance.
Hydrologic problems typically
occur when there is excessive
runoff due to heavy
precipitation. For example, a
dam failure can occur if the dam
has to impound more water than
it was designed to, or if the
spillway capacity is inadequate
for the amount of water that
needs to pass downstream.
A dam can suffer a partial failure
or a complete failure, but the
potential energy of the water
stored behind even a small dam
can cause loss of life and great
property damage downstream. There are currently no dams located within Seminole County, but
there are dams located to the north, west and south of the County.
3.3.4 Obstructions
Obstructions can affect a channel, such as small bridge openings or logjams, or they can affect
an entire floodplain, such as road embankments, fill and buildings. Channel obstructions will
cause smaller, more frequent floods, while floodplain obstructions impact the larger, less
frequent floods where most of the flow is overbank, outside the channel. Obstructions can be
either natural or manmade. Natural obstructions like logjams can be washed away during larger
floods. Manmade obstructions pose a more serious problem, because they tend to be more
permanent.
3.4 Historical Floo
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 27
3 Flood Risk Assessment
Seminole County has experienced several flooding events in the past, including a flood on
September 15, 2001 that caused one death. This occurred in the City of Winter Springs during
the aftermath of Tropical Storm
>+ ti
� # , it
'r
4 � ,
}
.y
Flooding in Seminole County following Tropical Storm Fay in
2008 (photos courtesy Gary Exner, Advantage Consulting
LLC).
Gabrielle, which brought wind gusts
to around 45 miles per hour, causing
minor damage across much of east
central Florida. Following the storm,
a 15- year -old boy drowned while
playing with friends in Gee Creek
near Winter Springs after he was
pulled underwater by branches and
other debris in the fast - moving water.
Raising awareness about the danger
of currents following heavy rains, as
well as the potential for debris in
floodwaters, can help prevent similar
accidents in the future.
In 2008, Tropical Storm Fay made
four landfalls in Florida. While
crossing central Florida, Fay
unexpectedly strengthened over land
to just under hurricane intensity with
70 mph winds. The storm caused
extensive flooding in east central
Florida, including historic flooding
on the St. Johns River. The total
rainfall in Seminole County from
August 18th to August 23rd was 76.7
inches. Many roadways and about
500 homes were damaged as the
river's water level continued to climb
after the storm had passed. Seminole
County schools were closed due to
impassable roads. The pictures in the
box to the left show floods from
Tropical Storm Fay in Seminole
County.
In 1994, two storms brought heavy
rain to most of peninsular Florida
during the last half of September.
Rivers and streams overflowed,
flooding streets and some urban
areas. A flash flood on July 21, 2001
produced by heavy rain inundated the
Tuskawilla area of Winter Springs, flooding three homes and causing $15,000 worth of property
damage. On August 19, 2002, three inches of rapidly falling rain flooded streets and six homes in
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 28
3 Flood Risk Assessment
Sanford. This led to $60,000 of property damage. A thunderstorm brought rainfall and
widespread flooding of major roadways in Seminole County on August 29, 2002. The roadway
flooding occurred about three miles south of Oviedo. On September 5, 2004, Hurricane Frances
brought eight to 10 inches of rain across much of Seminole County, flooding homes and streets.
Four days later, the rain from Hurricane Frances had caused water levels to reach flood stage in
the middle St. Johns River Basin. Levels continued to rise and then fell slightly until Hurricane
Jeanne followed the same track across Florida as Hurricane Frances had. Significant flooding
followed, and the Lake Harney gauge reached a record crest of 10.1 feet. Near Geneva, roads,
nurseries and homes along Lake Harney were flooded. Water came over the seawall in Sanford
and flooded numerous structures along the south shore of Lake Monroe. The total amount of
property damages due to these events was $4.8 million.
Historical occurrences of floods in the County are listed in Table 9 below.
Location
Date
Time
Type
Deaths
Injuries
Property Damages
Florida
9/15/1994
NA
Flooding
0
0
$500,000
WinterSprings
7/21/2001
5:OOPM
Flash Flood
0
0
$15,000
Winter springs
9/15/2001
1:OOPM
Urban /Small
Stream Flood
1
0
$0
Sanford
8/19/2002
4:45 PM
Flash Flood
0
0
$60,000
Oviedo
8/29/2002
4:38 PM
Flash Flood
0
0
$0
Seminole Count
9/5/2004
1:30 AM
Flash Flood
0
0
$0
City of Geneva and
Sanford
9/9/2004
7:00 AM
Flooding
0
0
$4,800,000
Semole County
in
9/23/14
6:00 PM
Flooding
0
0
$3,650,000
Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service and the U.S.
Department of Commerce's National Climatic Data Center
3.5 Locallv Identified Flood Areas
While many floodplain boundaries are mapped by NFIP, floods sometimes go beyond the
mapped floodplains or change courses due to natural processes, such as erosion and
sedimentation, or human development, such as filling in floodplains to build houses, increased
imperviousness within the watershed from new development, or debris.
The County has approximately 5,500 homeowners and 500 businesses that could be affected by
flooding during a 100 -year flood. These businesses and homeowners have been identified by
address and GIS mapping. In many flood prone areas, the terrain is heavily wooded with vast
areas of marshlands, which receive the overflows from Lake Monroe, Lake Harney, Lake Jesup
and the St. Johns River. Another problem area is U.S. Highway 17 -92, where it runs parallel to
Lake Monroe. According to the flood prone map, this main artery will be under water after 10
inches of rain.
3.6 The National Flood Insurance
In 1968, Congress created the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), which enables property
owners in participating communities to purchase insurance from the federal government against
losses due to flooding. The program is designed as an alternative to disaster assistance.
Participation in the NFIP is based on an agreement between local governments and the NFIP that
the local government will adopt and enforce a floodplain management ordinance to reduce future
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 29
3 Flood Risk Assessment
flood risks to new construction in Special Flood Hazard Areas, while the federal government will
make flood insurance available within the community.
More properties are insured for flood damages under NFIP in Florida than in any other state.
Seminole County participates in the NFIP, which means that NFIP flood insurance is available to
residents living anywhere in the unincorporated area. According to the NFIP, in Seminole
County there were 4,850 NFIP flood insurance policies in effect, for atotal of $1,242,102,400 in
insurance, as of August 31, 2010. Single - family residences account for 91% of the 4,850 flood
insurance policies in Seminole County, whereas 94 of the policies are non - residential. The
remaining 358 policies are for multifamily properties. The total closed paid losses made to policy
holders in Seminole County between 1978 and August 31, 2010 was $3,640,195. More details on
flood insurance policies in Seminole County are shown in section 3.8.5.
3.7 Future Flood Risk
Flooding can occur along all waterways in Seminole County, including the St. Johns River, Lake
Harney, and Lake Jesup. Because there are numerous surface water bodies throughout the
County, many locations in the County may be subject to flooding. Areas identified as vulnerable
to flooding are depicted on FEMA's Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMS), which are developed
through the NFIP and are the official floodplain maps for Seminole County. Many of the
County's floodplain management regulations are based on the floodplain limits shown in these
maps. It is important to realize that on an annual basis more than 30 percent of all flood losses
occur outside any mapped floodplain.
FEMA's flood zones represent the areas of risk for flooding. These zones are based on the
statistical risk of future flooding, which is extrapolated from historical records to determine the
statistical potential that storms and floods of a certain magnitude will recur. Such events are
measured by their "recurrence interval," i.e., a 10 -year storm or a 50 -year flood. A 10 -year storm
means that there is a 1 in 10 chance, or 10% chance, of that storm occurring in any given year. A
50 -year flood has a 1 in 50 chance, or 2% chance, of occurring in any given year. Because these
identifiers are based on statistics, such a flood could occur twice in one year, or could not occur
at all over the course of 100 years.
Table 7: Flood Recurrence Intervals
Time Period,
Chance
of Flooding over a Period of Years
Flood Size
1 Year
10%
4%
2%
1%
10 Years
65%
34%
18%
10%
20 Years
88%
56%
33%
18%
30 Years
96%
71%
45%
26%
50 Years
99%
87%
64%
39%
The map below shows flood zone areas within Seminole County. Areas marked as Zone A have
a 1% annual chance of flooding, which translates to a 26% chance of flooding over the life of a
30 -year mortgage. This area is the base flood for Seminole County. Detailed analyses are not
performed for Zone A, thus flooding depths and base flood elevations are not shown for Zone A
areas. Zone AE areas have a 1% annual chance of flooding. These have been determined using
detailed methods, thus base flood elevations —the level to which flood waters are expected to
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 30
3 Flood Risk Assessment
rise — are available in these areas. Zone AH are areas subject to 1% annual chance flooding,
usually as ponding, with average depths between one and three feet.
Areas in yellow have a moderate flood hazard. These are places susceptible to a 0.2% annual
chance of flooding. Zone X shows areas where flood hazards are minimal, and have a less than
0.2% annual chance of flooding.
Figure 10: FEMA Flood Zones in Seminole County
3.8 Flood Impacts
The impacts of floods affect people, buildings, and the economy. These impacts are discussed in
this section.
3.8.1 Safety
Floods can be extremely dangerous, and even six inches of moving water can knock over a
person given a strong current. A car will float in less than two feet of moving water and can be
swept downstream into deeper waters. This is one reason floods kill more people trapped in
vehicles than anywhere else. During a flood, people can also suffer heart attacks or electrocution
due to electrical equipment short outs. Residents in Seminole County should be aware of the
following flood safety measures:
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 31
Seminole County, Florida
s�
FEMA Flood Zones
LAKE M(�NRIIE
N
•' sa.as.w
,y
■ � e�11
sr..oxxs
!
y
r
P B
y.4
fP
Z
O
FLIRNE4
r k� P
9
� LaKE .IkS'LP
I
/�•�
� h�
•
r•
d + °1•
•
EC N G.J HE M
Flood Zones
A
5
K AE
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♦.
tt
AH
0.2 PCT
X
— Najor Roads
0
Naln Water BOdlas I
25 5
I
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I
3.8 Flood Impacts
The impacts of floods affect people, buildings, and the economy. These impacts are discussed in
this section.
3.8.1 Safety
Floods can be extremely dangerous, and even six inches of moving water can knock over a
person given a strong current. A car will float in less than two feet of moving water and can be
swept downstream into deeper waters. This is one reason floods kill more people trapped in
vehicles than anywhere else. During a flood, people can also suffer heart attacks or electrocution
due to electrical equipment short outs. Residents in Seminole County should be aware of the
following flood safety measures:
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 31
3 Flood Risk Assessment
3.8.2 Health
While such problems are often not reported, three general types of health hazards accompany
floods. The first comes from the water itself. Floodwaters carry anything that was on the ground
that the upstream runoff picked up, including dirt, oil, animal waste, and lawn, farm and
industrial chemicals. Pastures and areas where cattle and hogs are kept or their wastes are stored
can contribute polluted waters to the receiving streams.
Floodwaters also saturate the ground, which leads to infiltration into sanitary sewer lines. When
wastewater treatment plants are flooded, there is nowhere for the sewage to flow. Infiltration and
lack of treatment can lead to overloaded sewer lines that can back up into low -lying areas and
homes. Even when it is diluted by flood waters, raw sewage can be a breeding ground for
bacteria such as e.coli and other disease causing agents.
The second type of health problem arises after most of the water has gone. Stagnant pools can
become breeding grounds for mosquitoes, and wet areas of a building that have not been
properly cleaned breed mold and mildew. A building that is not thoroughly cleaned becomes a
health hazard, especially for small children and the elderly.
Another health hazard occurs when heating ducts in a forced air system are not properly cleaned
after inundation. When the furnace or air conditioner is turned on, the sediments left in the ducts
are circulated throughout the building and breathed in by the occupants. If a water system loses
pressure, a boil order may be issued to protect people and animals from contaminated water.
The third problem is the long -term psychological impact of having been through a flood and
seeing one's home damaged and irreplaceable keepsakes destroyed. The cost and labor needed to
repair a flood - damaged home puts a severe strain on people, especially the unprepared and
uninsured. There is also a long -term problem for those who know that their homes can be
flooded again. The resulting stress on floodplain residents takes its toll in the form of aggravated
physical and mental health problems.
3.8.3 Evacuation of Residents and Visitors
A key evacuation and safety concern is when roads and bridges go under water. Generally, the
larger the road, the less likely it is to flood, but this is not always the case. In addition, a bridge
does not have to be under water to be damaged or to cut off an evacuation route. In some cases
the bridge is high, but the access road may be flooded. In other cases, the bridge or culvert can be
washed out. This is especially dangerous if a person drives on a flooded road and assumes that
the bridge is still there.
Residents and visitors within Seminole County should be made aware of evacuation routes. It is
important that the County work with both public and private entities to ensure that everyone
knows which roads and thoroughfares are designated for evacuation. Below is a map from the
Florida Division of Emergency Management which indicates the designated evacuation routes
for Seminole County.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 32
3 Flood Risk Assessment
Figure 11: Evacuation Routes for Seminole County
"tie +. lie
y A R �4
'a Seminole
+1s
uA I. gAb
.e J
",� Alf ...e
?-. �_ • ..
Seminole County
Evacuation Routes te4e1d n 3,
a "•`�ud�`"
_I I rac E mRw
$ Y�E tNtl 90 u �E
3.8.4 Critical Facilities
Seminole County's FMPC identified several types of critical facilities including some roads and
bridges. FEMA does not have a specific definition of a critical facility, but the FMPC decided
that critical facilities are those facilities that provide a critical function and should be protected
from flood damage. There are 215 critical facilities in Seminole County.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 33
3 Flood Risk Assessment
3.8.5 Building Damage
Floods can cause severe damage to buildings, which can be costly to repair. Although flood
insurance can help pay for repairs to buildings damaged by floods, not all property owners obtain
insurance. Moreover, preventing damage to buildings is less costly, less disruptive, and less
dangerous than sustaining damage.
In a few situations, deep or fast moving waters will push a building off its foundation, but this is
rare. More frequently, structural damage is caused by the weight of standing water, known as
"hydrostatic pressure." Basement walls and floors are particularly susceptible to damage by
hydrostatic pressure. Not only is the water acting on basement walls deeper, but a basement is
also subject to the combined weight of water and saturated earth. In addition, water in the
ground underneath a flooded building will seek its own level, resulting in uplift forces that can
break a concrete basement floor.
The most common type of property damage inflicted by a flood is soaking. When soaked, many
materials change their composition or shape. Wet wood will swell and, if dried too quickly, will
crack, split or warp. Plywood can fall apart. Gypsum wallboard will fall apart if it is bumped
before it dries. The longer these materials remain wet, the more moisture, sediment and
pollutants they will absorb.
Soaking can cause extensive damage to household goods. Wooden furniture may become so
badly warped that it cannot be used. Other furnishings, such as upholstery, carpeting, mattresses,
and books, are usually not worth drying out and restoring. Electrical appliances and gasoline
engines will not work safely until they are professionally cleaned and dried. While a building
may appear sound and unharmed after a flood, the water may have caused a lot of damage. To
properly clean a flooded building, the walls and floors should be stripped, cleaned and allowed to
dry before being recovered. This can take weeks and is a costly process.
Table 12 below shows the appraised value of all buildings in unincorporated Seminole County
by FEMA flood zone. All of the buildings in these zones are at risk of flood damage.
Table 8: Appraised Value of Buildings in Unincorporated Seminole County by Flood Zone
Zone
zone AE
IDce Ax
2ucex
Tutal Bldg Value
Rov labels RIJg Value
Sum of Buil0ini,
Num
RIJg Value
Sum of milalug
Num
RIJg Value
Sum of RUnTin
Num
RIJg Value
sum of RUlMing
Num
l ncultuml $6W,698.00
22
$73,346.00
26
$14,502200
1
$13,502931.00
469
$15025$63.00
Comme, -1 $11,906,60A00
A
$11,192183.00
32G
$73,33,418.00
2362
$802410665.00
G— rnment $179,31(0
1
$24,440,020.00
2l1
$24,660,561.00
IndusMal $1, 01,086(0
_0
$3,230,440.00
101
$200,652P9.00
1650
$208,410,265.00
oncl $15,03 ;]29.00
51
$3,559,45.00
1
$ ;508,94200
$299,081,934.00
$]51,)%6,530.00
Mufti Famly Residential $97,251(0
$3/0}6100
5
$1,020316,134.00
23165
$1,02(,783$66.00
Muc Reselenteel $12516.00
6
$1,131,1,oe
30
$1,199,230.00
129
$2 5n92900
Open Space $1,170626.00
ll
$1,257.659.00
116
$3,176,00500
135
$5, C39, 12%.00
1m,le Far1, Resnlmtd $7(0966,39200
1366
$321,271,141.00
]233
$9,359,446.00
96
$9, 57315330.00
66482
$10,210,)60211.00
GraMTOW ¢42,NR,9A.CO
1]51
¢49,fi0fi,Po0.OR
3035
$11,880,9)0.00
11H
$]1954,114,655 C0
99ffi4
$12$58, 635,4M.00
Flood insurance claims figures do not include those items that are not covered by a flood
insurance policy, like cars and landscaping, or the value of family heirlooms. They also do not
include damages to uninsured or underinsured properties.
3.8.6 Economic Impacts
Although repairing structural flood damages can be costly, they can also have economic impacts
beyond building repairs. Floods can close down businesses for days, weeks, or longer.
Businesses can lose their inventories, customers are unable to reach them, and employees are
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 34
3 Flood Risk Assessment
often unable to work. Below is a table which indicates the largest employers in Seminole
County which make up much of the tax base.
Table 9: Seminole County Major Employers
Employer
Number Employed
Seminole County School Board
8,632
Florida Hospital
1,945
Seminole State College of Florida
1,571
Seminole County Board of County Commissioners
1,295
Seminole County Sheriffs Office
1,295
G & A Outsourcing INC
1,073
Convergys CustMGMT -US
1,010
South Seminole Hospital
928
Chase Bmkcard Services INC
887
Seminole Memorial Hospital
887
Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems AM
856
Symmtec Corporation
794
JP Mor m Chase Bank
765
The American Automobile Association
685
Sears Roebuck and Co
655
Greenberg Dental Associates
620
Sprint Corp
609
Brasfield & Gorie LLC
538
Tri -City Electrical Contractors INC
535
City of Sanford
508
HF Mma ement Services LLC
507
United Parcel Services
499
Del Air Heating & Refrigeration
498
Gander Mountain Company
493
Verizon Corporate Resources Group
473
City of Altamonte Springs
461
Aue Staffing INC
451
Central Florida Educators Federal C
425
Soi 23 of Fl INC
424
AHS Information Services
416
Wal -Mart Associates INC
413
Duke Energy Florida INC
410
Farmers Group INC
400
As of June 2009 there were approximately 241,667 workers in the labor force for Seminole
County according to the Florida Agency for Workforce Innovation, Labor Market Statistics. It is
estimated that 29.7% of the workforce are employed in blue collar occupations and 70.3% are
employed in white collar occupations. According to the Florida Agency Workforce for
Innovation, CES, in June2009, 19.5% of the workforce in Seminole County was employed in the
leisure and hospitality industry, 15.9% in professional and business services, 10.6% in
government, 11.6% in education and health care and 11% in retail. The table below indicates the
taxation value from 2008 through 2010 according to the County Property Appraiser.
Table 10: Seminole County Taxable Value
Year
Value.
% Change
2012
$23,594,964,485
-1.13%
2013
$4,292,150,212
2.95%
2014
$25,643,774,089
5.56%
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 35
3 Flood Risk Assessment
3.8.7 Repetitive Loss Properties
A repetitive loss property is a property that has experienced repeated flooding that caused
financial losses. The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is continually faced with the
challenge of balancing the financial soundness of the program with the competing expectations
of keeping premiums affordable. Repetitive loss properties are one of the largest obstacles to
achieving financial soundness.
A repetitive loss property is defined as any insurable building for which two or more claims of
more than $1,000 were paid by the NFIP within any rolling 10 -year period since 1978. Two of
the claims paid must be more than 10 days apart but, within 10 years of each other. A repetitive
loss property may or may not be currently insured by the NFIP.
A severe repetitive loss property is defined by the Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2004 as any
one- to four - family residence that has had four or more claims of more than $5,000, or at least
two claims that cumulatively exceed the building's value.
Repetitive loss properties are the biggest draw on the National Flood Insurance Fund. Repetitive
loss properties are not only costly; they also disrupt and threaten residents' lives. These
properties may be sponsored by state or local government programs that mitigate the flood losses
or provide information on how to mitigate flood losses through such measures as elevating
buildings above the level of the base flood, demolishing buildings, removing buildings from the
Special Flood Hazard Area, or local drainage improvement projects.
In Seminole County, there are a total of 15 repetitive loss properties, only 12 of which are
insured under the NFIP. These 15 repetitive loss properties have experienced a total of 33 losses,
and 26 of those losses occurred while the building was insured under NFIP. Three of the
repetitive loss properties are post -FIRM buildings, meaning that they were built after the
effective date of the first Flood Insurance Rate Map for the County.
The repetitive loss properties in Seminole County are shown in Figure 13 on the next page. The
map also identifies repetitive loss properties which have been mitigated and those properties
which have only had one loss since 2000. It is important to identify single loss properties as they
have the potential to be the County's next repetitive loss properties. Detailed areas of repetitive
loss are shown in the following figures.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 36
3 Flood Risk Assessment
Figure 12: Countywide Repetitive Loss Properties, Mitigated Properties, and Single Loss Properties
since 2000
Repetitive Goss foperties
e
•e
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Figure 13: Repetitive Loss Properties Area 1
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Q 500 -Year
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 37
Figure 14: Repetitive Loss Properties Area 2
LLL�
— F ---- T----T—
Figure 15: Repetitive Loss Properties Area 3
Repetitive Goss
foperties
Area 2
Q Repetdry Loss Area 2
Parcels
No R...f sd Loss
OnETlme Loss
Rapotitrva Loss
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10C Y..r
501 Vear
Repetitive Goss
foperties
Area 3
Q Repetitive Loss Area 3
Parcels
0 Nn RemMetl I nss
On�Time Loss
Repetitive Loss
Flood Zone
100 Year
500 Year
3 Flood Risk Assessment
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 38
Figure 16: Repetitive Loss Properties Area 4
Figure 17: Repetitive Loss Properties Area 5
FY
m
1
Repetitive Goss
foperties
Area 4
Q Repettlive Loss Area 4
Parcels
C] No Record.d Loss
M One-Tlme Lass
M Rapotit. Loss
Floorl Zone
Q IN Year
O WU -Year
Repetitive Loss
fto,perties
Area 5
Q ReWhhve Luss Nea 5
Parcels
0 No Record.d Loss
� On�Time Loss
RepeN. Loss
Floor! Zone
Q 100 -Year
❑
50O Aar
3 Flood Risk Assessment
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 39
Figure 18: Repetitive Loss Properties Area 6
t��
Figure 19: Repetitive Loss Properties Area 7
±± -T-
",/,
Repetitive Goss
foperties
Area 6
Q Repeltlive Loss Area 6
Parcels
0 No R.c.N.d Loss
OnETlme Loss
Rapelilrve Loss
Flood Zone
Q IN Year
O WU Year
Repetitive Goss
foperties
Area 7
Q Repelilive Loss Area 7
Parcels
0 No R...N.d Loss
Onr Time Loss
RepellMe Loss
Flood Zone
Q IN Year
O 506 -Year
3 Flood Risk Assessment
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 40
Figure 20: Repetitive Loss Properties Area 8
3.9 Flood Warn
Repetitive Goss
foperties
Area 8
Q R.,tdve Loss Area S
Parcels
0 No R.c.Ned Loss
OnETlnle Lass
RepeM. Loss
Flood Zone
Q 700 -Year
O SOU -Year
3 Flood Risk Assessment
Seminole County residents can sign up for the Alert Seminole Emergency Notification System,
which will contact those registered in the event of an emergency that may require evacuation.
Residents can also stay prepared by listening to NOAA weather radio, particularly during
hurricane season, by visiting Seminole County's Hurricane and Storm Information website at
http: / /www.seminolecountyfl.gov /guide /hurricane.asp, or by calling the citizen information
hotline at (407) 665 -0311.
3.10Natural and Beneficial Areas
In their natural, undeveloped state,
floodplains play an important role in
flooding. They allow flood waters to
spread over a large area, reducing
flood velocities and providing flood
storage to reduce peak flows
downstream. Natural floodplains
reduce wind and wave impacts and
their vegetation stabilizes soils.
Natural cover acts as a filter for runoff
and overbank flows, improving water
quality and minimizing the amount of
sediment transported downstream and
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 41
F
3.9 Flood Warn
Repetitive Goss
foperties
Area 8
Q R.,tdve Loss Area S
Parcels
0 No R.c.Ned Loss
OnETlnle Lass
RepeM. Loss
Flood Zone
Q 700 -Year
O SOU -Year
3 Flood Risk Assessment
Seminole County residents can sign up for the Alert Seminole Emergency Notification System,
which will contact those registered in the event of an emergency that may require evacuation.
Residents can also stay prepared by listening to NOAA weather radio, particularly during
hurricane season, by visiting Seminole County's Hurricane and Storm Information website at
http: / /www.seminolecountyfl.gov /guide /hurricane.asp, or by calling the citizen information
hotline at (407) 665 -0311.
3.10Natural and Beneficial Areas
In their natural, undeveloped state,
floodplains play an important role in
flooding. They allow flood waters to
spread over a large area, reducing
flood velocities and providing flood
storage to reduce peak flows
downstream. Natural floodplains
reduce wind and wave impacts and
their vegetation stabilizes soils.
Natural cover acts as a filter for runoff
and overbank flows, improving water
quality and minimizing the amount of
sediment transported downstream and
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 41
3 Flood Risk Assessment
the impurities in that sediment. Floodplains can be recharge areas for groundwater and reduce
the frequency and duration of low flows of surface water. They provide habitat for diverse
species of plants and animals, some of which cannot live in other habitats. Floodplains are
particularly important as breeding and feeding grounds. Natural floodplains also moderate water
temperature, reducing potential harm to aquatic plants and animals.
Seminole County preserves and manages several wilderness areas to protect biodiversity of
species, wildlife corridors, and water resources while offering passive recreation areas for
Seminole County residents. Through a voter approved referendum in 1990, a $20 million bond
was established, creating the Seminole County Natural Lands Program. The primary purpose of
this program is to systematically assess, rank and purchase environmentally significant lands
throughout the County. These lands are purchased to preserve or restore their important
ecological functions as well as to provide sites for passive, resource based recreational activities.
Since the program's inception, Seminole County has purchased just over 6,600 acres. Several of
these sites have been opened for public access, as shown in Figure 22 on the neat page.
Figure 21: Wilderness Area Open to the Public in Seminole County
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3.11 Historical Storms
In evaluating the localized threat of hurricanes and tropical storms to the City, NOAA hurricane
track data from 1851 to 2015 was analyzed to identify storms that may have posed a threat to the
County. Based on this data, 47 storms, including hurricanes, tropical storms, tropical
depressions, extratropical storms, subtropical storms, and subtropical depressions, passed within
25 miles of Seminole County during that time period. Of these 47 storms, 16 were tropical
depressions, subtropical depressions and extratropical storms (winds <39 mph), 20 were tropical
storms (winds of 39 -73 mph), and 11 were hurricanes. One was a Category 3 hurricane (winds of
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 42
3 Flood Risk Assessment
111 -130 mph), Hurricane Donna in 1960. Four were Category 2 hurricanes (winds of 96 -110
mph) and six were Category 1 hurricanes (winds 74 -95 mph).
3.12 The St. Johns River
The St. Johns River is a northwardly flowing river that stretches through Florida. This river is the
longest river in Florida stretching 310 miles. This river is responsible for draining the eastern
half of Central Florida. The issue with this river is when it rains and floods, it always gets bigger.
When this river fills up, it is hard to divert the water. In the past ten years, there have been times
when the river flooded causing damage in Seminole County. The most recent time of flooding
occurred at the end of September to the beginning of October 2014.
3.13 References
1. Flood insurance claims records for Seminole County, FEMA.
2. Flood Insurance Rate Map for Seminole County and Incorporated Areas, FEMA.
3. Local Mitigation Strategy for Seminole County and its Municipalities, Seminole County.
4. Seminole County Comprehensive Plan, Seminole County, 2008.
5. "Storm Events for Florida," NOAA. Retrieved December 13, 2010 from
http: / /www4.ncdc. noaa. gov /cgi- win/wwcgi.dll ?wwevent — storms.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 43
5 Preventive Measures
4 Goals and Objectives
Chapter 3 documents the flood risk that threatens the unincorporated areas of Seminole County,
the vulnerability of structures, infrastructure, and critical facilities to floods, and the capacity the
County has to reduce the flood hazard. The intent of Goal Setting is to identify areas where the
County's existing capabilities (in terms of policies and programs) can be enhanced so that the
community's overall vulnerability to flood hazards is reduced. Goals are also necessary to guide
the review of possible mitigation measures. At the same time, this plan needs to ensure that
recommended actions are consistent with what is appropriate for Seminole County. Mitigation
goals need to reflect community priorities and be consistent with other plans for the County.
4.1 Background
4.1.1 Seminole County Local Mitigation Strategy
The goals of this plan need to be consistent with and complement the goals of other planning
efforts. The primary planning document that this Floodplain Management Plan must
complement and be consistent with is the Seminole County Local Mitigation Strategy. This plan
will be adopted as an appendix to Seminole County Local Mitigation Strategy; therefore the
goals in both planning documents should align and not conflict. The eight goals of the Seminole
County Local Mitigation Strategy are:
• Goal 1: Local government shall make every reasonable effort to identify, develop,
implement, and reduce hazard vulnerability through effective mitigation programs.
• Goal 2: All sectors of the community will work together to create a disaster resistant
community.
• Goal 3: Reduce the vulnerability of critical infrastructures and public facilities from the
effects of all hazards.
• Goal 4: Strengthen continuity planning for local government operations to avoid
significant disruptions.
• Goal 5: Develop policies and regulation to support effective hazard mitigation
programming throughout the community.
• Goal 6: Encourage economic vitality of the community by providing businesses
continuity education, disaster planning, and diversifying employment opportunities.
• Goal 7: Strengthen community's infrastructure to minimize significant disruption from a
disaster.
4.2 Goals
Following the exercises, the FMPC agreed upon five general goals for this planning effort. The
goals were refined and objectives in support of the goals were also added.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 44
5 Preventive Measures
Goal l: Protect the lives, health, safety and welfare of the citizens of Seminole County
from the effects of flooding
Objective 1.1: Focus natural hazard mitigation efforts on flooding resulting from
heavy rainfall which causes runoff, overbank, backwater, and
stormwater issues to keep the problem from getting worse
Objective 1.2: Implement regulatory measures to encourage new development in
areas that are less likely to be exposed to the effects of flood damage
Objective 1.3: Preserve open space in hazardous areas, especially where there are
sensitive natural areas and agricultural lands
Objective 1.4: Protect the environmental integrity of the natural water systems in
Seminole County by focusing on water quality and best management
practices
Goal 2: Promote emergency management and warning system measures to provide better
protection to the residents of Seminole County
Objective 2.1: Leverage state and federal emergency management funding for
planning, training and equipment
Objective 2.2: Seek funding for the installation of stream and river gages to help
provide increased flood warning capability
Goal 3: Promote a public education program to encourage self -help and self - protection
measures to mitigate the effects of flood damage on private property
Objective 3:1: Encourage residents to assume an appropriate level of responsibility
for their own protection
Objective 3.2: Promote flood insurance as a property protection measure against
flood damage
Goal 4: Protect critical and cultural facilities and public infrastructure from flood damage
Objective 4.1: Seek County, State and Federal support for projects
Objective 4.2: Identify critical infrastructure in need of protection from flood damage
Goal 5: Identify and implement specific projects to mitigate flood damage where cost -
effective and affordable to include reducing the number of repetitively damaged
structures
Objective 5.1: Leverage state and federal grant funding to facilitate buyouts,
elevations and other mitigation efforts
Objective 5.2: Target repetitive loss properties for implementation of mitigation
proj ects
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 45
5 Preventive Measures
5 Preventive Measures
Preventive measures are designed to keep a problem such as flooding from occurring or from
getting worse. The objective of preventive measures is to ensure that future development is not
exposed to damage and does not cause an increase in damages to other properties. Building,
zoning, planning and code enforcement offices usually administer preventive measures. Some
examples of types of preventive measures include:
• Building codes
• Planning and zoning
• Open space preservation
• Floodplain regulations
• Stormwater management
5.1 Building Codes
Building codes provide one of the best methods of
addressing flood hazards. When properly designed and
constructed according to code, the average building can
withstand many of the impacts of natural hazards.
Hazard protection standards for all new and improved
or repaired buildings can be incorporated into the local
building code. Building codes can ensure that the first
floors of new buildings are constructed to be higher
than the elevation of the 100 -year flood (the flood that
is expected to have a one percent chance of occurring in
any given year). Building codes in Seminole County
also require that driveways are sloped so as to prevent
flood waters from draining into a building.
Figure 22: Elevated Home
Just as important as having code standards is the enforcement of the code. Adequate inspections
are needed during the course of construction to ensure the builder understands the requirements
and is following them. Making sure a structure is properly anchored requires site inspections at
each step.
Seminole County's Code of Ordinances adopts the Florida Building Code by reference, and the
State of Florida has some of the most stringent building codes in the nation. Nonetheless, during
planning meetings where the mitigation strategies were evaluated, the FMPC discussed possible
ways to strengthen Seminole County's building codes. There is relatively no cost involved in
strengthening codes, but since the County adopts the Florida Building Code, the possibility of
exceeding current code requirements is extremely slim. Another possibility discussed was to
increase the number of elevation reference benchmarks available in the County. The benefit to
construction and development of having more elevation reference marks is that developers are
able to measure elevation more accurately for new structures, thereby ensuring that the County's
construction code requirements for structure elevations are met.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 46
5 Preventive Measures
5.1.1 Manufactured Homes
Manufactured or mobile homes are usually not regulated
by local building codes. They are built in a factory and
out of state, and they are shipped to a site. They do have
to meet construction standards set by the U.S.
Department of Housing and Urban Development. All
mobile homes constructed after 1976 must comply with
HUD's National Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards. These standards apply
uniformly across the country and it is illegal for a local unit of government to require additional
construction requirements. Local jurisdictions may regulate the location of these structures and
their on -site installation.
The NFIP allows communities to exempt mobile homes in existing mobile home parks from
some of the flood protection requirements. The CRS provides up to 50 points if the community
does not use this exemption. Seminole County does not use this exemption.
5.1.2 Local Implementation
Seminole County uses the 2014 Florida Building Code. The County's floodplain management
ordinance requires development in areas of special flood hazard to be reasonably safe from
flooding. This means that new construction and substantial improvements shall be designed or
modified and adequately anchored to prevent flotation, collapse or lateral movement of the
structure resulting from flooding. New construction and substantial improvements must also be
constructed using methods that minimize flood damage. New construction or substantial
improvement of any residential structure, including manufactured homes, must have the lowest
floor, including the basement, elevated to no lower than one foot above the base flood elevation.
In addition, manufactured homes must be anchored to prevent flotation, collapse, or lateral
movement. For commercial properties, the first floor must be elevated to one foot above the base
flood or they must be flood - proofed in lieu of being elevated.
5.1.3 CRS Credit
The CRS encourages strong building codes. It provides credit in two ways: points are awarded
based on the community's BCEGS classification and points are awarded for adopting the
International Code series. Seminole County's BCEGS rating is a Class 3 for both residential and
commercial. Seminole County uses the 2014 Florida Building Code
The CRS also has a prerequisite for a community to attain a CRS Class 8 or better: the
community must have a BCEGS class of 6 or better. To attain a CRS Class 4 or better, the
community must have a BCEGS class of 5 or better. Seminole County's BCEGS class is 3/3.
5.2 Planning and Zoning
Building codes provide guidance on how to build in hazardous areas. Planning and zoning
activities direct development away from these areas, especially floodplains and wetlands. They
do this by designating land uses that are compatible with the natural conditions of lands prone to
flooding, such as open space or recreation. Planning and zoning activities can also provide
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 47
5 Preventive Measures
benefits simply by allowing developers more flexibility in arranging improvements on a parcel
of land through the planned development approach.
5.2.1 Comprehensive Plans
These plans are the primary tools used by communities to address future development. They can
reduce future flood - related damages by indicating open space or low density development within
floodplains and other hazardous areas. Unfortunately, natural hazards are not always emphasized
or considered in the specific land use recommendations.
Generally, a plan has limited authority. It reflects what the community would like to see happen.
Its utility is that it guides other local measures, such as capital improvement programs, zoning
ordinances, and subdivision regulations.
5.2.2 Zoning Regulations
A zoning ordinance regulates development by dividing a community into zones and setting
development criteria for each zone. Zoning codes are considered the primary tool to implement a
comprehensive plan's guidelines for how land should be developed. Zoning ordinances can limit
development in hazardous areas, such as reserving floodplain zones for agricultural uses. Often,
developers will produce a standard grid layout. The ordinance and the community can allow
flexibility in lot sizes
and location so Figure 23: Planned Unit Developments
developers can avoid
hazardous areas.
One way to encourage
such flexibility is to use
a planned unit
development (PUD)
approach. This
approach allows
developers to
incorporate flood hazard
mitigation measures
into projects. Open
space or floodplain
preservation can be
facilitated as site design
standards and land use
densities can be
PUD: In the standard zoning approach (left), the developer considers six equally -sized
lots without regard for the flood hazard_ Two properties are subject to flooding and the
natural stream is disrupted An alternative, flexible, PUD approach is shown on the right.
The floodplain is dedicated as public open space. There are seven smaller lots, but those
abutting the flocdplain have the advantage of being adjacent to a larger open area Four
lots have riverfront views instead of two. These amenities compensate for the smaller lot
sizes, so the parcels are valued the same. The developer makes the same or more
Income and the future residents are safer.
adjusted to fit the property's specific characteristics, as shown in Figure 26.
5.2.3 Capital Improvement Plans
A capital improvement plan will guide a community's major public expenditures for a five- to
20 -year period. Capital expenditures may include acquisition of open space within the hazardous
areas, extension of public services into hazardous areas, or retrofitting existing public structures
to withstand a hazard.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 48
5 Preventive Measures
5.2.4 Local Implementation
The Seminole County Comprehensive Plan includes conservation goals to address the long -range
implementation of programs aimed at meeting environmental regulations and preserving the
County's natural amenities. Seminole County uses a multi - faceted system to direct incompatible
land uses away from wetlands. To date, this system has managed to preserve most of the wetland
acreage in the urban area. There are three primary methods by which the County directs
incompatible land uses away from wetlands, and several secondary methods. The primary
methods are:
1. Identification of environmentally sensitive lands. These lands are to be preserved
during the development process.
2. Land acquisition. Seminole County also protects wetlands through land acquisition via
the County's Natural Lands Program. In combination with the efforts of the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and the St.
Johns River Water Management District, over 18,000 acres of the County's 41,000 acres
of wetlands are in public ownership. This is roughly 44% of County lands.
3. Special areas. The County and the State have designated areas for special consideration
to protect wetlands, including the Wekiva River Protection Area, the Econlockhatchee
River Protection Zone, and the East Rural Area. These three areas make up roughly 75
percent of the County's unincorporated area. Development within these areas is managed
and regulated to protect natural resources and maintain their rural character.
The secondary methods of directing incompatible uses away from wetlands are through the
implementation and execution of the Comprehensive Plan's Future Land Use designations and
Seminole County's Land Development Code.
1. Special Techniques. For example, allowing clustering of development, or planned
development, in exchange for preserving open areas which protects natural resources
from development.
2. Environmentally Sensitive Land Overlay. Seminole County maintains an
Environmentally Sensitive Lands Overlay Area, as defined in the Comprehensive Plan.
The Environmentally Sensitive Lands Overlay Area includes any areas flooded during a
100 -year flood event or identified by NFIP as Zone A or Zone V, as well as wetlands as
defined by the St. Johns River Water Management District. This designation is used to
limit permitted uses on wetland properties and direct development away from
environmentally sensitive lands.
3. The Urban /Rural Boundary. This boundary forms the foundation for both wetland
regulation and for the land uses that are assigned throughout the County. Having
established that the East Rural Area contains a high quality mosaic of valuable wetland
and upland systems, the County has adopted a limited number of land use designations of
very low density in the Rural Area to protect these resources.
5.2.5 CRS Credit
The CRS provides flood insurance discounts to those communities that implement various
floodplain management activities that meet certain criteria. Comparing local activities to those
national criteria helps determine if local activities should be improved.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 49
5 Preventive Measures
Up to 100 points are provided for regulations that encourage developers to preserve floodplains
or other hazardous areas from development. There is no credit for a plan, only for the
enforceable regulations that are adopted pursuant to a plan. Up to 600 points are provided for
setting aside floodplains for low density zoning, such as five acre lots or conservation.
5.3 Open Space Preservation
Keeping the floodplain and other hazardous areas open and free from development is the best
approach to preventing damage to new developments. Open space can be maintained in
agricultural use or can serve as parks, greenway corridors and golf courses.
Comprehensive and capital improvement plans should identify areas to be preserved by
acquisition and other means, such as purchasing an easement. With an easement, the owner is
free to develop and use private property, but property taxes are reduced or a payment is made to
the owner if the owner agrees to not build on the part set aside in the easement.
Although there are some federal programs that can help acquire or preserve open lands, open
space lands and easements do not always have to be purchased. Developers can be encouraged to
dedicate park land and required to dedicate easements for drainage and maintenance purposes.
These are usually linear areas along property lines or channels. Maintenance easements also can
be donated by streamside property owners in return for a community maintenance program.
5.3.1 Local Implementation
In 1990, the voters of Seminole County approved a $20 million dollar bond which created the
Seminole County Natural Lands Program (NLP). The NLP established a system to access, rank
and purchase environmentally significant lands throughout the County. In 2000, a voter -
approved referendum provided for $25 million dollars with $20 million dollars of support of the
County trails program and $5 million dollars for natural lands. The County used these funds to
purchase land to preserve or restore their important ecological functions, as well as provide sites
for passive resource -based recreational activities. Since the inception of the program, Seminole
County has purchased and currently manages just over 6,600 acres of land through the NLP.
The County's adoption of flood prone and wetland ordinances were critical steps in providing
countywide protection of wetlands. The County's wetlands protection program has established
an extensive network of wetlands under conservation easements. Land acquisition efforts by
Seminole County and the State of Florida have led to the conservation of major wetland systems
in the Econlockhatchee, Wekiva, St. Johns, and Lake Jesup Basins. An ongoing focus on the
conservation of intact wetland systems in the rural portion of the County supplements these
acquisition programs. Preserved lands in Seminole County are shown in the figure below.
Figure 24: Preserved Lands in Seminole County
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 50
5 Preventive Measures
Wilderness areas and trails created from these referendums include the Black Bear, Black
Hammock, Geneva, Chuluota, Lake Proctor, Econ River, Lake Jesup, and Spring Hammock
Preserve. These environmental assets are open to the public for environmental education and
passive recreation. The County designated these lands as "Preservation/Managed Lands" on the
Future Land Use Plan Map in 2008. The County will continue to manage the more than 6,600
acres of Natural Lands acquired through these bond referendum for the preservation of
significant natural habitats, open space areas and greenways.
In addition, the Comprehensive Plan states that the County shall include in its Land
Development Code neighborhood performance standards for "common, liked and usable open
space for active and/or passive recreation, including interconnected walkways, bikeways, trails
and greenways" as well as "Preservation of onsite natural lands." The County's Land
Development Code requires that all new development, unless otherwise specified within the
Code, include a minimum amount of urban, suburban or rural open space and that open space
areas within a development be connected to each other. The amount and type of required open
space varies with the character of the proposed development and surrounding land uses. For
commercial developments, the open space ratio is a minimum of 25% of the parcel.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 51
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Wilderness areas and trails created from these referendums include the Black Bear, Black
Hammock, Geneva, Chuluota, Lake Proctor, Econ River, Lake Jesup, and Spring Hammock
Preserve. These environmental assets are open to the public for environmental education and
passive recreation. The County designated these lands as "Preservation/Managed Lands" on the
Future Land Use Plan Map in 2008. The County will continue to manage the more than 6,600
acres of Natural Lands acquired through these bond referendum for the preservation of
significant natural habitats, open space areas and greenways.
In addition, the Comprehensive Plan states that the County shall include in its Land
Development Code neighborhood performance standards for "common, liked and usable open
space for active and/or passive recreation, including interconnected walkways, bikeways, trails
and greenways" as well as "Preservation of onsite natural lands." The County's Land
Development Code requires that all new development, unless otherwise specified within the
Code, include a minimum amount of urban, suburban or rural open space and that open space
areas within a development be connected to each other. The amount and type of required open
space varies with the character of the proposed development and surrounding land uses. For
commercial developments, the open space ratio is a minimum of 25% of the parcel.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 51
5 Preventive Measures
5.3.2 CRS Credit
Preserving flood prone areas as open space is one of the highest priorities of the Community
Rating System. Up to 700 points can be given, based on how much of the floodplain is in parks,
wildlife refuges, golf courses, or other uses that can be depended on to stay open (Activity 420 —
Open Space Preservation).
5.4 Subdivision Regulations
Subdivision regulations govern how land will be subdivided and set construction standards.
These standards generally address roads, sidewalks, utilities, storm sewers, and drainageways.
They can include the following flood protection standards:
• Requiring that the final plat show all hazardous areas
• Requiring that each lot be provided with a building site above the flood level
• Requiring that all roadways be no more than one foot below the flood elevation
5.4.1 Local Implementation
Seminole County's subdivision regulations require:
• Final subdivision plats require the 100 -year floodplain boundary to be identified.
5.5 Floodplain Regulations
Most communities with a flood problem participate in the National Flood Insurance Program
(NFIP). The NFIP sets minimum requirements for the participating communities' standards for
development, subdivision of land, construction of buildings, installation of mobile homes, and
improvements and repairs to buildings. These are usually spelled out in a separate ordinance.
The NFIP minimum requirements are summarized in the box on the next page. It should be
stressed that these are minimum requirements. To gain credit in the CRS, communities must
adopt and implement floodplain regulations that go above and beyond the minimum
requirements of the NFIP.
5.5.1 Enforcement
To ensure that communities are meeting the NFIP standards, FEMA periodically conducts a
Community Assessment Visit. During this visit, the maps and ordinances are reviewed, permits
are checked, and issues are discussed with staff. Failure to meet all of the requirements can result
in one or more consequences:
• Reclassification under the Community Rating System to a higher class
• Probation, which entails a $50 surcharge on every flood insurance policy in the
community, or
• Suspension from the NFIP.
In 2004, Lafourche Parish, Louisiana, was cited and reclassified from a CRS Class 9 to a Class
10, in effect kicking the P +arish out of the CRS. Suspension is more serious. It means that the
community is out of the NFIP and the following sanctions are imposed:
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 52
5 Preventive Measures
• Flood insurance will not be available. No resident will be able to purchase a flood
insurance policy.
• Existing flood insurance policies will not be renewed.
• No direct federal grants or loans for development may be made in identified flood hazard
areas under programs administered by federal agencies, such as HUD, EPA, and the
Small Business Administration.
• Federal disaster assistance will not be provided to repair insurable buildings located in
identified flood hazard areas for damage caused by a flood.
• No federal mortgage insurance or loan guarantees may be provided in identified flood
hazard areas. This includes policies written by FHA, VA, and others.
• Federally insured or regulated lending institutions, such as banks and credit unions, must
notify applicants seeking loans for insurable buildings in flood hazard areas that there is a
flood hazard and the property is not eligible for federal disaster relief.
These sanctions can be severe for any community with a substantial number of buildings in the
floodplain. Most communities with a flood problem have joined the NFIP and are in full
compliance with their regulatory obligations.
One way to assure good administration and enforcement is to have Certified Floodplain
Managers on staff. The Association of State Floodplain Managers administers the national
Certified Floodplain Manager (CFM®) program. Certification involves a three hour exam and a
requirement for continuing education each year. The exam covers the regulatory standards of the
National Flood Insurance Program as well as mapping, administration, enforcement and flood
hazard mitigation.
5.5.2 Minimum NFIP Regulatory Requirements
The NFIP is administered by FEMA. As a condition of making flood insurance available for
their residents, communities that participate in the NFIP agree to regulate new construction in the
area subject to inundation by the 100 -year (base) flood. The floodplain subject to these
requirements is shown as an A or V Zone on the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM).
There are five major floodplain regulatory requirements. Additional floodplain regulatory
requirements may be set by state and local
laws.
Communities are encouraged to adopt
local ordinances that are more
comprehensive or provide more protection
than the federal criteria. The NFIP's
Community Rating System provides
insurance premium credits to recognize
the additional flood protection benefit of
higher regulatory standards.
5.5.3 Local Implementation
Seminole County's Floodplain Ordinance
meets all of the NFIP's floodplain
BFE ® Ti'Tf
i 11 II
s.
�IrR' Foll m,
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan BFE7 �P] 53
5 Preventive Measures
regulatory requirements. The County's Floodplain Ordinance exceeds minimum NFIP standards
for a number of elements that are credited in the CRS.
5.5.4 CRS Credit
There are many higher regulatory standards that warrant CRS credit. These standards include:
• Delineating a floodway, the area of higher hazard near the channel. This would allow
development outside the floodway (called the "floodplain fringe ") without engineering
studies to determine their impact on others.
• Requiring all new construction to be elevated one or two feet above the base flood
elevation to provide an extra level of protection from waves and higher floods. This extra
protection is reflected in a distinct reduction in flood insurance rates.
• Having all developers (not just the larger ones) provide flood data where none are
available.
• Specifications to protect foundations from erosion, scour and settling.
• Prohibiting critical facilities from all or parts of the floodplain.
• Prohibiting hazardous materials.
• Requiring buffers adjacent to streams or natural areas.
• Restrictions on use of enclosures below elevated buildings.
• Flood storage lost due to filling and construction must be compensated for by removal of
an equal volume of storage.
• The CRS also provides credit for having trained staff and a higher credit if the staff
members are Certified Floodplain Managers.
It should be noted that one of the prerequisites for participation in the CRS is that the community
be in full compliance with the minimum requirements of the NFIP. A community with a number
of "potential violations" risks being removed from the CRS entirely.
Seminole County's Floodplain Ordinance requires that residential construction is built with the
lowest floor no lower than one foot above the base flood elevation, which is an extra requirement
beyond NFIP's minimum requirements. An additional requirement beyond the minimum for
Seminole County is that the ordinance sets specific restrictions on the use of enclosures below
elevated buildings.
The County has a total of ten Certified Floodplain Managers on staff, four of whom are in the
Building Division.
Buffers are required within wetlands to protect the natural and beneficial functions of the
floodplain.
Seminole County has a floodplain storage capacity requirement that requires that if fill is brought
into a development, an equal amount of fill must be removed somewhere in the floodplain to
maintain the floodplain storage capacity.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 54
5 Preventive Measures
5.6 Stormwater Man
Development in floodplains is development in harm's way. New construction in the floodplain
increases the amount of development exposed to damage and can aggravate flooding on
neighboring properties.
Development outside a floodplain can also
contribute to flooding problems. Stormwater
runoff is increased when natural ground cover is
replaced by urban development (see graphic).
Development in the watershed that drains to a
river can aggravate downstream flooding,
overload the community's drainage system, cause
erosion, and impair water quality.
There are three ways to prevent flooding
problems caused by stormwater runoff:
1. Regulating development in the floodplain
to ensure that it will be protected from
flooding and that it won't divert
floodwaters onto other properties, and
2. Regulating all development to ensure that
the post - development peak runoff will not
be greater than it was under pre -
development conditions.
3. Set construction standards so buildings
are protected from shallow water.
Most communities participate in the NFIP, which
Figure 26: Effect of Development on
Stormwater
40%evapor at ion
r
25% shallow
infilt ation
Natural Land
1p °.4 runoff
25 deep infinration
W1. evaporation
infinration^ �"W
ss °4
runoff
sets minimum requirements for regulating
development in the floodplain. The State of S"'. deep infiltration
Developed Land
Florida has more stringent requirements than the
NFIP, including a requirement that all new buildings must be elevated to no lower than one foot
above the base flood elevation.
Stormwater runoff regulations require developers to build retention or detention basins to
minimize the increases in the runoff rate caused by impervious surfaces and new drainage
systems. Generally, each development must not let stormwater leave at a rate higher than what
existed under pre - development conditions.
Standards for drainage requirements are typical in subdivision regulations. Standards for storm
sewers, ditches, culverts, etc., are best set when an area is laid out and developed. Traditionally,
the national standard is to require that the local drainage system carry the 10 -year storm.
Recently, communities are finding that older estimates of the 10 -year storm understated the true
hazard, so they are addressing larger storms.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 55
5 Preventive Measures
One problem with requiring the drainage system to carry water away is that runoff increases with
urban development. The runoff equivalent of a 10 -year storm occurs more frequently, and from
smaller storms. The problem is just sent downstream onto someone else's property.
Accordingly, modern subdivision regulations require new developments to ensure that the post -
development peak runoff will not be greater than it was under pre - development conditions. This
is usually done by constructing retention or detention basins to hold the runoff for afew hours or
days, until flows in the system have subsided and the downstream channels can accept the water
without flooding.
If the storm sewers or roadside ditches cannot handle a heavy rain, the standard subdivision
design uses the streets to carry excess runoff. If the flows exceed the streets' capacity, adjacent
properties will flood. Therefore, the third approach to protecting from stormwater flooding is to
make sure new buildings are elevated one or two feet above the street or above adjacent grade.
5.6.1 Local Implementation
The County's surface water management standards, within the Land Development Ordinance, set
requirements for managing runoff from new developments. The standards require the storage and
controlled release or retention on -site and infiltration into the ground of excess stormwater runoff
from any commercial, industrial, and residential developments such that runoff from the site and
peak attenuation rates will not be greater post - development than they were prior to development.
The procedure for disposing of excess stormwater runoff varies depending on the Hydrologic
Soil Classification of the soils within the proposed development. For pervious soils (types A and
B), the required overall stormwater management strategy is on -site retention and infiltration into
the ground. For impervious soils (types C and D) or high ground water table areas (types A/D,
B/D and C /D) the required overall stormwater management system is providing detention basins
to attenuate the peak from the contributory drainage area and to settle solids washed off or
eroded.
The Land Development Ordinance also encourages the use of natural vegetative cover in
controlling erosion. The ordinance provides for two overlay districts that protect the Wekiva
River and the Econlockhatchee River by requiring design standards that establish high quality
development that is rural, maintains existing vegetation, protects wetlands, and minimizes
disturbance to certain species and their habitats. Within the Wekiva River zoning overlay,
development activity and the placement or depositing of fill is prohibited within wetlands and the
100 -year floodplain. Within the Econlockhatchee zoning overlay, native plants must be used and
removal of vegetation minimized in landscaping to the greatest extent practical and peak
discharge rates for stormwater BMPs shall not exceed the pre - development rate for the mean
annual storm event (24 hour, 2.3 year return period) and the 25 -year storm. In some parts of the
Econlockhatchee zoning overlay, development is prohibited within 550 feet of the stream's edge
of channels of the Big Econlockhatchee River and the Little Econlockhatchee River except for
the creation of wetlands and passive recreational uses.
5.6.2 CRS Credit
CRS credit is provided for both higher regulatory standards in the floodplain and stormwater
management standards for new developments. Credit is based on how those standards exceed the
minimum NFIP requirements.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 56
5 Preventive Measures
The County's Surface Water Management Ordinance has the following provisions that would be
recognized by the CRS (in addition to provisions discussed in previous sections):
• Standards for retention and detention basis
• Requirements for erosion and sedimentation control,
The County should receive at least 156 points for these provisions.
5.7 Conclusions
1. Installation of new mobile homes appears to be adequately administered to ensure proper tie
downs and flood protection.
2. The majority of the comprehensive and land use plans address floodplains and the need to
preserve these hazardous areas from intensive development. However, most zoning
ordinances do not designate floodprone areas for any special type of land use.
3. Standards in subdivision regulations for public facilities should account for the hazards
present at the site. New building sites, streets, and water systems should facilitate access and
use by fire and emergency equipment.
4. A percentage of the county's floodplain is open space in public ownership. Because some of
the floodplain is still undeveloped and not preserved as open space preventive measures can
have a great impact on future flood damages. There are more opportunities to preserve more
open space, especially when new developments are proposed.
5. The County's floodplain development and stormwater management regulations exceed
minimum national and state standards, for the most part, and will be helpful in preventing
flood problems from increasing.
5.8 Recommendations
1. The County planning and engineering staff should develop example subdivision ordinance
language that requires new infrastructure to have hazard mitigation provisions, such as:
a. Buried utility lines and
b. Storm shelters in new mobile home parks.
2. The County should use every opportunity to preserve floodplain areas as open space or other
uses compatible with the flooding hazard.
3. The County should continue to enforce its existing regulations for development and mobile
homes and consider other higher standards to further protect the residents of Seminole
County.
5.9 References
1. CRS Coordinator's Manual, FEMA, 2007.
2. Design and Construction Guidance for Community Shelters, FEMA, 2000.
3. Manufactured Home Installation in Flood Hazard Areas, FEMA, 1985.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 57
5 Preventive Measures
4. Multi- Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment, FEMA, 1997.
5. Seminole County Code of Ordinances and Land Development Code, Seminole County.
6. Subdivision Design in Flood Hazard Areas, American Planning Association and FEMA,
PAS Report 473, 1997.
7. State of Florida Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance for Non - Coastal Communities with
RegulatoryFloodways, Model Ordinance, 2009.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 58
6 Property Protection Measures
6 Property Protection Measures
Property protection measures are used to modify buildings or properly subject to damage.
Property protection measures fall under three approaches:
• Modify the site to keep the hazard from reaching the building,
• Modify the building so it can withstand the impacts of the hazard, and
• Insure the property to provide financial relief after the damage occurs.
Property protection measures are normally implemented by the property owner, although in
many cases technical and financial assistance can be provided by a government agency. These
are discussed later in this chapter.
6.1 Keeping the Hazard Away
Generally, natural hazards do not damage vacant areas. As noted earlier, the major impact of
hazards is to people and improved property. hi some cases, properties can be modified so the
hazard does not reach the damage -prone improvements. For example, a berm can be built to
prevent floodwaters from reach a house.
6.1.1 Flooding
There are five common methods to keep a flood from reaching and damaging a building:
1. Erect a barrier between the building and the source of the flooding.
2. Move the building out of the floodprone area.
3. Elevate the building above the flood level.
4. Demolish the building.
5. Replace the building with a new one that is elevated above the flood level.
6.1.2 Barriers
A flood protection barrier can be built
of dirt or soil (a "berm ") or concrete
or steel (a "floodwall "). Careful
design is needed so as not to create
flooding or drainage problems on
neighboring properties. Depending on
how porous the ground is, if
floodwaters will stay up for more than
an hour or two, the design needs to
account for leaks, seepage of water
underneath, and rainwater that will fall
inside the perimeter. This is usually
Figure 27: Flood Protection Barrier
Somp and pump handle
underseegage and
internal drainage
B emr��
Small barriers can be effective against shallow flooding.
done with a sump or drain to collect the internal groundwater and surface water and a pump and
pipe to pump the internal drainage over the barrier.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 59
Barriers can only be built so high. They can be overtopped
by a flood higher than expected. Barriers made of earth
are susceptible to erosion from rain and floodwaters if not
properly sloped, covered with grass, and properly
maintained. A berm can also settle over time, lowering its
protection level. A floodwall can crack, weaken, and lose
its watertight seal. Therefore, barriers need careful design
and maintenance (and insurance on the building, in case of
failure).
6.1.3 Relocation
Moving a building to higher ground is the surest and safest
way to protect it from flooding. While almost any building
can be moved, the cost increases for heavier structures,
such as those with exterior brick and stone walls, and for
large or irregularly shaped buildings. However,
experienced building movers can handle any job.
In areas subject to flash flooding, deep waters, or other
high hazard, relocation is often the only safe approach.
Relocation is also preferred for large lots that include
buildable areas outside the floodplain or where the owner
has a new flood -free lot (or portion of the existing lot)
available.
6.1.4 Building Elevation
6 Property Protection Measures
Small, wood frame buildings are
the easiest to relocate
Source_ Kennedy House Movers, Huntsville, AL
Raising a building above the flood level can be almost as effective as moving it out of the
floodplain. Water flows under the building, causing
little or no damage to the structure or its contents..,,,,
Raising a building above the flood level is cheaper
than moving it and can be less disruptive to a
neighborhood. Elevation has proven to be an
acceptable and reasonable means of complying with
floodplain regulations that require new, substantially
improved, and substantially damaged buildings to be
elevated above the base flood elevation.
One concern with elevation is that it may expose the
structure to greater impacts from other hazards. If not braced and anchored properly, an elevated
building may have less resistance to the shaking of an earthquake and the pressures of high
winds.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 60
6 Property Protection Measures
6.1.5 Demolition
Some buildings, especially heavily damaged or repetitively flooded ones, are not worth the
expense to protect them from future damages. It is cheaper to demolish them and either replace
them with new, flood protected structures ( "pilot reconstruction'), or relocate the occupants to a
safer site. Demolition is also appropriate for buildings that are difficult to move — such as larger,
slab foundation or masonry structures — and for dilapidated structures that are not worth
protecting. Generally, demolition projects are undertaken by a government agency, so the cost is
not borne by the property owner, and the
land is converted to public open space use,
like a park.
One problem that sometimes results from an
acquisition and demolition project is a
"checkerboard" pattern in which
nonadjacent properties are acquired. This
can occur when some owners, especially
those who have and prefer a waterfront
location, are reluctant to leave their homes.
Creating such an acquisition pattern in a
community simply adds to the maintenance
costs that taxpayers must support.
6.1.6 Pilot Reconstruction
If a building is not in good shape, elevating it may not be worthwhile or it may even be
dangerous. An alternative is to demolish the structure and build a new one on the site that meets
or exceeds all flood and wind protection codes. This was formerly known as "demo /rebuild."
FEMA funding programs refer to this approach as "pilot reconstruction." It is still a pilot
program, and not a regularly funded option.
Certain rules must be followed to qualify for federal funds for pilot reconstruction:
• Pilot reconstruction is only possible after it has been shown that acquisition or elevation
are not feasible, based on the program's criteria.
• Funds are only available to people who owned the property at the time of the event for
which funding is authorized.
• It must be demonstrated that the benefits exceed the costs.
• The new building must be elevated to the advisory base flood elevation.
• The new building must not exceed more than 10% of the old building's square footage.
• The new building must meet all flood and wind protection codes.
• There must be a deed restriction that states the owner will buy and keep a flood insurance
policy.
• The maximum federal grant is 75% of the cost, up to $150,000. FEMA is developing a
detailed list of eligible costs to ensure that disaster funds are not used to upgrade homes.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 61
6 Property Protection Measures
6.1.7 Local Implementation
Seminole County has had experience with acquisition, demolition, or elevation to protect
buildings from flooding. The County has received grants from FEMA to manage these programs.
The County is currently in the process of removing structures from the floodplain.
6.1.8 CRS Credit
The CRS provides the most credit points for acquisition and relocation, because this measure
permanently removes insurable buildings from the floodplain. Under Activity 520 — Acquisition
and relocation, Seminole County could receive up to 100 points for Option 2.
The CRS credits barriers and elevating existing buildings (Activity 530 — Flood Protection).
Elevating a building above the flood level will also reduce the flood insurance premiums on that
individual building. A CRS score of up to 84 points is possible. Because barriers are less secure
than elevation, not as many points are provided.
Higher scores are possible, but they are based on the number of buildings removed compared to
the number remaining in the floodplain.
6.2 Retrofitting
An alternative to keeping the hazard away from a building is to modify or retrofit the site or
building to minimize or prevent damage. There are a variety of techniques to do this, as
described below.
6.2.1 Dry Floodproofing
Dry floodproofing entails making all areas below the flood protection level watertight. Walls are
coated with waterproofing compounds or plastic sheeting. Openings, such as doors, windows and
vents, are closed, either permanently, with removable shields, or with sandbags. Dry
floodproofing of new and existing
nonresidential buildings in the
regulatory floodplain is permitted
under state, FEMA and local
regulations. Dry floodproofing of
existing residential buildings in the
floodplain is also permitted as long as
the building is not substantially
damaged or being substantially
improved. Owners of buildings
located outside the regulatory
floodplain can always use dry
floodproofing techniques.
Figure 28: Dry Foodproofing
M"IMM P� NY LIG]PG 111 LIIWNG MMMARO)
® ® ®, I_I 1E Ej
o{ FOR
0KNINM
EVREVENT, ENTERNALW n= DR
[SEW €R ANA WAIN MGKLI CVaERMIp kAaERVIOII §t0
Fi.00Gwa -+Fr?
Dry fioodproofed house
Dry floodproofing is only effective for shallow flooding, such as repetitive drainage problems. It
does not protect from the deep flooding along lakes and larger rivers caused by hurricanes or
other storms.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 62
6 Property Protection Measures
6.2.2 Wet Floodproofing
The alternative to dry floodproofing is wet floodproofing: water is let in and everything that
could be damaged by a flood is removed or elevated above the flood level. Structural
components below the flood level are replaced with materials that are not subject to water
damage. This is the approach used for the first floor of the elevated homes described in the
previous section.
For example, concrete block walls are used instead of wooden studs and gypsum wallboard. The
furnace, water heater and laundry facilities are permanently relocated to a higher floor. Where
the flooding is not deep, these appliances can be raised on blocks or platforms. This practice is
not generally used in central and southern Florida where most structures are slab on grade.
6.2.3 Local Implementation
It is likely that some properties in Seminole County have been retrofitted to protect them from
flooding. However, because these projects are often so small, they generally do not require a
building permit and there are no records of them.
6.2.4 CRS Credit
Credit for dry and wet floodproofing is provided under Activity 530 — Retrofitting. Because
these property protection measures are less secure than barriers and elevation, not as many points
are provided.
6.3 Insurance
Technically, insurance does not mitigate
damage caused by a natural hazard. However, it
does help the owner repair, rebuild, and
hopefully afford to incorporate some of the
other property protection measures in the
process. Insurance offers the advantage of
protecting the property, as long as the policy is
in force, without human intervention for the
measure to work.
6.3.1 Private Property
Although most homeowner's insurance policies
do not cover a property for flood damage, an
owner can insure a building for damage by
surface flooding through the NFIP. Flood
insurance coverage is provided for buildings and
their contents damaged by a "general condition
of surface flooding" in the area.
Figure 29: Example Flood Insurance
Premiums
Buildin Exposure
Premium
In the Special Flood Hazard Area (AE Zone)
$1,689
Pre -FIRM "subsidized' rate
Post -FIRM (actuarial) rates
2 feet above the base flood elevation
$440
1 foot above the base flood elevation
$643
At the base flood elevation
$1,167
1 foot belowthe base flood elevation
$4,379
Outside the Special Flood Hazard Area
$1,029
Prerriums are for $150,000 in building coverage and
$75,000 in contents coverage for a one -story house wth
no basement and a $500 deductible, using the October
2008 Flood Insurance Manual. Prerriums include the 5%
Community Rating System discount. Premiums are higher
for local governments that do not participate in the CRS.
Most people purchase flood insurance because it is required by the bank when they get a
mortgage or home improvement loan. Usually these policies just cover the building's structure
and not the contents. Renters can buy contents coverage, even if the owner does not buy
structural coverage on the building.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 63
6 Property Protection Measures
6.3.2 Public Property
Governments can purchase commercial insurance policies. Larger local governments often self -
insure and absorb the cost of damage to one facility, but if many properties are exposed to
damage, self - insurance can drain the government's budget. Communities cannot expect federal
disaster assistance to make up the difference after a flood.
Under Section 406(d) of the Stafford Act:
"If an eligible insurable facility damaged by flooding is located in a [mapped floodplain]
... and the facility is not covered (or is underinsured) by flood insurance on the date of
such flooding, FEMA is required to reduce Federal disaster assistance by the maximum
amount of insurance proceeds that would have been received had the buildings and
contents been fully covered under a National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) standard
flood insurance policy. [Generally, the maximum amount of proceeds for a non-
residential property is $500,000.]
[Communities] Need to:
• Identify all insurable facilities, and the type and amount of coverage
(including deductibles and policy limits) for each. The anticipated insurance
proceeds will be deducted from the total eligible damages to the facilities.
• Identify all facilities that have previously received Federal disaster assistance
for which insurance was required. Determine if insurance has been
maintained. A failure to maintain the required insurance for the hazard that
caused the disaster will render ineligible for Public Assistance funding...
[Communities] must obtain and maintain insurance to cover [their] facility —
buildings, equipment, contents and vehicles —for the hazard that caused the
damage in order to receive Public Assistance funding. Such coverage must, at
a minimum, be in the amount of the eligible project costs. FEMA will not
provide assistance for that facility in future disasters if the requirement to
purchase insurance is not met. — FEMA Response and Recovery Directorate
Policy No. 95 80.3, August 23, 2000
In other words, the law expects public agencies to be fully insured as a condition of receiving
federal disaster assistance.
6.3.3 Local Implementation
Data on private insurance policies is not available. NFIP flood insurance is available in
Seminole County. As of September 30, 2010, there were 4,695 flood insurance policies in
Seminole County. These policies are shown in Table 15 on the next page and shown by
occupancy of building in Table 16.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 64
6 Property Protection Measures
Table 11: Flood Insurance Policies in Seminole County
Table 12: Flood Insurance Policies by Occupancy in Seminole County
Total
Group Flood
Insurance
Manufactured
Homes
Number of Policies
4262
0
43
Total Premiums
$2,148,872
$0
data unavailabl
Insurance in Force
$1,193,487,100
$0
data unavailabl
Number of Closed Paid Losses
200
0
6
$ Value of Closed Paid Losses
$3,885,609
$0
$78,4491
Table 12: Flood Insurance Policies by Occupancy in Seminole County
The number of flood insurance policies by FEMA flood zone is also available, as shown in
Tables Table 13: Flood Insurance Policies by Flood Zone and 18, below.
Table 13: Flood Insurance Policies by Flood Zone
Pre -Firm
I Post -Firm
Number of
Value of
Policies in
Force
Policies in
Insurance in
Insurance in
Force
Policies in
Force
Occupancy
A Zones
506
Closed Paid
Closed Paid
$470,025
Force
Force
V Zones
0
$01
0
$01
Losses
Losses
Single Family
3,987
$1,897,809
190
$3,667,535
2 -4 Family
41
$10,970
0
$0
All Other Residential
121
$54,251
0
$0
Non - Residential
113
$185,84
1
$218,074
Total
4,262
$2,148,872
200
$3,885,609
The number of flood insurance policies by FEMA flood zone is also available, as shown in
Tables Table 13: Flood Insurance Policies by Flood Zone and 18, below.
Table 13: Flood Insurance Policies by Flood Zone
Table 14: Number and Value of Losses by Flood Zone
Pre -Firm
I Post -Firm
I Total
Zone
Policies in
Force
Insurance in
Force
Policies in
Force
Insurance in
Force
Policies in
Force
Insurance in
Force
A Zones
506
$379,797
1,0051
$470,025
1,511
$849,822
V Zones
0
$01
0
$01
0
$0
X Zones
1 834
$285,6491
2,3491
$821,9461
3,1831
$1,107,595
Table 14: Number and Value of Losses by Flood Zone
6.3.4 CRS Credit
There is no credit for purchasing flood insurance, but the CRS does provide credit for local
public information programs that explain flood insurance to property owners. The CRS also
reduces the premiums for those people who do buy NFIP coverage.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 65
Pre -Firm
I Post -Firm
I Total
Zone
Number of Closed
Paid Losses
Value of Closed
Paid Losses
Number of Closed
Paid Losses
Value of Closed
Paid Losses
Number of Closed
Paid Losses
Value of Closed
Paid Losses
*Zones
i 57
$1,863,3461
70
$1,031,601
1271
$2,894,947
V Zones
1 0
$01
0
$01
0
$0
X Zones
1 42
$564,204
23
$171,974
65
$736,178
6.3.4 CRS Credit
There is no credit for purchasing flood insurance, but the CRS does provide credit for local
public information programs that explain flood insurance to property owners. The CRS also
reduces the premiums for those people who do buy NFIP coverage.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 65
6 Property Protection Measures
6.4 The Government's Role
Property protection measures are usually considered the responsibility of the property owner.
However, local governments should be involved in all strategies that can reduce flood losses,
especially acquisition and conversion of a site to public open space. There are various roles the
County or a municipality can play in encouraging and supporting implementation of these
measures.
6.4.1 Government Facilities
One of the first duties of a local government is to protect its own facilities. Fire stations, water
treatment plants and other critical facilities should be a high priority for retrofitting projects and
insurance coverage. Often public agencies discover after the disaster that their "all- hazard"
insurance policies do not cover the property for the type of damage incurred. Flood insurance is
even more important as a mitigation measure because of the Stafford Act provisions discussed
above.
6.4.2 Public Information
Providing basic information to property owners is the first step in supporting property protection
measures. Owners need general information on what can be done. They need to see examples,
preferably from nearby. Public information activities that can promote and support property
protection are covered in Chapter 9.
6.4.3 Financial Assistance
Communities can help owners by helping to pay for a retrofitting project. Financial assistance
can range from full funding of a project to helping residents find money from other programs.
Some communities assume responsibility for sewer backups, street flooding, and other problems
that arise from an inadequate public sewer or public drainage system. Less expensive community
programs include low interest loans, forgivable low interest loans and rebates. A forgivable loan
is one that does not need to be repaid if the owner does not sell the house for a specified period,
such as five years. These approaches don't fully fund the project, but they cost the community
less and they increase the owner's commitment to the flood protection project. Often, small
amounts of money act as a catalyst to pique the owner's interest to get a self - protection project
moving.
The more common outside funding sources are listed below. Unfortunately, the last three are
only available after a disaster, not before, when damage could be prevented. Following past
disaster declarations, FEMA and the Florida Division of Emergency Management have provided
advice on how to qualify and apply for these funds.
Pre - disaster funding sources:
• FEMA's Pre - Disaster Mitigation (PDM) grants (administered by the Florida Division of
Emergency Management)
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 66
• FEMA's Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA)
grants (administered by the Florida Division
of Emergency Management)
• Community Development Block Grants
(administered by the Florida Division of
Housing and Community Development)
• The Florida Department of Environmental
Protection
• Conservation organizations, although
generally these organizations prefer to
purchase vacant land in natural areas, not
properties with buildings on them.
Post - disaster funding sources:
• Insurance claims
6 Property Protection Measures
Property Protection Rebates
The Village of South Holland, Illinois
received national recognition for its
rebate program to help property owners
fund retrofitting projects that protect
against surface and subsurface
flooding. If a project is approved,
installed and inspected, the Village will
reimburse the owner 25% of the cost
up to $2,500. Over 450 floodproofing
and sewer backup protection projects
have been completed under this
program. Perhaps not surprisingly,
The NFIP's Increased Cost of Compliance (ICC). This provision increases a flood
insurance claim payment to help pay for a flood protection project required by code as a
condition to rebuild the flooded building. It can also be used to help pay the non - federal
cost -share of an elevation project.
Post - disaster funding sources, federal disaster declaration needed
FEMA's disaster assistance (for public properties). However, the amount of assistance
will be reduced by the amount of flood insurance that the public agency should be
carrying on the property. (administered by the Florida Division of Emergency
Management)
• Small Business Administration disaster loans (for non - governmental properties)
• FEMA's Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (administered by the Florida Division of
Emergency Management)
6.4.4 Acquisition Agent
The community can be the focal point in an acquisition project. Most funding programs require a
local public agency to sponsor the project. The local government could process the funding
application, work with the owners, and provide some, or all, of the local share. In some cases, the
local government would be the ultimate owner of the property, but in other cases another public
agency, such as Florida State Parks, could assume ownership and the attendant maintenance
responsibilities.
6.4.5 Mandates
Mandates are considered a last resort if information and incentives are insufficient to convince a
property owner to take protective actions. An example of a retrofitting mandate is the
requirement that communities have to disconnect downspouts from the sanitary sewer line.
There is a mandate for improvements or repairs made to a building in the mapped floodplain. If
the project equals or exceeds 50% of the value of the original building, it is considered a
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 67
6 Property Protection Measures
"substantial improvement." The building must then be elevated or otherwise brought up to
current flood protection codes.
Another possible mandate is to require less expensive hazard protection steps as a condition of a
building permit. For example, many communities require upgraded electrical service as a
condition of a home improvement project. If a person were to apply for a permit for electrical
work, the community could require that the service box be moved above the base flood elevation
or the installation of a separate ground fault interrupter circuits in the basement.
6.4.6 Local Implementation
As discussed in Chapter 1, there are many critical facilities, most of which are not subject to
flooding and have no requirement for protection from flooding.
There have most likely been some flood protection measures implemented by homeowners in the
County. In the past there has been one demolition/rebuild project and currently Seminole
County is in the process of acquiring structures through FEMA's Hazard Mitigation Grant
Program.
6.4.7 CRS Credit
Except for public information programs, the CRS does not provide credit for efforts to fund,
provide incentives, or mandate property protection measures. CRS credits are provided for the
actual projects after they are completed. However, to participate in CRS, a community must
certify that it has adequate flood insurance on all properties that have been required to be
insured. The minimum requirement is to insure those properties in the mapped floodplain that
have received federal aid, as specified by the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973.
6.5 Repetitive Loss Properties and Analysis
Chapter 2 explains the criteria for designation of the County's repetitive loss areas. These
properties deserve special attention because they are more prone to damage by natural hazards
than any other properties in the County. Further, protecting repetitive loss buildings is a priority
with FEMA and Florida Division of Emergency Management mitigation funding programs.
Flood insurance policies and paid amounts for repetitive loss properties in Seminole County are
shown in Table 19 on the next page.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 68
6 Property Protection Measures
Table 15: Flood Insurance for Repetitive Loss Properties
6.6 Conclusions
1. There are several ways to protect individual properties from damage by natural hazards. The
advantages and disadvantages of each should be examined for each situation.
2. Property owners can implement some property protection measures at little cost, especially
for sites in areas of low hazards (e.g., shallow flooding, sewer backup, and thunderstorms).
For other measures, such as relocation and elevation, the owners may need financial
assistance.
3. Only 9.4% of the buildings in the County's floodplains are covered by flood insurance.
4. Local government agencies can promote and support property protection measures through
several activities, ranging from public information to financial incentives to full funding.
5. It is unlikely that most government properties, including critical facilities, have any special
measures to protect them from flooding.
6. Property protection measures can protect the most damage -prone buildings in the County:
repetitive loss properties.
6.7 Recommendations
1. Public education materials should be developed to explain property protection measures that
can help owners reduce their exposure to damage by floods and the various types of
insurance that are available.
2. Because properties in floodplains will be damaged at some point, a special effort should be
made to provide information and advice to floodplain property owners. Special attention
should be given to repetitive loss and high hazard areas.
3. All property protection projects should be voluntary. Other than state and federally mandated
regulations, local incentives should be positive as much as possible, such as providing
financial assistance.
4. A standard checklist should be developed to evaluate a property's exposure to damage from
floods. It should include a review of insurance coverage and identify where more information
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 69
A Zones
V Zones
X Zones
Total
RL Buildings (total)
9
0
6
15
RL Buildings (insured)
5
0
5
10
RL Losses (total)
20
0
13
33
RL Losses insured
11
0
0
11
RL Payments total
$711,301.87
$0.00
$140,102.94
$851,404.81
Buildings
$666,441.90
$0.00
$115,490.42
$781,932.32
Contents
$44,859.97
$0.00
$24,612.52
$69,472.49
RL Payments (insured)
$211,529.05
$0.001
$128,390.10
$339,919.15
Buildings
$188,835.741
$0.001
$103,777.58
$292,613.32
Contents
$22,693.311
$0.001
$24,612.52
$47,305.83
6.6 Conclusions
1. There are several ways to protect individual properties from damage by natural hazards. The
advantages and disadvantages of each should be examined for each situation.
2. Property owners can implement some property protection measures at little cost, especially
for sites in areas of low hazards (e.g., shallow flooding, sewer backup, and thunderstorms).
For other measures, such as relocation and elevation, the owners may need financial
assistance.
3. Only 9.4% of the buildings in the County's floodplains are covered by flood insurance.
4. Local government agencies can promote and support property protection measures through
several activities, ranging from public information to financial incentives to full funding.
5. It is unlikely that most government properties, including critical facilities, have any special
measures to protect them from flooding.
6. Property protection measures can protect the most damage -prone buildings in the County:
repetitive loss properties.
6.7 Recommendations
1. Public education materials should be developed to explain property protection measures that
can help owners reduce their exposure to damage by floods and the various types of
insurance that are available.
2. Because properties in floodplains will be damaged at some point, a special effort should be
made to provide information and advice to floodplain property owners. Special attention
should be given to repetitive loss and high hazard areas.
3. All property protection projects should be voluntary. Other than state and federally mandated
regulations, local incentives should be positive as much as possible, such as providing
financial assistance.
4. A standard checklist should be developed to evaluate a property's exposure to damage from
floods. It should include a review of insurance coverage and identify where more information
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 69
6 Property Protection Measures
can be found on appropriate property protection measures. The checklist should be provided
to each agency participating in this planning process and made available to the public.
5. Seminole County should evaluate its own properties using the standard checklist. A priority
should be placed on determining critical facilities' vulnerability to damage and whether
public properties are adequately insured.
6. Seminole County should protect its own publicly owned facilities with appropriate mitigation
measures.
7. Seminole County should establish cost sharing programs, such as rebates, to encourage low
cost (under $10,000) property protection measures on private property, for example:
• Surface and subsurface drainage improvements,
• Berms and regrading for shallow surface flooding, and
• Relocating heating and air conditioning units above the base flood elevation.
8. The County should seek state and federal funding support for higher cost measures, such as
elevation, relocation and acquisition of high priority properties. High priority properties are:
• Those properties in repetitive loss areas.
• Critical facilities in the floodway or subject to flood depths of more than two feet.
6.8 References
1. Disaster Mitigation Guide for Business and Industry, Federal Emergency Management
Agency, FEMA -190, 1990.
2. Engineering Principles and Practices for Retrofitting Flood Prone Residential Buildings,
FEMA, FEMA-259,1995.
3. Flood Insurance Agent's Manual, FEMA, 2000.
4. Flood Proofing Techniques, Programs and References, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
National Flood Proofing Committee, 1991.
5. Homeowner's Guide to Retrofitting: Six Ways to Protect Your House from Flooding. FEMA,
FEMA-312,1998.
6. Local Flood Proofing Programs, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1994.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 70
7 Natural Resource Protection
7 Natural Resource Protection
Resource protection activities are generally aimed at preserving (or in some cases restoring)
natural areas. These activities enable the naturally beneficial functions of fields, floodplains,
wetlands, and other natural lands to operate more effectively. Natural and beneficial functions of
watersheds, floodplains and wetlands include:
• Reduction in runoff from rainwater and snow melt in pervious areas
• Infiltration that absorbs overland flood flow
• Removal and filtering of excess nutrients, pollutants and sediments
• Storage of floodwaters
• Absorption of flood energy and reduction in flood scour
• Water quality improvement
• Groundwater recharge
• Habitat for flora and fauna
• Recreational and aesthetic opportunities
As development occurs, many of the above benefits can be achieved through regulatory steps for
protecting natural areas or natural functions. The regulatory programs are discussed in Chapter 5
— Preventive Measures. This chapter covers the resource protection programs and standards that
can help mitigate the impact of natural hazards, while they improve the overall environment.
Seven areas are reviewed:
• Wetland protection
• Erosion and sedimentation control
• River restoration
• Best management practices
• Dumping regulations
• Urban forestry
• Farmland protection
7.1 Wetland Protection
Wetlands are often found in floodplains and depressional areas of a watershed. Many wetlands
receive and store floodwaters, thus slowing and reducing downstream flows. They also serve as
natural filter, which helps to improve water quality, and they provide habitat for many species of
fish, wildlife and plants.
Wetlands that are determined to be part of the waters of the United States are regulated by the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) under
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Before a "404" permit is issued, the plans are reviewed by
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 71
7 Natural Resource Protection
several agencies, including the Corps and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Each of these
agencies must sign off on individual permits.
There are also nationwide permits that allow small projects that meet certain criteria to proceed
without individual permits. Wetlands not included in the Corps' jurisdiction or that are addressed
by a nationwide permit may be regulated against by local authorities.
If a permit is issued by the Corps or the County, the impact of the development is typically
required to be mitigated. Wetland mitigation can include creation, restoration, enhancement or
preservation of wetlands elsewhere. Wetland mitigation is often accomplished within the
development site, however, mitigation is allowed off -site and sometimes in another watershed.
The appropriate type of mitigation is addressed in each permit.
Some developers and
government agencies
have accomplished the
required mitigation by
buying into a wetland
bank. Wetland banks
are large wetlands
created for the purpose
of mitigation. The
banks accept money to
reimburse the owner
for setting the land
aside from
development.
When a wetland is
mitigated at a separate
site there are
Wetlands in the Lake Jesup Wilderness Area in Seminole County, Florida
drawbacks to consider. First, it takes many years for a new wetland to approach the same quality
as an existing one. Second, a new wetland in a different location (especially if it is in a different
watershed) will not have the same flood damage reduction benefits as the original one did.
7.1.1 Local Implementation
Seminole County's Land Development Code includes a "Wetlands Overlay Zoning
Classification" in which all property containing a wetland of a half -acre or larger, any wetlands
with a direct hydrologic connection a half -acre or larger, and their adjacent areas are included.
The zoning classification strives to protect wetland functions by minimizing disruption of
wetlands by development activities, regulating development activities on wetlands according to
wetland significance, and providing for mitigation measures for wetlands development on a site -
specific basis. Wetlands less than a half -acre may not require such mitigation, unless they are
located in the Econlockhatchee River Basin Zone or the Wekiva River Protection Area. No loss
of wetlands is permitted in these areas.
Wetland and surface water impacts require a state permit from the Florida Department of
Environment Protection or, if the parcel is within the Wekiva River Protection Area, it is
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 72
7 Natural Resource Protection
permitted through the St. Johns River Water Management District. County permits are also
required.
In addition, Seminole County's Natural Lands Program preserves and manages natural areas
within Seminole County, including wetlands, to enhance or promote biodiversity, wildlife
corridors, water resources, and passive resource -based recreation. Since the program began in
1990, Seminole County has purchased over 6,600 acres of natural land.
The County's Comprehensive Plan adopts a policy to regulate wetlands to protect and sustain
their functions and values, and states that in conjunction with the Land Development Code, the
County "will evaluate the need to provide additional criteria which will allow for mitigation of
impacts to wetlands caused by the development actions." The Comprehensive Plan calls for the
establishment of a County -run comprehensive wetland mitigation program partly funded by fees
in lieu of performing mitigation.
7.1.2 CRS Credit
CRS focuses on activities that directly affect flood damage to insurable buildings. While there is
no credit for relying on the Corps of Engineers' 404 regulations, there is credit for preserving
open space in its natural condition or restored to a state approximating its natural condition. The
credit is based on the percentage of the floodplain that can be documented as wetlands protected
from development by ownership or local regulations.
7.2 Erosion and Sedimentation Control
Farmlands and construction sites typically contain large areas of bare exposed soil. Surface water
runoff can erode soil from these sites, sending sediment into downstream waterways. Erosion
also occurs along streambanks and shorelines as the volume and velocity of flow or wave action
destabilize and wash away the soil.
Sediment suspended in the water tends to settle out where flowing water slows down. This can
clog storm drains, drain tiles, culverts and ditches and reduce the water transport and storage
capacity of river and stream channels, lakes and wetlands. When channels are constricted and
Figure 30: Straw Bales flooding cannot deposit sediment in the bottomlands,
Stu kod and enlrenened
WOW hale
eindjng wiry Compacted wil
or twine la praWanl
I II l piping
Pihered rmxm ti �` ll `1 +` Sedlmem -laden
Wnatr
11 y y fi y
il. =111¶1
Straw bales catch sediment
even more sediment is left in the channels. The result is
either clogged streams or increased dredging costs.
Not only are the drainage channels less able to perform
their job, but the sediment in the water reduces light,
oxygen and water quality, and often carries chemicals,
heavy metals and other pollutants. Sediment has been
identified by the US EPA as the nation's number one
nonpoint source pollutant for aquatic life.
There are two principal strategies to address these
problems: minimize erosion and control sedimentation.
Techniques to minimize erosion include phased
construction, minimal land clearing, and stabilizing bare ground as soon as possible with
vegetation and other soil stabilizing practices.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 73
7 Natural Resource Protection
If erosion occurs, other measures are used to capture sediment before it leaves the site. Silt
fences, sediment traps and vegetated filter strips are commonly used to control sediment
transport. Runoff from the site can be slowed down by terraces, contour strip farming, no -till
farm practices, hay or straw bales, constructed wetlands, and impoundments (e.g., sediment
basins and farm ponds). Slowing surface water runoff on the way to a drainage channel increases
infiltration into the soil and reduces the volume of topsoil eroded from the site.
Erosion and sedimentation control regulations mandate that these types of practices be
incorporated into construction plans. They are usually oriented toward construction sites rather
than farms. The most common approach is to require applicants for permits to submit an erosion
and sediment control plan for the construction project. This allows the applicant to determine the
best practices for the site.
7.2.1 Local Implementation
Standards for erosion and sedimentation control during and following project construction are
included in the Seminole County Surface Water Management Ordinance. Erosion and sediment
control planning is encouraged. The Ordinance also places an emphasis on efforts that prevent
and reduce erosion rather than having to control sediments that are created due to construction.
7.2.2 CRS Credit
Seminole County's Surface Water Management Ordinance includes erosion and sedimentation
control provisions and should qualify for 45 points, the maximum credit available.
7.3 River Restoration
There is a growing movement that has several names, such as "stream conservation,"
"bioengineering," or "riparian corridor restoration." The objective of these approaches is to
return streams, streambanks and adjacent land to a more natural condition, including the natural
meanders. Another term is "ecological restoration," which restores native indigenous plants and
animals to an area
A key component of these efforts is to use appropriate native plantings along the banks that resist
erosion. This may involve retrofitting the shoreline with willow cuttings, wetland plants, or rolls
of landscape material covered with a natural fabric that decomposes after the banks are stabilized
with plant roots.
In all, restoring the right vegetation to a stream has the following advantages:
• Reduces the amount of sediment and pollutants entering the water
• Enhances aquatic habitat by cooling water temperature
• Provides food and shelter for both aquatic and terrestrial wildlife
• Can reduce flood damage by slowing the velocity of water
• Increases the beauty of the land and its property value
• Prevents property loss due to erosion
• Provides recreational opportunities, such as hunting, fishing and bird watching
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 74
7 Natural Resource Protection
• Reduces long -term maintenance costs
The last bullet deserves special attention. Studies have shown that after establishing the right
vegetation, long -term maintenance costs are lower than if the banks were concrete. The Natural
Resources Conservation Service estimates that over aten -year period, the combined costs of
installation and maintenance of a natural landscape may be one -fifth of the cost for conventional
landscape maintenance, e.g., mowing turf grass.
Figure 31: Aquatic and Ripairian Buffer Plant Zones
4.
Water Level
High --------
Mean --------
ICw .......
rrr r 15m i Unman- Managed Crass
gent 77 gJuw aged tme Tra_ &dlef
Sut}mse
erd Zone I shrub 74rte ?GJ ZJM0
aquatiic zone
zone
Zone
Aquatic and riparian buffer plant zones
Different types of plants are used in different buffer zones along a channel- Zone 1 plants
are normally submerged while zone 2 plants are inundated during much of the growing
season- Zone 3 plants are water tolerant, but are flooded only during high water- By using
the proper plants in each zone, they stabilize sireambanks, filter polluted runoff, and
provide habitat. Source: Banks and Buffers — A Guide to Selecting Native Plants for
Streambanks and Shorelines, Tennessee Valley Auihonty
7.3.1 Local Implementation
Seminole County has been active in pursuing and completing restoration projects. Volunteers
have contributed over 350 hours of time to restoring Spring Lake and helped to plant the Myrtle
Lake shoreline.
The Seminole County Lake Management Program offers restoration studies and other assistance
for unincorporated County lakes. Community participation is an integral component of the
program.
7.3.2 CRS Credit
The Community Rating System focuses on activities that directly affect flood damage to
insurable buildings. However, there are credits for preserving open space in its natural condition
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 75
7 Natural Resource Protection
or restored to a state approximating its natural condition. There are also credits for channel
setbacks, buffers and protecting shorelines.
7.4 Best Management Practices
Point source pollutants come from pipes such as the outfall of a municipal wastewater treatment
plant. They are regulated by the US EPA and the Florida Department of Environmental
Protection. Nonpoint source pollutants come from non - specific locations and are harder to
regulate. Examples of nonpoint source pollutants are lawn fertilizers, pesticides, other chemicals,
animal wastes, oils from street surfaces and industrial areas, and sediment from agriculture,
construction, mining and forestry. These pollutants are washed off the ground's surface by
stormwater and flushed into receiving storm sewers, ditches and streams.
The term "best management practices" (BMPs) refers to design, construction and maintenance
practices and criteria that minimize the impact of stormwater runoff rates and volumes, prevent
erosion, protect natural resources and capture nonpoint source pollutants (including sediment).
They can prevent increases in downstream flooding by attenuating runoff and enhancing
infiltration of stormwater. They also minimize water quality degradation, preserve beneficial
natural features onsite, maintain natural base flows, minimize habitat loss, and provide multiple
usages of drainage and storage facilities.
7.4.1 Local Implementation
BMPs have been incorporated throughout the Seminole County Surface Water Management
Ordinance. The County also has an NPDES Phase I permit and maintains compliance with all of
its requirements.
7.4.2 CRS Credit
Under Activity 450 — Stormwater Management, credit is given for both water quality and water
quantity. Water quality credit under activity is given to a community who implements best
management practices.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 76
Figure 32: BMPs and Stormwater
7 Natural Resource Protection
ti 4ft
Oil
�"- tClean�ers Garden #���!y�-
Filter
Strip
/
n r• c'-_1arl
a:ripd rue
ole.nls via ill l I II e,
A niro'
Pond
Of
4Uetland
W'a[ers
ur�rmas
L nB94Y
pianenge
9dii-
ro.- rura^
I
BMPs slow stormwater runoff and improve water quality.
Source. Living With Wetlands, R Handbook for Homeowners in Northeastern 111inors
7.5 Dumping Regulations
BMPs usually address pollutants that are liquids or are suspended in water that are washed into a
lake or stream. Dumping regulations address solid matter, such as shopping carts, appliances and
landscape waste that can be accidentally or intentionally thrown into channels or wetlands. Such
materials may not pollute the water, but they can obstruct even low flows and reduce the
channels' and wetlands' abilities to convey or clean stormwater.
Many cities have nuisance ordinances that prohibit dumping garbage or other "objectionable
waste" on public or private property. Waterway dumping regulations need to also apply to
"nonobjectionable" materials, such as grass clippings or tree branches, which can kill ground
cover or cause obstructions in channels. Regular inspections to catch violations should be
scheduled.
Many people do not realize the consequences of their actions. They may, for example, fill in the
ditch in their front yard without realizing that is needed to drain street runoff. They may not
understand how regrading their yard, filling a wetland, or discarding leaves or branches in a
watercourse can cause a problem to themselves and others. Therefore, a dumping enforcement
program should include public information materials that explain the reasons for the rules as well
as the penalties.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 77
7 Natural Resource Protection
7.5.1 Local Implementation
The Seminole County Code of Ordinances makes it unlawful for anyone to dispose of waste
except at a facility designated by the County. In addition, illicit discharges are also prohibited.
Illicit discharges are defined as any discharge to the County's municipal separate storm sewer
system or to waters of the United States that is not entirely composed of stormwater, unless
exempted pursuant to the County code. Exemptions include water line flushing, street cleaning,
landscape irrigation, air conditioning condensate and others.
7.5.2 CRS Credit
The CRS provides up to 30 points for enforcing and publicizing a regulation that prohibits
dumping in the drainage system. Seminole County should be eligible for this credit.
7.6 Farmland Protection
Farmland protection is quickly becoming an important piece of comprehensive planning and
zoning throughout the United States. The purpose of farmland protection is to provide
mechanisms for prime, unique, or important agricultural land to remain as such, and to be
protected from conversion to nonagricultural uses.
Frequently, farm owners sell their land to residential or commercial developers and the property
is converted to non - agricultural land uses. With development comes more buildings, roads and
other infrastructure. Urban sprawl occurs, which can create additional stormwater runoff and
emergency management difficulties.
Farms on the edge of cities are often appraised based on the price
they could be sold for to urban developers. This may drive
farmers to sell to developers because their marginal farm
operations cannot afford to be taxed as urban land. The Farmland
Protection Program in the United States Department of
Agriculture's 2002 Farm Bill (Part 519) allows for funds to go to
state, tribal, and local governments as well as nonprofit
organizations to help purchase easements on agricultural land to
Preserving floodplain farmland
prevents damage to buildings
protect against the development of the land. Eligible land
includes cropland, rangeland, grassland, pastureland, or forest land that is part of an agricultural
operation. Certain lands within historical or archaeological resources are also included.
The hazard mitigation benefits of farmland protection are similar to those of open space
preservation, as discussed in Chapter 5 — Preventive Measures:
• Farmland is preserved for future generations,
• Farmland in the floodplain keeps damageable structures out of harm's way,
• Farmland keeps more stormwater on site and lets less stormwater runoff downstream,
• Rural economic stability and development is sustained,
• Ecosystems are maintain, restored or enhanced, and
• The rural character and scenic beauty of the area is maintained.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 78
7 Natural Resource Protection
7.6.1 Local Implementation
The policies of the "Future Land Use" element of the County's Comprehensive Plan include
"Protection and preservation of the environment and farmlands." The "Conservation" element of
the plan also emphasizes the protection and preservation of farmlands. In addition, the East
Seminole County Scenic Corridor Overlay District Ordinance recognizes that "agricultural
activities in East Seminole County are an important historical, cultural and economic resource."
Limited development activities are allowable in this zone, such as agricultural uses and
commercial uses designated on the future land use map. Landscaping must be done using native
species.
7.6.2 CRS Credit
Credit is given for preserving open space in the floodplain, regardless of why it is being
preserved. Credit is also provided for density zoning of floodprone areas. Agricultural zones that
require minimum 10- or 20 -acre lots would qualify.
7.7 Conclusions
1. A hazard mitigation program can use resource protection programs to support protecting
areas and natural features that can mitigate the impacts of natural hazards.
2. The current regulations on wetland protection, erosion and sediment control, and best
management practices have effective standards.
3. There are excellent examples of wetland protection and river and shoreline restoration
projects managed by Seminole County that demonstrate the benefits of these measures.
4. The County's Code of Ordinances prohibits illicit discharges into waters of the state and into
the County's MS4.
5. Preserving farmland in the floodplain will prevent damage to homes, businesses, and other
development.
7.8 Recommendations
1. Seminole County should continue to enforce the wetland protection, erosion and sediment
control and BMP provisions of the Surface Water Management Ordinance.
2. The public and decision makers should be informed about the hazard mitigation benefits of
restoring rivers, wetlands and other natural areas. Restoration and protection techniques
should be explained.
3. Seminole County should publicize its illicit discharge rules more widely.
4. The public should be informed about the need to protect streams and wetlands from dumping
and inappropriate development along with the relevant codes and regulations.
7.9 References
1. Banks and Buffers —A Guide to Selecting Native Plants for Stream banks and Shorelines,
Tennessee Valley Authority, 1997.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 79
7 Natural Resource Protection
2. CRS Coordinator's Manual, Community Rating System, FEMA, 2002.
3. Stream Corridor Restoration Principles, Processes and Practices, Federal Interagency
Stream Restoration Working Group, 1998.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 80
8 Emergency Services Measures
8 Emergency Services Measures
Emergency services measures protect people during and after a disaster. A good emergency
management program addresses all hazards, and it involves all local government departments. At
the state level, emergency services programs are coordinated by the Florida Division of
Emergency Management. Seminole County emergency
services are coordinated through the Seminole County
Division of Emergency Management.
This chapter reviews emergency services measures
following a chronological order of responding to an
emergency. It starts with identifying an impending
problem (threat recognition) and continues through post -
disaster activities.
Seminole County Division of
Emergency Management Mission:
Provide a resilient emergency
management structure dedicated to
provide for the safety and welfare of
the public through the preservation of
life, health, property and the
environment.
8.1.1 Threat Recognition
The first step in responding to a flood, storm or other natural hazard is knowing when weather
conditions are such that an event could occur. With a proper and timely threat recognition
system, adequate warnings can be disseminated.
Tropical Storms and Hurricanes. The National Weather Service' National Hurricane Center in
Miami monitors all tropical storm and hurricane activity. It uses computer models to estimate
where the storm will make landfall, the predicted wind speeds, and the likely storm surge levels.
These predictions are updated periodically and disseminated to the media and through
emergency management channels.
The Hurricane Center runs the predicted storm through a computer model called SLOSH (Sea,
Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes). This provides information on how deep and how
far inland storm surges are expected to be.
Floods. A flood recognition system predicts the time and height of the flood crest. This can be
done by measuring rainfall, soil moisture, and stream flows upstream of the community and
calculating the subsequent flood levels.
On larger rivers, this measuring and calculating is performed by the National Weather Service, a
part of the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA). Support for NOAA's efforts is provided by cooperating partners from state and local
agencies.
Forecasts of expected river stages are made through the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service
(AHPS) of the National Weather Service. Flood threat predictions are disseminated on the
NOAA Weather Wire or NOAA Weather Radio. NOAA Weather Radio is considered by the
federal government as the official source for weather information.
On smaller rivers, locally established rainfall and river gauges are needed to establish a flood
threat recognition system. The National Weather Service may issue a "flash flood watch." This is
issued to indicate current or developing hydrologic conditions that are favorable for flash
flooding in and close to the watch area, but the occurrence is neither certain nor imminent. These
events are so localized and so rapid that a "flash flood warning" may not be issued, especially if
no remote threat recognition equipment is available. In the absence of a gauging system on small
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8 Emergency Services Measures
streams, the best threat recognition system is to have local personnel monitor rainfall and stream
conditions. While specific flood crests and times will not be predicted, this approach will provide
advance notice of potential local or flash flooding.
Severe Weather. The National Weather Service is the prime agency for detecting meteorological
threats, such as tornadoes, thunderstorms and winter storms. Severe weather warnings are
transmitted through NOAA's Weather Radio System. As with floods, federal agencies can only
look at the large scale, e.g., whether conditions are appropriate for the formation of a
thunderstorm. Local emergency managers can provide more site - specific and timely recognition
by sending out National Weather Service trained spotters to watch the skies when the Weather
Service issues a watch or a warning.
Severe snow storms can often be forecast days in advance of the expected event, which allows
time for warning and preparation. Though more difficult, the National Weather Service can also
forecast ice storms.
Dam Failure. A key part of a dam safety program is for the emergency management office to be
in touch with the operators of upstream dams. There should be periodic communication checks
and clear criteria for when a dam appears threatened and when the community should notify
downstream properties.
8.1.2 Local Implementation
The Seminole County Division of Emergency Management is responsible for performing
technical work to the development, implementation,
and management of countywide disaster response,
recovery, mitigation, risk reduction, prevention, and
preparedness for the County. The Division provides
countywide planning, training and exercise programs
in order to be prepared for natural, technological, or
man -made emergencies.
Severe Weather: Seminole County recognizes
impending thunderstorms through radar and reports
from the National Weather Service.
Floods: The National Weather Service monitors five
stream gages in Seminole County. It issues periodic
updates of current river levels. For the gages it
monitors, the National Weather Service can issue a
specific prediction of when and how high a river will
crest. Forecasts for the St. Johns River near Sanford
are issued as needed during times of high water, but
are not routinely available. River gauge information
is disseminated on the NOAA Weather Wire and is
available to the public at
www.srh.noaa.gov /lix/html/rvs.shtml.
On larger streams, the United States Geological
Survey (USGS) operates stream and rain gages in
cooperation with Seminole County and the St. Johns
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan
USGS Stream Gages in Seminole County
Little Econlockhatchee River near Oviedo
St. Johns River above Lark Harney near
Geneva (2 gages)
St. Johns River at Osceola
Howell Creek near Altamonte Springs
Howell Creek near Slavia
Howell Creek near Oviedo
Soldier Creek near Longwood
Gee Creek near Longwood
Lake Jesup Outlet near Sanford
St. Johns River at Highway 415 near Sanford
St. Johns River near Sanford
Little Wekiva River near Altamonte Springs
Wekiva River near Sanford
Seminole 125 Well at Longwood
Lake Sylvan Park near Paola
8 Emergency Services Measures
River Water Management District. The USGS provides stream stage and stream flow
information for the 18 sites listed in the box above. Real -time stream gauge readings for these
sites can be accessed on the Internet at http : / /waterdata.usgs.gov /fl/nwis /rt. This site provides the
current stream conditions.
The National Weather Service is able to issue a specific prediction of when and how high a river
will crest.
Dam Failure. There are no dams in Seminole County, and dam failure is not considered a likely
threat.
8.1.3 CRS Credit.
Credit can be received for using National Hurricane Center warnings and river flood stage
predictions for the National Weather Service's gages. The actual score is based on how much of
the community's floodplain is affected by these systems. A total of 40 points is possible under
Activity 610 — Flood Warning Program.
8.2 Warning
After the threat recognition system tells the emergency management office that a flood, tornado,
thunderstorm, hurricane or other hazard is coming, the next step is to notify the public and staff
of other agencies and critical facilities. The earlier and the more specific the warning, the greater
the number of people that can implement protection measures.
The National Weather Service issues notices to the public using two levels of notification:
Watch: conditions are right for flooding, thunderstorms, tornadoes or winter storms.
Warning: a flood, tornado, etc., has started or been observed.
A more specific warning may be disseminated to the public by the community in a variety of
ways. The following are the more common methods:
• Commercial or public radio or TV stations
• The Weather Channel
• Cable TV emergency news inserts
• Telephone trees /mass telephone notification
• NOAA Weather Radio
• Tone activated receivers in key facilities
• Outdoor warning sirens
• Sirens on public safety vehicles
• Door -to -door contact
• Mobile public address systems
• Email notifications
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8 Emergency Services Measures
Multiple or redundant systems are most effective — if people do not hear one warning, they may
still get the message from another part of the system. Each has advantages and disadvantages:
Radio and television provide a lot of
information, but people have to know when to
turn them on. They are most appropriate for
hazards that that develop over more than a
day, such as atropical storm, hurricane, or
winter storm.
• NOAA Weather Radio can provide short
messages of any impending weather hazard or
emergency and advise people to turn on their
televisions for more information, but not
everyone has a Weather Radio.
Outdoor warning sirens can reach many
people quickly as long as they are outdoors.
They do not reach people in tightly - insulated
buildings or those around loud noise, such as
at a factory, during a thunderstorm, or in air
conditioned homes. They do not explain what
hazard is coming, but people should know to
turn on a radio or television when they hear
the siren.
NOAA Weather Radios
NOAA Weather Radio is a nationwide
network of radio stations that broadcasts
warnings, watches, forecasts and other
hazard information 24 hours a day. For
Seminole County, information comes from
transmitters in Melbourne, Florida.
NOAA weather radios can be very effective
for notifying people, businesses, schools,
care facilities, etc. of weather threats. They
have a monitoring feature that issues an
alarm when activated by the Weather
Service.
To program a new weather radio, the FIPS
code for Seminole County is 012117. The
channels that broadcast information for
Seminole County are 162.4 Mhz (Channel 1)
and 162.475 Mhz (Channel 4). You can also
listen online, by visiting
http://vvww.srh.noaa.gov/mlb/?n=nwr#maps.
Automated telephone notification services are also fast, but can be expensive and do not
work when phone lines are down. Nor do they work for unlisted numbers, call screening
services, or cellular service, unless people sign up for notifications.
Where a threat has a longer lead time, going door -to -door and manual telephone trees can
be effective.
Just as important as issuing a warning is telling people what to do in case of an emergency. A
warning program should have a public information aspect. Citizens should know the difference
between a tornado warning (when they should seek shelter in a low spot), a flood warning (when
they should stay out of low areas), and other appropriate warnings and responses.
8.2.1 StormReady
The National Weather Service established the StormReady
program to help local governments improve the timeliness
and effectiveness of hazardous weather related warnings for
the public.
To be officially StormReady, a community must:
ormReadv
• Establish a 24 -hour warning point and emergency operations center,
Have more than one way to receive severe weather warnings and forecasts and to alert
the public,
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 84
8 Emergency Services Measures
• Create a system that monitors weather conditions locally,
• Promote the importance of public readiness through community seminars, and
• Develop a formal hazardous weather plan, which includes training severe weather
spotters and holding emergency exercises.
Being designated a StormReady community by the National Weather Service is a good measure
of a community's emergency warning program for weather hazards. It is also credited by the
CRS.
8.2.2 Local Implementation
The Division coordinates emergency warning and notifications through a multimodal approach
including, but not limited to, NOAA weather radios, Civil Emergency Messages, Emergency
Broadcast System, Emergency Alert System, electronic text/media notification, cable interrupt,
and reverse calling systems. The Division also funds a reverse answering system to notify
citizens of threats prior to a disaster. These warnings are sent via telephone to groups using GIS
mapping or to the entire County.
Alert Seminole is a way for Seminole County residents to sign up for emergency notifications
from the Seminole County Emergency Management Agency. Notifications can be sent to a cell
phone, pager, or email address.
Officials with the National Weather Service in Melbourne, Florida awarded Seminole County the
designation of "StormReady." This nationwide program assesses the capability of a community
to receive and disseminate severe weather information. The designation is only granted to those
communities that have established a high degree of readiness for natural disasters such as
hurricanes, tornadoes and floods.
8.2.3 CRS Credit
Community Rating System points are based on the number and types of warning media that can
reach the community's floodprone population. Depending on the location, communities can
receive up to 25 points for the telephone calling system and more points if there are additional
measures, like telephone trees. Being designated as a StormReady community can provide 25
additional points. These credits are in Activity 610 — Flood Warning Program.
8.3 Response
The protection of life and property is the most important task of emergency responders.
Concurrent with threat recognition and issuing warnings, a community should respond with
actions that can prevent or reduce damage and injuries. Typical actions and responding parties
include the following:
• Activating the emergency operations center (emergency preparedness),
• Closing streets or bridges (sheriff or public works),
• Shutting off power to threatened areas (utility company),
• Passing out sand and sandbags (public works),
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 85
8 Emergency Services Measures
• Holding children at school /releasing children from school (school superintendent),
• Opening evacuation shelters (the American Red Cross),
• Monitoring water levels (engineering), and
• Establishing security and other protection measures (police /sheriff).
An emergency action plan ensures that all bases are covered and that the response activities are
appropriate for the expected threat. These plans are developed in coordination with the agencies
or offices that are given the various responsibilities.
Planning is best done with adequate data One of the best tools is a map that shows which areas
would be affected under different conditions. Even though Seminole County is not a coastal
County, it may be beneficial to consider developing a map which directs residents to evacuate
based on the different hurricane categories.
A flood stage forecast map shows areas that will be under water at various flood stages. Different
flood levels are shown as color coded areas, so the emergency manager can quickly see what will
be affected. Emergency management staff can identify the number of properties flooded, which
roads will be under water, which critical facilities will be affected, who to warn, etc. With this
information, an advance plan can be prepared that shows problem sites and determines what
resources will be needed to respond to the predicted flood level.
Emergency response plans should be updated annually to keep contact names and telephone
numbers current and to ensure that supplies and equipment that will be needed are still available.
They should be critiqued and revised after disasters and exercises to take advantage of the
lessons learned and of changing conditions. The end result is a coordinated effort implemented
by people who have experience working together so that available resources will be used in the
most efficient manner possible.
8.3.1 Local Implementation
The Seminole County Emergency Operations Center (EOC) is the central command and
coordination point for disaster preparedness, training, response and recovery efforts for the
County. The purpose of the EOC is to provide a centralized and specialized location to
communicate, organize and manage natural or manmade disasters and make strategic decisions
necessary to protect the residents and property of Seminole County.
The EOC is staffed with personnel and equipment necessary to properly manage significant
events. The 3,525 square foot main room has two attached breakout rooms for amateur radio
operations and Seminole Government Television (SGTV) communication. In addition, there are
multiple EOC support rooms.
Seminole County's EOC is organized using the National Incident Management System (NIMS)
guidelines, and is separated into Command and General Staff, 18 Emergency Support Functions
(ESF), and the Municipal Branch. Each ESF, municipality, utility provider, and the Orlando -
Sanford International Airport provide staffing to improve communication and coordination
during emergencies.
To ensure all of the available information is transmitted into the EOC, the main room is equipped
with state of the art, computerized audio- visual equipment, GIS mapping software, interoperable
communications, traffic monitoring, satellite technology for redundant communications, and
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 86
8 Emergency Services Measures
video cameras for live EOC streaming during activations. The room is also equipped with
computer software that tracks emergency management resources.
The integration of these data and communications systems provides an essential on -site decision -
making platform plus an excellent training room. In the event of a large -scale disaster, the EOC
is equipped with two backup generators, potable water, shower facilities, and dormitories.
8.3.2 CRS Credit
Up to 255 points of credit is available for a fully credited flood warning system. Credit is based
on a variety of factors and is cumulative, which includes the previous credits mentioned.
8.4 Evacuation and Shelter
In an area subject to the tremendous forces that accompany hurricanes, evacuation is a prime life
safety concern. Given the one to two days of lead time provided by the National Hurricane
Center, evacuation on a large scale is a realistic lifesaving task. In other situations, such as a
tornado, it is safer to keep people where they are rather than expose them to danger from an
event that gives little warning.
According to Emergency Management: Principles and Practice, "The principle of evacuation is
to move citizens from a place of relative danger to a place
of relative safety, via a route that does not pose significant
danger." There are six key ingredients to a successful
evacuation:
• Adequate warning
• Adequate routes
• Proper timing to ensure the routes are clear
• Traffic control
• Knowledgeable travelers
WOW
_ OWL
i rY
Adequate routes and traffic control are two
key ingredients for an evacuation
Source: FEMA
• Care for special populations (e.g., handicapped, prisoners, hospital patients, and
schoolchildren)
Those who cannot get out of harm's way need shelter. For tropical storms, a stick -built house
(not a mobile home) often suffices, but for hurricanes, something sturdier is required. That is
why schools so often serve as shelters during a storm as well as a place for those who have lost
their homes after the storm.
Typically, the American Red Cross will staff a shelter and ensure that there is adequate food,
bedding, and wash facilities. Shelter management is a specialized skill. Managers must deal with
problems like scared children, families that want to bring their pets in, and the potential for an
overcrowded facility.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 87
8 Emergency Services Measures
8.4.1 Local Implementation
Evacuation routes for Seminole County are shown in the map below.
Figure 33: Seminole County Evacuation Routes
/ A nMyfe S
4225
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Seminole /
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Evacuation Routes
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8.4.2 CRS Credit
Because it is primarily concerned with protecting insurable buildings, the CRS does not provide
any special credit for evacuation or sheltering of people. It is assumed that the emergency
response plan would include all necessary actions in response to a flood.
8.5 Post - Disaster Recovery and Mitigation
After a disaster, communities should undertake activities to protect public health and safety and
facilitate recovery. Appropriate measures include:
• Patrolling evacuated areas to prevent looting,
• Providing safe drinking water,
• Monitoring for diseases,
• Vaccinating residents for tetanus and other diseases,
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 88
8 Emergency Services Measures
• Clearing streets, and
• Cleaning up debris and garbage.
Throughout the recovery phase, everyone wants to get "back to normal." The problem is that
"normal" means the way they were before the disaster, exposed to repeated damage from future
disasters. There should be an effort to help prepare people and property for the next disaster.
Such an effort would include:
• Public information activities to advise residents about mitigation measures they can
incorporate into their reconstruction work,
• Evaluating damaged public facilities to identify mitigation measures that can be included
during repairs,
• Identifying other mitigation measures that can lessen the impact of the next disaster,
• Acquiring substantially or repeatedly damaged properties from willing sellers,
• Planning for long -term mitigation activities, and
• Applying for post - disaster mitigation funds.
8.5.1 Regulating Reconstruction
Requiring permits for building repairs and conducting
inspections are vital activities to ensure that damaged
structures are safe for people to reenter and repair. There is a
special requirement to do this in floodplains, regardless of
the type of disaster or the cause of damage. The NFIP
requires that local officials enforce the substantial damage
regulations. These rules require that if the cost to repair a
building in the mapped floodplain equals or exceeds 50% of
the building's market value, the building must be retrofitted
to meet the standards of a new building in the floodplain. In
most cases, this means that a substantially damaged building
must be elevated above the base flood elevation.
This requirement can be very difficult for understaffed and overworked offices following a
disaster. However, if these activities are not carried out properly, not only does the community
miss a tremendous opportunity to redevelop or clear out a hazardous area, it may be violating its
obligations under the NFIP. The sanctions for failure to properly enforce the floodplain
reconstruction regulations are spelled out in Chapter 5 — Preventive Measures. In some areas,
mutual aid agreements have been established so building inspectors from a community not
affected by the disaster can work in the communities that were hit the hardest.
8.5.2 Local Implementation
The County's Floodplain Management Ordinance includes the NFIP requirements for
determining if a building is substantially damaged. The County's practice is to wait until
reconstruction applicants come to the County to request a permit. Repairs that are cosmetic only
(for example, replacing flooring, cabinets and painting) do not need permits.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 89
8 Emergency Services Measures
There are no special public information activities to tell people to apply for a permit. Residents
interested in a mitigation project funded by the NFIP's Increased Cost of Compliance do apply
and request a substantial damage determination.
These practices could permit many substantially damaged properties to be repaired without
inspection. The result could jeopardize the County's standing in the NFIP. These practices also
mean that the County misses opportunities to inform disaster victims about property protection
measures that they can incorporate during repairs.
8.5.3 CRS Credit
Seminole County should formally establish post - disaster mitigation polices outlined in this Plan
in the section above.
8.6 Conclusions
1. There are several threat recognitions systems that can provide the County with advance
notice of an impending emergency.
2. Additional stream and river gauges can help protect more residents in the County.
3. The County depends on telephones and the media to warn residents. These media should
reach most people who need to know of a threat.
4. The Seminole County Emergency Operations Plan contains general guidance on responding
to many different kinds of hazards. There are additional documents, such as annexes and
checklists that provide specific guidance for responding to individual natural hazards. Such
guidance could be very helpful when things happen quickly and for hazards that have
predictable impacts, such as tropical storms and flooding.
5. The plans and guidance documents on post - disaster inspections and capitalizing on post -
disaster mitigation opportunities are lacking. In fact, current procedures do not adequately
ensure that the County's obligations to the NFIP will be met. They also mean that the County
could miss opportunities to advise people on property protection measures they can
implement during repairs and reconstruction.
8.7 Recommendations
1. The Seminole County Emergency Operations Plan should be reviewed in detail to determine
where improvements can be made and how to maximize credit under CRS. The Plan should
then be submitted for credit under CRS, and CRS will provide a critique of the plan to show
what further improvements are needed.
2. The County should consider all possible local, state and federal funding options for
installation of additional stream and river gauges to provide a higher level of protection to its
residents.
3. The County should ensure that all steps are being taken to alleviate traffic jams during an
evacuation of the county.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 90
8 Emergency Services Measures
4. The County's emergency preparedness, public information, and permits staffs should work
together to develop post - disaster procedures for public information, reconstruction regulation
and mitigation project identification.
8.8 References
1. CRS Coordinator's Manual, FEMA, 2007.
2. CRS Credit for Flood Warning Programs, FEMA, 2006.
3. Emergency Management: Principles and Practice for Local Government, International
City /County Management Association, 1991.
4. Flood Fight Operations, FEMA, 1995.
5. Guide for All - Hazard Emergency Operations Planning, FEMA SLG -101, 1996.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 91
9 Structural Project Measures
9 Structural Project Measures
Flood control projects have traditionally been used by communities to control or manage
floodwaters. They are also known as "structural" projects that keep flood waters away from an
area as opposed to "non - structural" projects, like retrofitting, that do not rely on structures to
control flows.
9.1 Flood Control Measures
Four general types of flood control projects are reviewed here: levees, reservoirs, diversions, and
dredging. These projects have three advantages not provided by other mitigation measures:
• They can stop most flooding, protecting streets and landscaping in addition to buildings,
• Many projects can be built without disrupting citizens' homes and businesses, and
• They are constructed and maintained by a government agency, a more dependable long-
term management arrangement than depending on many individual private property
owners.
However, as shown below, structural measures also have shortcomings. The appropriateness of
using flood control depends on individual project area circumstances.
Pros and Cons of Structural Flood Control Projects
Advantages Disadvantages
They may provide the greatest amount of
protection for land area used.
Because of land limitations, they may be the
only practical solution in some
circumstances.
They can incorporate other benefits into
structural project design, such as water
supply and recreational uses.
Regional detention may be more cost -
efficient and effective than requiring
numerous small detention basins.
9.1.1 Levees and Floodwalls
They can disturb the land and disrupt the
natural water flows, often destroying
wildlife habitat.
They require regular maintenance, which if
neglected can have disastrous consequences.
They are built to a certain flood protection
level that can be exceeded by larger floods,
causing extensive damage.
They can create afalse sense of security, as
people protected by a project often believe
no flood can ever reach them.
Although it may be unintended, in many
circumstances they promote more intensive
land use and development in the floodplain.
Probably the best known flood control measure is a barrier of earth (levee) or concrete
(floodwall) erected between the watercourse and the property to be protected. Levees and
floodwalls confine water to the stream channel by raising its banks. They must be well designed
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 92
9 Structural Project Measures
to account for large floods, underground seepage, pumping of internal drainage, and erosion and
scour. Key considerations when evaluating the use of a levee include:
• Design and permitting costs,
• Right of way acquisition,
• Removal of fill to compensate for the floodwater storage that will be displaced by the
levee,
• Internal drainage of surface flows from the area inside the levee,
• Cost of construction,
• Cost of maintenance,
• Mitigation of adverse impacts to wetlands and other habitats,
• Loss of river access and views, and
• Creating a false sense of security, because while levees may reduce flood damage for
smaller more frequent rain events, they may also overtop or breach in extreme flood
events and subsequently create more flood
damage than would have occurred without the
levee.
Levees placed along the river or stream edge degrade
the aquatic habitat and water quality of the stream.
They also are more likely to push floodwater onto
other properties upstream or downstream. To reduce
environmental impacts and provide multiple use
benefits, a setback levee is the best project design.
The area inside a setback levee can provide open
space for recreational purposes and provide access
sites to the river or stream.
The failure of the New Orleans levee
system during Hurricane Katrina made it
harder to get support for new levees.
Floodwalls perform like levees except they are
vertical -sided structures that require less surface area for construction. Floodwalls are
constructed of steel sheet pile or reinforced concrete, which makes the expense of installation
cost prohibitive in many circumstances. Floodwalls also degrade adjacent habitat and can
displace erosive energy to unprotected areas of shoreline downstream.
Seawalls are barriers or retaining walls that are built facing a large lake, ocean or the Gulf of
Mexico. They are intended to protect the land from erosion by wave action. However, they often
have an adverse impact on the shore and on neighboring properties and the movement of sand.
The natural forces that transport sand and replenish beaches are disrupted by the wall, often
increasing shoreline erosion on adjacent properties. Therefore, they are not encouraged and are
even prohibited in many areas.
9.1.2 Reservoirs and Detention
Reservoirs reduce flooding by temporarily storing flood waters behind dams or in storage or
detention basins. Reservoirs lower flood heights by holding back, or detaining, runoff before it
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9 Structural Project Measures
can flow downstream. Flood waters are detained until the flood has subsided, then the water in
the reservoir or detention basin is released or pumped out slowly at a rate that the river can
accommodate downstream.
Reservoirs can be dry and remain idle until a large
rain event occurs. Or they may be designed so that
a lake or pond is created. The lake may provide
recreational benefits or water supply (which could
also help mitigate a drought).
Flood control reservoirs are most commonly built
for one of two purposes. Large reservoirs are
constructed to protect property from existing flood
problems. Smaller reservoirs, or detention basins,
are built to protect property from the stormwater
runoff impacts of new development.
Regardless of size, reservoirs protect the
development that is downstream from the reservoir
site. Unlike levees and channel modifications, they
Retention pond
do not have to be built close to or disrupt the area to be protected. Reservoirs are most efficient
in deeper valleys where there is more room to store water, or on smaller rivers where there is less
water to be stored.
In urban areas, some reservoirs are simply manmade holes, excavated to store floodwaters.
Reservoirs in urban areas are typically constructed adjacent to streams (though usually outside of
the floodplain). When built in the ground, there is no dam for these retention and detention
basins and no dam failure hazard. Wet or dry basins can also serve multiple uses by doubling as
parks or other open space uses.
There are several considerations when evaluating use of reservoirs and detention:
• There is the threat of flooding the protected area should the reservoir's dam fail,
• There is a constant expense for management and maintenance of the facility,
• They may fail to prevent floods that exceed their design levels,
• Sediment deposition may occur and reduce the storage capacity over time,
• They can impact water quality as they are known to affect temperature, dissolved oxygen
and nitrogen, and nutrient levels, and
• If not designed correctly, in- stream reservoirs may cause backwater flooding problems
upstream.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 94
9 Structural Project Measures
9.1.3 Diversion
A diversion is a new channel that sends floodwaters to a different location, thereby reducing
flooding along an existing watercourse. Diversions can be surface channels, overflow weirs, or
tunnels. During normal flows, the water stays in the old channel. During floods, the floodwaters
spill over to the diversion channel or tunnel, which carries the excess water to a receiving lake or
river.
Diversions are limited by topography; they will not
work in some areas. Unless the receiving water body is
relatively close to the floodprone stream and the land
in between is low and vacant, the cost of creating a
diversion can be prohibitive.
9.1.4 Dredging
Dredging is often viewed as a form of conveyance
improvement. However, it has the following problems:
• Given the large volume of water that comes
downstream during a flood, removing a foot or
two from the bottom of the channel will have
little effect on flood heights.
• Dredging is often cost prohibitive because the
dredged material must be disposed of
somewhere.
• Unless in- stream or tributary erosion are
corrected upstream, the dredged areas usually
fill back in within a few years, and the process
and the expense have to be repeated.
• If the channel has not been disturbed for many
years, dredging will destroy the habitat that has
developed.
To protect the natural values of the stream, federal law requires a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
permit before dredging can proceed. This can be a lengthy process that requires a lot of advance
planning and many safeguards to protect habitats, which adds to the cost of the project.
9.1.5 Channelization
Channelization has traditionally been the common method for dealing with local drainage or
flooding problems. Channelization involves straightening, deepening and /or widening a stream
or river channel. With this approach, there are several concerns to keep in mind:
• Channelized streams can create or worsen flood problems downstream as larger amounts
of water are transported at a faster rate.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 95
• Channelized streams rise and fall faster. During dry
periods the water level in the channel is lower than it
should be which creates water quality problems and
degrades habitat.
• Channelized waterways tend to be unstable and
experience more erosion. The need for periodic
reconstruction and silt removal becomes cyclic, which
makes channel maintenance very expensive.
On the other hand, properly sloped and planted channels are
more aesthetically and environmentally appealing and can be
cheaper to maintain.
9.1.6 CRS Credit
9 Structural Project Measures
Structural flood control projects that provide 100 -year flood protection and that result in
revisions to the Flood Insurance Rate Map are not credited by the CRS in order to avoid
duplicating the larger premium reduction provided by removing properties from the mapped
floodplain.
The CRS credits smaller flood control projects that meet the following criteria:
• They must provide protection to at least the 25 -year flood,
• They must meet certain environmental protection criteria,
• They must meet federal, state and local regulations, such as the Corps of Engineers' 404
permit and Florida dam safety rules, and
• They must meet certain maintenance requirements.
These criteria ensure that credited projects are well - planned and permitted. Any of the measures
reviewed in this section would be recognized under Activity 530 — Flood Protection, although it
would be very hard to qualify a dredging project. Credit points are based on the type of project,
how many buildings are protected, and the level of flood protection provided.
9.1.7 Local Implementation
The County has initiated a study on the Mullet Lake Road Stormwater Improvement Project to
help provide a solution to stormwater and localized flooding in the St. Johns and Lake Harney
Basins. This project in eastern Seminole County involves a drainage area of approximately
2,890 acres or 4.5 square miles. Residents within the Mullet Lake Park Road Basin experience
both yard and structure flooding during greater than average rainfall events. The study defined
the primary cause of flooding to be an inadequate conveyance system and accumulation of runoff
from upstream areas which overload the current system. The study was completed in 2006 but
construction of the project has yet to be completed.
9.2 Conclusions
1. Continue to require onsite retention and detention facilities to manage runoff from sites to
avoid overloading drainage systems. There is a benefit to ensuring that post - development
runoff does not exceed pre - development conditions.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 96
9 Structural Project Measures
2. Consider the benefits of regional upper watershed retention and detention to help mitigate the
amount of conveyance of downstream flows.
3. Levees and floodwalls don't appear to be practical solutions for the County as the areas in
need of protection would require these structures to be located on private property. The
constant maintenance of these facilities can be quite expensive.
4. Improvement to channels should be considered in terms of the immediate benefit for
increased conveyance and the long -term cost of maintaining them.
5. The Mullet Lake Park Road Stormwater Improvement Project should be given a higher
priority for implementation to reduce flooding and help avoid future repetitive loss
properties.
9.3 Recommendations
1. The County should continue to require developers to provide on -site detention and retention
to lessen the runoff from developed sites.
2. The County should consider the benefits of upper watershed regional detention as away to
reduce downstream flow. This approach could be combined with the preservation of open
space of sensitive lands.
3. The County should encourage one approach of the Mullet Lake Park Road Stormwater
Improvement Project for implementation to avoid future repetitive loss properties.
9.4 References
1. CRS Coordinator's Manual, FEMA, 2007.
2. CRS Credit for Drainage System Maintenance, FEMA, 2006.
3. Kane County, IL Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan, January, 2009
4. Mullet Lake Park Road Stormwater Improvement Project, Inwood Consulting Engineers,
2006
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 97
10 Public Information Measures
10 Public Information Measures
A successful hazard mitigation program involves both the public and private sectors. Public
information activities advise property owners, renters, and businesses about hazards and ways to
protect people and property from these hazards. These activities can motivate people to take the
steps necessary to protect themselves and others.
Information can bring about voluntary mitigation activities at little or no cost to the government.
Property owners mitigated their flooding problems long before government funding programs
existed. The typical approach to delivering information involves two levels of activity. The first
is to broadcast a short and simple version of the message to everyone potentially affected. The
second level provides more detailed information to those who respond and want to learn more.
This chapter starts with activities that reach out to people and tell them to be advised of the
hazards and some of the things they can do. It then covers additional sources of information for
those who want to learn more. It ends with an overall public information strategy.
10.1 Outreach
Outreach projects are the first step in the process of orienting property owners to the hazards they
face and the concept of property protection. They are designed to encourage people to see out
more information in order to take steps to protect themselves and their properties.
Research has shown that outreach projects work. However, awareness of the hazard is not
enough; people need to be told what they can do about the hazard, so projects should include
information on safety, health and property protection measures. Research has also shown that a
properly run local information program is more effective than national advertising or publicity
campaigns. Therefore, outreach projects should be locally designed and tailored to meet local
conditions.
Community newsletters /direct mailings: The most effective types of outreach projects are
mailed or distributed to everyone in the community. In the case of floods, they can be sent only
to floodplain property owners.
News media: Local newspapers can be strong allies in efforts to inform the public. Press releases
and story ideas may be all that's needed to whet their interest. After a flood in another
community, people and the media become interested in their flood hazard and how to protect
themselves and their property. Local radio stations and cable TV channels can also help. These
media offer interview formats and cable TV may be willing to broadcast videos on the hazards.
Other approaches: Examples of other outreach projects include:
• Presentations at meetings of neighborhood, civic or business groups,
• Displays in public buildings or shopping malls,
• Signs in parks, along trails and on waterfronts that explain the natural features (such as
the river) and their relation to the hazards (such as floods),
• Brochures available in municipal buildings and libraries, and
• Special meetings, workshops and seminars.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 98
10.1.1 Local Implementation
There are several types of outreach projects
implemented in Seminole County. The County's
website features a page describing flood facts and
flood safety measures. The County also distributes a
brochure titled "Flood Safety and Awareness" to all
property owners in the County. There is also a
hurricane and storm information page on the
County's website, which contains emergency
information when a storm is threatening the area. In
addition, news releases are posted to the County's
website, which contain safety information related to
natural hazards when appropriate. The County holds
a Hurricane Expo to disseminate information about
hurricane safety and give residents hurricane safety
kits, including a guide to hurricane safety, a
flashlight, and a DVD about hurricane safety. The
County also advertises safety information on local
billboards.
Finally, various brochures are available in the
10 Public Information Measures
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Floodplain Residents
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community at various departments such as in the
Building Division to provide residents with flood safety and property protection advice.
10.1.2 CRS Credit
The Community Rating System provides up to 380 points for projects on flood topics. One
hundred of these points are for having a public information program strategy. This plan qualifies
for the strategy credit.
10.2 Real Estate Disclosure
Many times after a flood or other natural disaster, people say they would have taken steps to
protect themselves if they had known they had purchased a property exposed to a hazard. There
are some federal and state requirements about such disclosures, but they have their limits.
Federal law: Federally regulated lending institutions must advise applicants for a mortgage or
other loan that is to be secured by an insurable building whether the property is in a floodplain as
shown on the Flood Insurance Rate Map. If so, flood insurance is required for buildings located
within the floodplain if the mortgage or loan is federally insured. However, because this
requirement has to be met only 10 days before closing, the applicant is often already committed
to purchasing the property when he or she first learns of the flood hazard.
State law: State laws set standards for real estate sales and licensing of agents and brokers. In
addition, Florida has a natural hazards disclosure law, which requires the seller of real estate to
give the buyer a document outlining whether the property is in an area prone to flooding,
hurricanes or tornadoes. The shortcoming of such a law is that because of the sporadic nature of
flooding, a property owner may legitimately not be aware of past or potential flooding problems.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 99
10 Public Information Measures
10.2.1 Local Implementation
The County has one additional law related to natural hazard disclosure. The final plat for
development plans must include the limits of the floodplain, indicating the flood elevation for the
100 -year flood. This only provides information for developments that have been platted since
the requirement went into effect and then only if the title search sees it and advises the buyer.
The multiple listing service does not include a listing of whether a property is in a flood zone or
wetland. Disclosure practices are left up to the individual broker or agent.
10.2.2 CRS Credit
Communities in Florida should be eligible for five points under the "Other disclosure
requirements" for the state law requiring sellers to notify the buyer of natural hazards. Seminole
County is eligible for 5 points for including the limits of the floodplain on all final plats.
10.3 Libraries and Websites
The two previous activities tell people that they are exposed to a hazard. The next step is to
provide information to those who want to know more. The community library and local websites
are obvious places for residents to seek information on hazards, hazard protection, and protecting
natural resources.
Books and pamphlets on hazard mitigation can be given to libraries, and many of these can be
obtained for free from state and federal agencies. Libraries also have their own public
information campaigns with displays, lectures and other projects, which can augment the
activities of the local government. Today, websites are commonly used as research tools. They
provide fast access to a wealth of public and private sites for information. Through links to other
websites, there is almost no limit to the amount of up to date information that can be accessed on
the Internet.
In addition to online floodplain maps, websites can link to information for homeowners on how
to retrofit for tornadoes and floods or a website about floods for children. The "FEMA for Kids"
website teaches children how to protect their home and what to have in a family disaster kit.
10.3.1 Local Implementation
A search of the Seminole County Library catalog on December 14, 2010 showed that the library
has 38 publications about floods and 64 publications about hurricanes. The documents about
floods represent a broad range of topics, from flood proofing construction guidance to a review
of flood policies to a guide to reading flood maps.
The County's website, www.seminolecountyfl.gov, is kept updated with information on the
County's activities, including the mitigation planning process. FEMA's floodplain maps for the
County are available athttp:// www. seminolecountyfl .gov /gm/building/flood /firm.asp.
10.3.2 CRS Credit
The Community Rating System provides up to 30 points for having a variety of flood references
in the local public library and up to 36 more for similar material on municipal websites (Activity
350 — Flood Protection Information).
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 100
10 Public Information Measures
10.4 Technical Assistance
10.4.1 Hazard Information
Many benefits stem from providing map information to inquirers. Residents and business owners
that are aware of the potential hazards can take steps to avoid problems or reduce their exposure
to flooding. Real estate agents and house hunters can find out if a property is floodprone and
whether flood insurance may be required.
Communities can easily provide map information from FEMA's Flood Insurance Rate Maps
(FIRMS) and Flood Insurance Studies. They may also assist residents in submitting requests for
map amendments and revisions when they are needed to show that a building is located outside
the mapped floodplain.
Some communities supplement what is shown on the FIRM with information on additional
hazards, flooding outside mapped areas and zoning. When the map information is provided,
community staff can explain insurance, property protection measures and mitigation options that
are available to property owners. They should also remind inquirers that being outside the
mapped floodplain is no guarantee that a property will never get wet.
10.4.2 Property Protection Assistance
While general information provided by outreach projects or the library is beneficial, most
property owners do not feel ready to retrofit their buildings without more specific guidance.
Local building department staffs are experts in construction. They can provide free advice, not
necessarily to design a protection measure, but to steer the owner onto the right track.
Building or public works department staffs can provide the following types of assistance
• Visit properties and offer protection suggestions,
• Recommend or identify qualified or licensed contractors,
• Inspect homes for anchoring of roofing and the home to the foundation,
• Provide advice on protecting windows and garage doors from high winds, and
• Explain when building permits are needed for home improvements.
There is a concern that a local official might provide the wrong information and the community
would be sued if a project failed. To counter this, there are guidelines for local programs and
training on how to identify the right measures. FEMA conducts a free week -long course at
Emergency Management Institute on property protection measures for flooding. FEMA and the
Corps of Engineers periodically conduct one- or two -day retrofitting workshops.
10.4.3 Local Implementation
FEMA floodplain maps are available on the County's website, as described above. The Building
Division will also provide maps to anyone who requests them.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 101
10 Public Information Measures
10.4.4 CRS Credit
The Community Rating System provides 140 points for providing map information to inquirers.
Up to 71 points are available for providing one -on -one flood protection assistance to residents
and businesses and for making site visits. Both services must be publicized.
10.5 Public Information Program Strategy
A public information program strategy is a document that receives CRS credit. It is a review of
local conditions, local public information needs, and a recommended plan of activities. A
strategy consists of the following parts, which are incorporated into this plan:
• The local flood hazard (discussed in Chapter 3 of this plan)
• The property protection measures appropriate for the flood hazard (discussed in Chapter
6)
• Flood safety measures appropriate for the local situation (flood safety measures are
discussed on page 110 and hurricane safety is discussed in the phonebook and other
publications)
• The public information activities currently being implemented within the community,
including those being carried out by non - government agencies (discussed above in
sections 10.1 and 10.4)
• Goals for the community's public information program (discussed in Chapter 4)
• The outreach projects that will be done each year to reach the goals (discussed in the
Recommendations section of this chapter and in Chapter 11)
• The process that will be followed to monitor and evaluate the projects (discussed in
Chapter 11)
10.5.1 Public Information Topics
At its 2015, meeting series, the FMPC reviewed the various public information activities
currently underway with the goals of this Floodplain Management Plan in mind. The members of
the FMPC discussed improving the current County website to make it easier for residents to find
the information they need, using social media such as Facebook and Twitter to convey
information, and using faith -based organizations and homeowners' associations to help spread
information to as many residents as possible.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 102
10 Public Information Measures
Flood Safety
Pay attention to evacuation orders. Listen to local radio or TV stations for forecasts and emergency
warnings. Know about evacuation routes and nearby shelters and have plans for all family members on how
to evacuate and where to meet if you're split up during an emergency.
Do not drive through a flooded area. During a flood, more people drown in their cars than anywhere else.
Don't drive around road barriers, the road or bridge may be washed out.
Do not walk through flowing water. Flash flooding is the leading cause of weather- related deaths in the
U.S. Currents can be deceptive, 6 inches of moving water can knock you off your feet in a strong current. If
you walk in standing water, use a stick to help you locate the ground.
Stay away from powerlines and electrical wires. Electrical currents can travel through water. Report
downed power lines to the police or sheriff by calling 911.
Have the power company turn off your electricity. Some appliances, like TV sets, keep electrical charges
even after they've been unplugged. Don't use appliances or motors that have gotten wet unless they have
been taken apart, cleaned and dried.
Look before you step. After a flood, the ground and floors are covered with debris like broken bottles and
nails. Floors and stairs that are covered with mud can also be slippery.
Be alert forgas leaks. Use a flashlight to inspect damage. Don't smoke or use candles, lanterns, or open
flames unless you knowthe gas has been shut off and the area has been ventilated.
Look out for animals that may have been flooded out of their homes and who may seek shelter in yours.
Use a pole or stick to turn things over and scare away small animals.
Carbon monoxide exhaust kills. Use a generator or other gasoline - powered machine outdoors. The same
goes for camping stoves. Charcoal fumes are especially deadly — cook with charcoal outdoors.
Clean everything that got wet in the flood. Floodwaters have picked up sewage and chemicals from roads,
farms, factories, and storage buildings. Spoiled food, and flooded cosmetics and medicines can be health
hazards. When in doubt, throw it out.
Take care of yourself. Recovering from a flood is a big job. It is tough on both the body and the spirit and the
effects a disaster has on you and your family may last a long time.
10.5.2 CRS Credit
The CRS provides 100 points for a public information program strategy. A mass mailing to all
properties can earn up to 60 more points and can meet the publicity requirements to receive
credit for several other activities.
10.6 Conclusions
1. There are many ways that public information can be used so that people and businesses will
be more aware of the hazards they face and how they can protect themselves.
2. Many of the public information activities can be implemented by community staff. By
formalizing its activities, a community can earn nearly 500 points under the Community
Rating System.
3. Outreach projects, libraries, websites and the Hurricane Expo are currently being used as
public information tools in Seminole County.
4. The most important topics to cover in public information activities are:
• Safety precautions for all types of hazards, but especially storms, floods and fog.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 103
10 Public Information Measures
Evacuation is recognized as the most important safety precaution for tropical storms and
hurricanes.
• Flood protection measures, including rules for new construction and insurance.
• Keeping drainage ways clear and protection from local drainage problems.
• Family and emergency preparedness measures.
• What the County is doing and sources of assistance.
• Protecting water quality and wetlands and the benefits of open space.
The most appropriate ways to spread this information are:
• Websites and social media
• Mailings to everyone, in utility bills or otherwise
• News releases or newspaper articles
• Newsletters
• Displays, particularly at special events such as the Hurricane Expo
• Handouts, flyers and other materials, which can distributed at special events and
presentations
10.7 Recommendations
1. The County's website should be improved to make navigation to flood hazard and safety
information more intuitive.
2. The County should increase its presence on social media, such as Facebook and Twitter, to
maximize the number of people reached with flood hazard and safety information.
3. The County should continue to distribute brochures about hurricanes to those living in the
mapped floodplain.
4. The County should continue to hold Hurricane Expo and give away preparedness kits at the
event.
5. Staff should reach out to homeowners' associations and faith -based organizations to help
spread the word about flood hazards and safety measures.
6. The County's website should have a mitigation page.
7. The County should consider implementation of an outreach program strategy for credit under
the CRS.
10.8 References
1. Are You Ready? A Guide to Citizen Preparedness, FEMA, 2002.
2. CRS Coordinator's Manual, Community Rating System, FEMA, 2007.
3. CRS Credit for Outreach Projects, FEMA, 2006.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 104
10 Public Information Measures
4. "What is a Natural Hazard Disclosure ?" Retrieved December 14, 2010 from
http:// www. wisegeek. com/ what -is -a- natural- hazard - disclosure.htm.
11 Revisions and Maintenance
The FMP Plan will be housed in the in the Office of Emergency Management for
Seminole County. The LMS Working Group meets on a quarterly basis at a minimum, as
well as after times of natural disaster events, and any other time deemed appropriate by
the Working Group Chairperson, to update and revise the FMP. The criteria used to
evaluate the FMP document and activities should include, but not be limited to the
following:
• Federal and /or State Requirements
• Changes in development trends and land use that could affect infrastructure
• Storms or other natural events that have altered Seminole County's hazard areas
• Completion of existing mitigation projects and introduction of new goals
• Changes in policy, procedure or code
• Changes in building codes and practices
• Review of legislative actions that could affect funding of mitigation efforts
• Changes in Flood Insurance Rate Maps, National Flood Insurance Program, etc.
On an annual basis the Office of Emergency Management will generate a FMP progress
report that will evaluate the successes or areas of improvement for the FMP. The report
will be available to the public, as well as provided to all jurisdictional governing bodies.
This annual report also satisfies the CRS program requirements for an annual report for
the floodplain management plan. This will allow people to re- acquaint themselves with
the FMP document and the processes that it identifies, so any recommendations,
suggestions, and updates, can be properly reviewed and weighed for consistency with the
direction of the FMP Committee.
The plan is periodically reviewed and adopted by the participating jurisdictions'
governing bodies to ensure that the mitigation actions taken by their organizations are
consistent with each community's larger vision and goals, as well as their overall unique
needs and circumstances. The adoption process includes instructing the jurisdictions'
agencies and organizations to continue to refine, expand and implement the plan.
Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan 105
Seminole County
Floodplain Management
Planning Committee
May 4, 2015
9:30AM- 10:30AM
Seminole County EOC
150 Bush Blvd.
Sanford, FL 32773
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June 5, 2015
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150 Bush Blvd.
Sanford, FL 32773
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June 16, 2015
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150 Bush Blvd.
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Sold To:
Seminole County Public Safety - C000461893
150 Bush Blvd
Sanford, FL, 32773 -6706
Bill To:
Seminole County Public Safety- C000461893
150 Bush Blvd
Sanford, FL, 32773 -6706
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3481346
Orlando Sentinel'
Published Daily
ORANGE County, Florida
STATE OF FLORIDA
COUNTY OF SEMINOLE
Before the undersigned authority personally appeared Sheri
Schmitz / Adeliris DelValle / Brian Hall / Charity
Casas I Jean M. Gailie, who on oath says that he/ she is an
Advertising Representative of the ORLANDO SENTINEL, a
DAILY newspaper published in ORANGE County, Florida;
that the attached copy of advertisement, being a Legal Notice
in the matter of August 2e and 27 Ith @ 612M, in
SEMINOLE County Florida, was published in said newspaper
in the issues 08/09115.08116/15, 08/23/15
Affiant further says that the said ORLANDO SENTINEL is a
newspaper published in said ORANGE County, Florida, and
that the said newspaper has heretofore been continuously
published in said ORANGE County, Florida, each day and has
been entered as periodicals matter at the post office in
ORANGE County, Florida, for a period of one year next
preceding the first publication of the attached copy of
advertisement; and affiant further says that he or she has
neither paid nor promised any person, firm or corporation any
discount, rebate, commission or refund for the purpose of
securing this advertisement for publication in the said
newspaper.
Printed Name of AffiatW
Signature of Affiant
Sworn to and subscribed before me on this 25 day of
August, 2015 by above said affant, who is personally
known to me (X) or who has produced identification( ).
of Notary Pnblic-Typed, Printed or
DEBORAH M. TONEY II Ad No. 3481346
NOTARY PUEK C
STA'r OF FLORIDA
61Y C01.IMSSION A FF H5219
EXPIRES. Neven.ber'8. 2017 J
NOTICE OF PUBUCMEMNS
Seminole County's Office of Emergency
Management Jill be holding Public
meetings to discuss the
draft Floods lain Management Plan for
Seminole CountY and its Municipalities.
The meetings will be held:
Thursday, August 20th ® 6 p.m, at
the North Branch Library at 150 N.
Palmetto Ave, Sanford
Thursday, August 27th ® b P.m. of the
Jean Rhein Central Branch Library at
215 N. Oxford Rd,.Cosselberry
SEM141116
NOTICE FOR PUBLIC MEETING
DATE: Thursday, August 20th 2015
TIME: 6:00 P.M.
LOCATION: North Branch Library (150 N. Palmetto Ave. Sanford)
SUBJECT: Draft Floodplain Management Plan
Seminole County's Office of Emergency Management will solicit public input on the
Draft Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan.
PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES NEEDING ASSISTANCE TO PARTICIPATE IN ANY
OF THESE PROCEEDINGS SHOULD CONTACT THE HUMAN RESOURCES, ADA
COORDINATOR 48 HOURS IN ADVANCE OF THE MEETING AT 407 - 665 -7941.
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REGARDING THIS NOTICE, PLEASE CONTACT
THE COUNTY MANAGER'S OFFICE, AT 407 - 665 -7224. PERSONS ARE ADVISED
THAT, IF THEY DECIDE TO APPEAL DECISIONS MADE AT THESE MEETINGS /
HEARINGS, THEY WILL NEED A RECORD OF THE PROCEEDINGS AND FOR
SUCH PURPOSE, THEY MAY NEED TO INSURE THAT A VERBATIM RECORD OF
THE PROCEEDINGS IS MADE, WHICH INCLUDES THE TESTIMONY AND
EVIDENCE UPON WHICH THE APPEAL IS TO BE BASED, PER SECTION 286.0105,
FLORIDA STATUTES.
NOTICE FOR PUBLIC MEETING
DATE: Thursday, August 27th 2015
TIME: 6:00 P.M.
LOCATION: Jean Rhein Central Branch Library (215 N. Oxford Rd., Casselberry)
SUBJECT: Draft Floodplain Management Plan
Seminole County's Office of Emergency Management will solicit public input on the
Draft Seminole County Floodplain Management Plan.
PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES NEEDING ASSISTANCE TO PARTICIPATE IN ANY
OF THESE PROCEEDINGS SHOULD CONTACT THE HUMAN RESOURCES, ADA
COORDINATOR 48 HOURS IN ADVANCE OF THE MEETING AT 407 - 665 -7941.
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REGARDING THIS NOTICE, PLEASE CONTACT
THE COUNTY MANAGER'S OFFICE, AT 407 - 665 -7224. PERSONS ARE ADVISED
THAT, IF THEY DECIDE TO APPEAL DECISIONS MADE AT THESE MEETINGS /
HEARINGS, THEY WILL NEED A RECORD OF THE PROCEEDINGS AND FOR
SUCH PURPOSE, THEY MAY NEED TO INSURE THAT A VERBATIM RECORD OF
THE PROCEEDINGS IS MADE, WHICH INCLUDES THE TESTIMONY AND
EVIDENCE UPON WHICH THE APPEAL IS TO BE BASED, PER SECTION 286.0105,
FLORIDA STATUTES.
2015 -2020 Floodplain Management Plan
Public Comment Form
Name:
Address:
Comment:
If you would like to be contacted regarding your comment please leave an email address or phone
number on the next line.
Thank you for your participation 1
2015 -2020 Floodplain Management Plan
Public Comment Form
Name:
Address:
Comment:
If you would like to be contacted regarding your comment please leave an email address or phone
number on the next line.
Thank you for your participation 1
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SEMINOLE COUNTY FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT
MEETING MINUTES
SEMINOLE COUNTY NORTH BRANCH LIBRARY
150 N PALMETTO AVE, SANFORD FL 32771
THURSDAY, AUGUST 20, 2015 6:00 PM
L Call to Order:
• The meeting was called to order at 6:05 PM
IL Welcome / Introductions:
III. Attendance:
• Those in attendance were:
• Steven Lerner, LMS Secretary
• Shirley Exner, LMS President
• Domingo Elias, Resident
IV. Purpose:
• The meeting was held to promote the Floodplain Management Plan and educate citizens on what they
can do to protect their property.
V. Presentation:
• A PowerPoint presentation was given on the Floodplain Management Plan. Key issues, goals and
objectives, and action items were discussed.
• An overview of what the Community Rating System (CRS) is and how it works. Seminole County's
CRS rating and floodplain map with overview of what the colors on the map meant. And discounts to
residents who have flood insurance.
• Water bodies in the County posing serious flooding threats.
• There are 5 Goals in the Floodplain Management Plan and 19 Action Items with 5.2 being
emphasized as one of the most important.
VI. Goal / Action Items Discussed:
• Goal # 1: protect lives, health, and safety of the citizens in Seminole County.
• Action Item # 1:
Keeping the preservation of open spaces located in hazardous areas near natural areas and
agricultural lands are of concern. There's a heavy emphasis on Mitigation efforts to control
rainfall runoff. Annually a status update is posted on the Seminole County Development
Services Dept. website as part of the CRS requirement. All ordinances are reviewed specific
to flood hazard areas requiring new or improved provisions to the ordinance.
Goal #2: Promote EM and warning system to provide protection or citizens, visitors and business
in the County.
• Action item #2:
• Measures are in place to look at target areas that are a threat of flooding and regulations to
ensure measures are in place and enforced. The Office of Emergency Management pursues
state and federal funding to plan, educate the public, train and purchase equipment (i.e. river
gauges) in critical locations.
• Preservation of floodplain areas are encouraged to preserve and reduce potential damage to
structures.
Goal #3: Promote public education to encourage citizens to protect against flooding on private
property.
• Action item #3:
• The County provides education on protective measures to citizens for their private property
and encourages flood insurance when appropriate.
• Goal #4: protection of critical infrastructures from flooding.
• Action item #4: Critical infrastructures are assessed in the County to protect from flood
damage.
• Goal #5: Identify and Implement protective measures for flood damage.
• Action item #5:
The County keeps a checklist for evaluation of exposures to hazards. The checklist also
targets repetitive loss properties. Property owners should develop a checklist for their
property's exposure to flooding.
• Action item #6:
The County should evaluate and reward homeowners for doing mitigation on their property.
Possibly give permit credit or insurance credit to homeowners.
• Action item #7:
The County seeks state and federal funding to support elevation, relocation and acquisition of
properties with repetitive flooding.
• Action item #8:
The County should continue to enforce floodplain management in wetland areas for erosion
and sediment control.
• Action item #9:
County emergency plans are reviewed and updated annually for improvements to meet CRS
standards.
• Action item #10:
The County seeks funding for installation of river gauging stations in corporation with the
NWS, St. Johns River Water Management District and FEMA.
• Action item #11:
Emergency Management works closely with the State and East Central Florida Planning
Council for evacuation planning based on current and future population projections.
• Action item #12:
The County is working to formalize procedures to help citizens acquire permitting quicker
post disaster for temporary housing on their property.
• Action item #13.
Storm water management continues to work on inspection and maintenance of facilities for
outfall of rainwater to eliminate flooding.
• Action item #14:
Monitoring of higher evaluation areas with water flowing downstream and looking at
solutions to protect the properties.
• Action item #15:
Mullet Lake Park Road is on the County's Capital Improvement list due to repetitive
flooding.
• Action item #16:
An informational campaign for stakeholders on the benefits of restoring and protecting rivers
and wetlands should be done through websites, or neighboring meetings. These projects
should be prioritized by need.
• Action item #17:
Materials should be developed to educate citizens on protection measures for their property in
floodplain areas.
• Action item #18:
The County should maintain an outreach program to received credit under the CRS.
• Action item #19:
Critical infrastructures should be identified and measures taken to mitigate these buildings.
VII. Questions
No questions were asked, no comment forms were recieved
VIII. Adjourned:
• Meeting was adjourned at 7:10PM
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SEMINOLE COUNTY FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT
MEETING MINUTES
SEMINOLE COUNTY CENTRAL BRANCH LIBRARY
215 N. OXFORD Rd., CASSELBERRY FL 32707
THURSDAY, AUGUST 27, 2015 6:00 PM
L Call to Order:
• The meeting was called to order at 6:02 PM
IL Welcome / Introductions:
III. Attendance:
• Those in attendance were:
o Alan Harris, Office of Emergency Management
IV. Purpose:
• The meeting was held to promote the Floodplain Management Plan and educate citizens on what they
can do to protect their property.
V. Presentation:
• A PowerPoint presentation was given on the Floodplain Management Plan. Key issues, goals and
objectives, and action items were discussed.
• An overview of what the Community Rating System (CRS) is and how it works. Seminole County's
CRS rating and floodplain map with overview of what the colors on the map meant. And discounts to
residents who have flood insurance.
• Water bodies in the County posing serious flooding threats.
• There are 5 Goals in the Floodplain Management Plan and 19 Action Items with 5.2 being
emphasized as one of the most important.
VI. Goal / Action Items Discussed:
• Goal # 1: protect lives, health, and safety of the citizens in Seminole County.
• Action Item # 1:
Keeping the preservation of open spaces located in hazardous areas near natural areas and
agricultural lands are of concern. There's a heavy emphasis on Mitigation efforts to control
rainfall runoff. Annually a status update is posted on the Seminole County Development
Services Dept. website as part of the CRS requirement. All ordinances are reviewed specific
to flood hazard areas requiring new or improved provisions to the ordinance.
• Goal #2: Promote EM and warning system to provide protection or citizens, visitors and business
in the County.
• Action item #2:
• Measures are in place to look at target areas that are a threat of flooding and regulations to
ensure measures are in place and enforced. The Office of Emergency Management pursues
state and federal funding to plan, educate the public, train and purchase equipment (i.e. river
gauges) in critical locations.
• Preservation of floodplain areas are encouraged to preserve and reduce potential damage to
structures.
• Goal #3: Promote public education to encourage citizens to protect against flooding on private
property.
• Action item #3:
• The County provides education on protective measures to citizens for their private property
and encourages flood insurance when appropriate.
Goal #4: protection of critical infrastructures from flooding.
• Action item #4: Critical infrastructures are assessed in the County to protect from flood
damage.
• Goal #5: Identify and Implement protective measures for flood damage.
• Action item #5:
The County keeps a checklist for evaluation of exposures to hazards. The checklist also
targets repetitive loss properties. Property owners should develop a checklist for their
property's exposure to flooding.
• Action item #6:
The County should evaluate and reward homeowners for doing mitigation on their property.
Possibly give permit credit or insurance credit to homeowners.
• Action item #7:
The County seeks state and federal funding to support elevation, relocation and acquisition of
properties with repetitive flooding.
• Action item #8:
The County should continue to enforce floodplain management in wetland areas for erosion
and sediment control.
• Action item #9:
County emergency plans are reviewed and updated annually for improvements to meet CRS
standards.
• Action item #10:
The County seeks funding for installation of river gauging stations in corporation with the
NWS, St. Johns River Water Management District and FEMA.
• Action item #11:
Emergency Management works closely with the State and East Central Florida Planning
Council for evacuation planning based on current and future population projections.
• Action item #12:
The County is working to formalize procedures to help citizens acquire permitting quicker
post disaster for temporary housing on their property.
• Action item #13.
Storm water management continues to work on inspection and maintenance of facilities for
outfall of rainwater to eliminate flooding.
• Action item #14:
Monitoring of higher evaluation areas with water flowing downstream and looking at
solutions to protect the properties.
• Action item #15:
Mullet Lake Park Road is on the County's Capital Improvement list due to repetitive
flooding.
• Action item #16:
An informational campaign for stakeholders on the benefits of restoring and protecting rivers
and wetlands should be done through websites, or neighboring meetings. These projects
should be prioritized by need.
• Action item # 17:
Materials should be developed to educate citizens on protection measures for their property in
floodplain areas.
• Action item #18:
The County should maintain an outreach program to received credit under the CRS.
• Action item #19:
Critical infrastructures should be identified and measures taken to mitigate these buildings.
VII. Questions
• No questions were ask and no public comment forms were recieved
VIII. Adjourned:
• Meeting was adjourned at 6:58PM
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Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Introduction
Overview
The City of Altamonte Springs was
incorporated in 1920. It is located in the
southern portion of Seminole County,
bordered by Orange County to the
south. The City of Winter Springs is to
the east of Altamonte Springs, the City
of Longwood is to the north, and
unincorporated areas to the west of
Altamonte Springs. Altamonte Springs
currently covers 9.01 square miles. The
current population is 41,496 people.
Involvement with the National Flood
Insurance Program (NFIP)
Altamonte Springs became eligible for
the National Flood Insurance Program's
(NFIP) Community Rating System
(CRS) on October 1, 1994. The CRS is
a voluntary program for NFIP -
participating communities. The goals of
the CRS are to reduce flood losses, to
facilitate accurate insurance rating, and
to promote the awareness of flood
insurance. The CRS was developed to
encourage communities to go beyond
the minimum NFIP requirements to
further reduce flood losses. The
incentives are in the form of premium
discounts.
The City continues to participate in the
CRS program and is currently ranked as
a Class 7. With the Class 7 ranking, the
discount percentage applied to
insurance premiums for properties
located in a Special Flood Hazard
(SFHA) is 15 %. The premium discount
available to property owners not located
in a SFHA is 5 %.
Figure 1. City of Altamonte Springs
Figure 2. Severe Weather
i
y GIs Dept
Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile 1
Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Risk Assessment
This section of the community profile assesses the potential of risk with respect to
foodplain management in Altamonte Springs. Communities must address four
components when assessing risk. They are identifying hazards, profiling hazard events,
inventorying assets, and estimating losses. This process measures the potential loss of
life, personal injury, economic injury, and property damage resulting from natural
hazards by assessing the vulnerability of people, buildings, and infrastructure to natural
hazards (FEMA). There are six categories that address the four components identified in
risk assessment as defined through the Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA): identifying flood zones within the city, identifying surface water locations,
identifying property value within each flood zone, identifying insurance statistics,
identifying vulnerable populations, and identifying critical facilities.
FEMA Flood Zone
Figure 3. FEMA Flood Zone,
Percentage of Acreage for the City of Altamonte Springs, 2013,
F
Non - Submerged Acres
■p_26 t. a ual ehancc
HaxarcF'
E 2ane 4
. xflne ae
n Zone %
Figure 3 shows that the percentage of non- submerged acreage found in Altamonte
Springs. Non - submerged acreage refers to land not inundated by surface water. Close
to half of this category can be found in the northeast section of the city in the outlier
sections of Cranes Roost Lake. The largest percentage of non- submerged acreage in
Altamonte Spring is Flood Zone X accounting for 87.17 %. The 0.2 percent Annual
Chance Flood Hazard of the 100 Year Flood accounts for 2.0% of the total percentage of
non- submerged acreage. Flood Zone A accounts for 0.6% of total percentage, 87% of
this flood zone can be located in the southern segment of Altamonte Springs. Flood
Zone AE accounts for 10.28% of the total percentage of non- submerged acreage. This
zone is found throughout the city.
Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile 2
Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Surface Water
Table 1. Percentage of Total Surface Water
Surface Water Name Percentage, %
Total Surface Water
10.9
Lake Orienta
20.5
Prairie Lake
17.8
Spring Lake
12.3
There are 23 bodies of surface water
located in Altamonte Springs. Surface
water accounts for 10.9% of the total
land make- up. Table 1 displays the
three largest bodies of water and their
percentage of total surface water in
Altamonte Springs
All bodies of water are located in or
within close proximity of the SFHA.
The vast majority of these lakes are
closed basin lakes with no outlets.
Rainfall causes closed basin lakes to
rise faster than drain. The result is a
variation in water elevation that can lead
to flooding.
Lake Orienta is the largest surface water
body accounting for 20.5% (INSERT
ACRES) . The lake is located in
the southeast section of the city.
The second largest body of water is
Prairie Lake at 17.8% of the total
percentage of surface water. The
location of this lake is on the City's
eastern boundaries with the county.
The third largest lake is Spring Lake, the
lake accounts for 12.3% of the total
surface water in Altamonte Springs.
Source: Seminole County GIs Dept.
Figure 4. Lake Orienta, Aerial View
Figure 5. Prairie Lake
Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile 3
Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Property Value
Table 2. Total Appraised Value by Flood Zone, 2014
Flood Zone
Total Appraised Value
0.2 Pct. Annual Chance Flood Hazard`
$512,906,384.00
Zone A
$37,259,116.00
Zone AE
$826,953,321.00
Zone X
$2,939,451,187.00
Grand Total
$4,316,570,008.00
'o1 the 100 Year Floodplain
Source: Seminole County GIS Dept
Altamonte Springs has over $4,316,570,008 in property and building value that could be
at risk in the event of a flood hazard. The 0.2 Percent Annual Chance Flood Hazard of
the 10 -year flood contains over one percent of the total appraised value. Flood Zone A
contains 0.08 % of the total appraised value. Flood Zone AE comprises 19% of the
property value that could be exposed to risk. Flood Zone X accounts for 68% of the total
property value.
Insurance Statistics
Table 3. Policy Statistics for the City of Altamonte Springs, as of 12/31/2013
Policies in- Force Insurance in -Force Whole Written Premiums in- Force
699 $143,463,600 $347,677
Source: FEMA
Altamonte Springs has 699 insurance policies in force according to the Federal
Emergency Management Agency. The total coverage amount for these insurance
policies $143,463,600 while the average premium paid for them was $347,677.
Table 4. Loss Statistics for the City of Altamonte Springs, as of 12/31/2013
Total Losses Closed Losses Open Losses CWOP Losses Total Payments
57 32 0 25 $340, 400.40
Source: FEMA
Total property losses in Altamonte Springs are numbered at 57 properties since 1978.
Losses that had been paid in full accounted for 32 claims while losses that had been
closed without payment (CWOP) were numbered at 25. There were no losses that had
not been paid in full (Open Losses). Total payments made to claimants since 1978 is
$340,400.40.
Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile 4
Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Vulnerable Population
Vulnerable populations are those segments of the community considered to be most
prone to risk in the time of a hazard. In Altamonte Springs, 12.5% of the population is
over the age of 65 and 9.3% of the population has a disability. Most of the people who
have a disability are over the age of 65.
Repetitive Loss Property
Repetitive Loss properties are defined as those properties that have been flooded on
more than one occasion. Altamonte Springs has one repetitive loss property(ask for
location).
Manufactured Homes
Figure 6. Manufactured Home Foundations
Source: Livingwithmyhome.com
Chassis are the steel frames of manufactured homes. Block piers and anchors are building
methods utilized to mitigate flood damage.
In the event that properties do begin to meet that criteria then there are buy out
programs that can be initiated to purchase the property. These measures protect
residents from harm and remove development from the foodplain (Schwab, 2014).
Altamonte Springs is limited in the number of manufactured homes located throughout
its boundaries. For those manufactured homes located in the Special Flood Hazard
(SFHA) mitigation policies that reduce flood damage include elevating the foundation to
one foot above the base flood elevation (BFE). Manufactured homes must also be
anchored to a foundation system to prevent floatation or varying forms of movements.
Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile 5
Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Critical Facilities
Critical facilities are defined as those facilities that provide a critical function and should
be protected from flood damage. Seminole County has identified 22 critical facilities
throughout Altamonte Springs and the emergency function they provide in times of crisis.
No facility is located in the SFHA.
Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile 6
Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Mitigation Measures
Mitigation is the effort to reduce loss of life and property by lessening the impact of
disasters (FEMA). The policies adopted by Altamonte Springs work to achieve these
objectives and prevent flood damage. This community profile analyzes mitigation
policies including Future Land Use, Environmental Efforts, Stormwater Management,
and Building Practices all identified through the city's Comprehensive Plan and Land
Development Code. Altamonte Springs is an active member of the Local Mitigation
Strategy and works to make sure all plans are up to date.
Future Land Use
An analysis of the Future Land Use Map by Flood Zone for the City of Altamonte Springs
is aggregated below by percentage of total acreage in the flood zone. This analysis
reflects the potential hazards that come with planning for growth in flood prone areas.
Table 5. 0.2 Percent Annual Chance Flood Hazard* by Future Land Use (FLU), 2011
Altamonte Springs Future Land Use Percentage of Acres,
0.2 Pct Annual Chance Flood Hazard*
2.00
Regional Business Center Core East
36.15
Low Density Residential
23.62
Medium Density Residential
18.99
Regional Buisness Center Core West
4.37
Regional Business Center Activity Center
3.95
Institutional
3.62
West Town Center
2.42
Office/ Residential
2.38
Conservation
2.25
Industrial
2.20
*of the 100 Year Flood
source: Sominole County GIS Dept.
In Altamonte Springs, 36.15% of the total percentage of acreage for the 0.2 Percent
Annual Chance Hazard of the 100 -year flood is planned for Regional Business Center
Core East. Regional Business Centers and Town Centers are a variation of mixed -use
districts. The second largest future land use for the zone is Low Density Residential at
23.62 %. Medium Density Residential developments account for 18.99 %. Conservation
composes 2.25% of the total future land use for this flood zone.
Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile 7
Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Table 6. Flood Zone A by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Altamonte Springs Future Land Use
Gateway Activity Center
Medium Density Residential
Industrial
Commercial /Office
of Acres, %
91.60
4.34
2.73
1.30
Source: Seminole County GIs Dept
In Flood Zone A 91.60% of all future land use is planned for the Gateway Activity Center.
This future land use is a variation of a mixed -use district. The remaining future uses are
Medium Density Residential Development at 4.34 %. Industrial comprises 2.73% and
Commercial/ Office at 1.30% of the total.
Table 7. Flood Zone AE by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Altamonte Springs Future Land Use Percentage of Acres, %
Flood Zone AE
10.28
Low Density Residential
23.15
Conservation
21.42
Medium Density Residential
19.39
Regional Business Center Core East
10.93
Gateway Activity Center
8.34
Institutional
5.51
Commercial /Office
3.16
Regional Business Center Core West
2.21
East Town Center
1.89
Regional Business Center Activity Center
1.07
Office/ Residential
1.05
West Town Center
1.04
Source: Seminole County GIs Dept.
In Altamonte Springs, 23.15% of the total future land use for flood zone AE is identified
as Low Density Residential. Conservation comprises 21.42% of the total make- up.
Medium Density Residential also has a notable percentage of the total acreage in this
zone at 19.39 %. The Regional Business Center Core East and Gateway Activity Center
account for 10.93% and 8.34 %. Institutional makes up 5.51 % of the total percentage of
acres. Commercial and office is 3.16% and Regional Business Center Core West is
2.21% of the total percentage of acreage. East Town Center and Regional Business
Center Activity Center are 1.89% and 1.07% of the total percentage of acreage. Office
and residential and West Town Center complete the remaining future land use of this
zone with 1.05% and 1.04 %.
Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile 8
Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Table 8. Flood Zone X by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Altamonte Springs Future Land Use Percentage of Acres, %
Flood Zone X
87.17
Low Density Residential
28.13
Medium Density Residential
12.01
Regional Buisness Center Activity Center
10.24
West Town Center
8.29
Gateway Activity Center
7.88
Regional Buisness Center Core East
7.14
Regional Buisness Center Core West
5.24
Commercial/ Office
5.10
East Town Center
3.89
Institutional
3.89
Industrial
3.23
Office/ Residential
2.8R
Conservation
2.07
Sowce. Semino4 County Cie Dept.
In Flood Zone X, 28.13% of the total percentage of acreage is classified as Low Density
Residential. The second most planned use in this flood zone is Medium Density
Residential at 12.01%. Regional Business Activity Center is 10.24% and West Town
Center and Gateway Activity Center at 8.29% and 7.88% of the total percentage of
acreage. Regional Business Center Core East and West make up 7.14% and 5.24% of
the total acreage. Commercial and office comprises 5.10% and East Town Center is
3.89 %. Industrial, Office and Residential and Conservation complete the future land
uses for this Flood Zone with 3.23 %, 2.88 %, and 2.07 %.
Figure 7. Future Land Use and Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA)
Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile 9
Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Environmental Efforts
Environmental policies are a means to
which a municipality values its natural
heritage. Best management practices in
Floodplain Management mitigation
include preserving natural areas located
in floodplains or directing open space/
recreation uses towards them.
Altamonte Springs has committed itself
to the protection of wetlands. The city
enforces Flood Hazard Avoidance
Regulations and conserves wetlands
where habitats act as wildlife corridors.
Wetlands act as a natural mitigation
measure in mitigating flood damage.
Erosion and Sedimentation
Control
The City of Altamonte Springs is
working on plans to improve the basin
for the Little Wekiva River.
Along the Little Wekiva River, certain
areas are prone to soil erosion. The City
of Altamonte Springs in coordination
with Seminole County, Orange County,
and the SJRWMD implemented several
erosion and sedimentation control
project along the Little Wekiva River
identified in the Little Wekiva River
Master Plan.
Figure 8. Wetland Protection
Altamonte Springs protects wetlands
because they act as a natural mitigation
measure.
Figure 9. Wetland Protection
Area along the Little Wekiva River Basin
where soil erosion is visible.
Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile 10
Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Stormwater Management
Stormwater management practices are
an essential component in mitigating
flood damage. Policies enacted at the
municipal level are essential in
controlling stormwater run- off,
minimizing damage on property.
The City of Altamonte Springs has
established many LOS standards for
stormwater quality and quantity.
There are currently 186 stormwater
ponds as well as many other facilities
such as pump stations, roadside
drainage, and control structures.
The city also protects wetlands so there
is also a natural drainage system in the
area.
The city also adheres to best
management practices that reduce run-
off and improve water quality.
In the next few years, Altamonte Springs
will have to update their current
stormwater master plan. This is because
of the current development and growth
in the city.
Figure 10. Stormwater Pond
Stormwater pond located in Altamonte
Springs.
Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile 11
Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Building Practices
Building Practices are essential in
mitigating flood damage to structures
located in flood prone zones. There are
different practices that help protect
property and citizens. The City of
Altamonte Springs is currently working
to adopt a variation of the State Model
Floodplain ordinance that incorporates
recent changes to the Florida Building
Code. The City is evaluating the
feasibility of incorporating higher
regulatory standards.
Altamonte Springs mandates that new
residential and non- residential
construction or substantial
improvements to existing ones should
have their lowest floor including
basement elevated to at a foot above
the base flood elevation (BFE).
Buildings where there is an enclosed
area below the lowest floor elevation are
required to be designed for the entry
and exit of floodwater. Dry floodproofing
techniques such as these reduce
damage from flooding while allowing
waters to enter the structure.
Most forms of development in the
floodway are prohibited unless
certification by a professional engineer
is issued stating that the development
will result in no increase in flood levels.
Standards for subdivisions are required
to build utilities that minimize flood
damage and must provide adequate
drainage.
Figure 11. Home elevation
W4
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Jmnldq�m
n �n.... �.
0117
Home elevation is a dry floodproofing
technique that reduces damage from
flooding by allowing water to enter the
structure.
Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile 12
I,
�i
Home elevation is a dry floodproofing
technique that reduces damage from
flooding by allowing water to enter the
structure.
Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile 12
Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Responsible party Deadline
Altamonte Springs
Goal 1: Update the City's floodplain ordinance in accordance with Florida Department of
Emergency Management requirements.
Objective 1.1 -Adopt revisions to City ordinance in calendar year 2015
Objective 1.2- Include higher standards in floodplain ordinance
Goal 2: Maintain the condition of the City's MS4 to reduce flooding
Objective 1.1- Perform on -going maintenance and repair of city's MS4
Objective 1.2- Repair MS4 facilities as necessary and in a timely manner
Altamonte Springs Floodplain Management Profile 13
Casselberry Floodplain Management Profile
Introduction
Overview
The City of Casselberry was
incorporated in 1940 in Seminole
County. It is located in the southern
portion of the county east of the Cities of
Longwood and Altamonte Springs and
to the west of Winter Spring.
Casselberry covers 7.5 square miles.
The city's population is 27,057.
Involvement with the National
Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)
Casselberry has no history of
participation in Community Rating
System (CRS) but has a history with the
National Flood Insurance Program's
(NFIP).
Figure 1. City of Casselberry
Seminole County GIs
Figure 2. National Flood Insurance Program
NATIONAL FLOOD
INSURANCE PROGRAM
Casselberry Floodplain Management Profile
Risk Assessment
2
Communities must address four components when assessing risk. They are identifying
hazards, profiling hazard events, inventorying assets, and estimating loss. This process
measures the potential loss of life, personal injury, economic injury, and property
damage resulting from natural hazards by assessing the vulnerability of people,
buildings, and infrastructure to natural hazards (FEMA). This section of the community
profile assesses the potential of risk with respect to floodplain management in
Casselberry. There are six categories that address the four components identified in risk
assessment as defined through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA):
identifying flood zones within the city, surface water locations, property value within each
flood zone, insurance statistics, vulnerable populations, and critical facilities.
FEMA Flood *of the 100 Year Flood
Figure 3. FEMA Flood Zone, Percentage of Acreage for the City of Casselberry, 2013, Non - Submerged Acres
Zones
■ 6.2 Pct. ,annual Chance
Flood Hazard'
B Zone A
& Zone AE
• Zane AH
Zane X
Figure 1 shows that the percentage of non- submerged acreage found in the 0.2 percent
Annual Chance Flood Hazard of the 100 Year Floodplain; 0.5 %. Non - submerged
acreage refers to land not inundated by surface water. The largest quantity of the
acreage is found in the northern portion of the city by Lake Kahryn and along the flood
way situated towards Gee Creek Flood Zone A accounts for 3.31% of the floodplain
total. Flood Zone AE comprises 12.13% of the city's total non- submerged acreage,
Zone AH accounts for 0.31 % and Zone X covers 82 %.
Casselberry Floodplain Management Profile
Surface Water
Table 1. Percentage of Total Surface Water
3
Surface Water Name Percentage, %
Total Surface Water
15.9
Lake Howell
49.1
Lake Kathryn
9.1
Middle Lake Triplet
5.4
Figure 4. Lake Howell
Figure 5. Lake Kathryn
Source Seminole County GIs Dept.
There are 39 bodies of surface water
located in Casselberry. Surface water
accounts for 15.9% of the total land
make— up. Table 1 displays the three
largest bodies of water and their
percentage of total surface water in
Casselberry.
All bodies of water are located in or
within close proximity of the Special
Flood Hazard Area (SFHA).
Lake Howell is the largest body of water,
accounting for 49.1 % of the total
percentage of surface water. It is
located in the southeast section of the
city and the boundaries are shared with
Seminole County.
The second largest body of water is
Lake Kathryn comprising 9.1% of the
total percentage of surface water. The
lake is located in the northern portion of
the city.
Middle Lake Triplet is located the central
section of the city and spans 5.4% of the
total percentage of surface water.
Casselberry Floodplain Management Profile
Property Value
Table 2. Total Appraised Value by Flood Zone, 2014
Flood Zone
Total Appraised Value
0.2 Pct. Annual Chance Flood Hazard
$161,881,012
Zone A
$109,977,638
Zone AE
$450,112,577
Zone AH
S27,383,896
Zone X
$1,421,360,260
Grand Total
$2,170,715,383
"of the 100 Year Flood
Source: Seminole County GIS Dept.
Casselberry has over two billion dollars of appraised property value that could be
vulnerable to flood risk damage. The largest property value is found in Flood Zone X
where 65% of the city's total property value is found. Flood Zone AE contains the second
largest appraised value that could be vulnerable to flood risk damage at 21 % of the total
value of Casselberry. There is close to $300 million dollars of property value at risk in the
remaining flood zones.
Flood Insurance
Table 3. Policy Statistics for the City of Casselberry, as of 12/31/2013
Policies in- Force Insurance in -Force Whole Written Premiums in- Force
365 $78,364,300 $190,703
Source: FEMA
Casselberry has 365 insurance policies in force according to the Federal Emergency
Management Agency. The total coverage amount for these insurance policies is
$78,364,300.00, while the premium paid for them is $190,703.00.
Table 4. Loss Statistics for the City of Casselberry, as of 12/31/2013
Total Losses Closed Losses Open Losses CWOP Losses Total
Source: FEMA
Total property losses in Casselberry are numbered at 19 properties since 1978. Losses
that had been paid in full accounted for 5 claims and losses that had been closed without
payment (CWOP) were counted at 14 claims. There were no losses that had not been
paid in full (Open Losses). Total payments made to claimants since 1978 is numbered at
$69,681.08.
Casselberry Floodplain Management Profile
Vulnerable Population
5
Vulnerable populations are those segments of the community who are considered to be
most prone to risk in the time of hazard. In Casselberry, 14.1 % of the population is over
the age of 65.
Repetitive Loss Property
Repetitive Loss properties are defined as those properties that have been flooded on
more than one occasion. Casselberry does not have repetitive loss properties. In the
event that properties do begin to meet that criteria then there are buy out programs that
can be initiated to purchase the property. These measures protect residents from harm
and remove development from the floodplain (Schwab, 2014).
Manufactured Homes
There are over one thousand
manufactured homes located in
Casselberry.
The two largest communities are Lake
Kathryn Park and Seminole Speedway.
While the vast majority of these
manufactured homes are located in
Flood Zone X, there are a considerable
number of ones that are not.
Casselberry restricts manufactured
home placement to existing
manufactured parks homes or sub-
divisions. The city's land development
code regulates standards for
manufactured homes.
Those found in the Special Flood
Hazard Area (SFHA) are required to
elevate the lowest floor on a permanent
foundation to no lower than one foot
above the base flood elevation and must
be properly anchored to resist flotation,
collapse or any form of movement.
Drainage paths around structures are
also required to be designed to guide
water away from manufactured homes.
Figure 6. Selected Manufactured Homes in
Floodplain Hazard
Casselberry Floodplain Management Profile
Critical Facilities
0
Critical facilities are defined as those facilities that provide a critical function and should
be protected from flood damage. Seminole County has identified four critical facilities
throughout Casselberry and the emergency function they provide in times of crisis. No
facility is located in the Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA).
Casselberry Floodplain Management Profile
Mitigation Measures
7
Mitigation is the effort to reduce loss of life and property by lessening the impact of
disasters (FEMA). The policies adopted by Casselberry work to achieve these objectives
and prevent flood damage. This community profile analyzes mitigation policies including
Future Land Use, Environmental Efforts, Stormwater Management, and Building
Practices all identified through the city's Comprehensive Plan and Land Development
Code. Casselberry is an active member of the Local Mitigation Strategy and works to
make sure all plans are up to date.
Future Land Use
An analysis of the Future Land Use Map by Flood Zone for the City of Casselberry is
aggregated below. This analysis reflects the hazards that come with developing in flood
prone areas.
Table 5. 0.2 Percent Annual Chance Flood Hazard* by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Casselberry Future Land Use
Percentage of Acres, %
0.2 Pct Annual Chance Flood Hazard*
2.52
LDR- Low Density Residential
41.76
MDR- Medium Density Residential
30.90
REC- Recreation/ Open Space
9.52
COMM- Commercial
5.79
PUB- Public Service
4.71
IND- Industrial
3.61
HDR- High Density Residential
1.43
WATER- Water
1.21
*of the 100 Year Flood
Source: Seminole County GIS Dept.
In Casselberry 41.76% of the total Future Land Use in the 0.2 Percent Annual Chance
Flood Hazard is planned for Low- Density Residential. Medium Density Residential
accounts for 30.90% of the total future land use. Recreation and Open Space makes up
9.52 %. The remaining uses account for 15% of the total make- up.
Casselberry Floodplain Management Profile
Table 6. Flood Zone A by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
0
Casselberry Future Land Use
Percentage of Acres, %
Flood Zone A
3.31
MDR- Medium Density Residential
33.55
LINK- Low Density Non -Res/ Medium Density Res.
23.08
REC- Recreation/ Open Space
16.12
LDR- Low Density Residential
10.74
PUB- Public Service
9.16
MTMU- Major Thoroughfare Mixed Use
4.99
IND- Industrial
1.75
Source: Seminole County GIs Dept.
A third of Flood Zone A is planned for Medium Density Residential. The next largest
future planned use is for Low- Density Non- Residential/ Medium Density Residential at
23.08 %. Recreation and Open Space is the third largest future land use in the zone at
16.12 %. Low- Density Residential future is also a notable make- up of the zone with
10.74 %. The Future Land Use indicates that the city has planned residential units for
over 60% of Flood Zone A. The remaining uses account for close to 16% of the total
future make- up.
Table 7. Flood Zone AE by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Casselberry Future Land Use
Percentage of Acres, %
Flood Zone AE
12.13
LDR- Low Density Residential
49.26
REC- Recreation/ Open Space
17.37
MDR- Medium Density Residential
11.86
COMM- Commercial
5.09
LINK- Low Density Non -Rest Medium Density Res.
4.08
MTMU- Major Thoroughfare Mixed Use
3.98
PUB- Public Service
4.46
IND- Industrial
1.44
HINR- High Density Non -Res/ Medium Density Res.
0.90
IND M- Industiral Medium
0.79
HDR- High Density Residential
0.67
Source: Seminole County GIS Dept.
The largest Future Land Use category in Flood Zone AE is Low Density Residential at
49.26 %. Recreation and Open Space accounts for 17.37% of the total acreage followed
by Medium Density Residential at 11.86 %.The following most notable future uses
include Commercial at 4.09 %, Low- Density Non- Res/ Medium Density Residential at
4.08% and Major Thoroughfare Mixed Use at 3.98 %. The remaining future uses account
for close to 10% of the total of acreage.
Table 8. Flood Zone AH by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Casselberry Floodplain Management Profile
Future Land Use Percentage of
)od Zone AM
MTMU- Major Thoroughfare Mixed Use
COMM- Commercial
LINK- Low Density Non -Res/ Medium Density Res.
LDR- Low Density Residential
MDR- Medium Density Residential
REC- Recreation/ Open Space
48.32
29.53
13.46
4.57
2.21
1.88
Source: Seminole County GIS Dept.
D
The largest Future Land Use category in the Flood Zone AH is Major Thoroughfare
Mixed Use at 48.32 %. The second largest future use is Commercial at 29.53 followed by
Low- Density Non- Residential/ Medium Density Residential at 13.46 %. The remaining
uses account for close to eight percent of the total percentage of acres.
Table 9. Flood Zone X by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Casselberry Future Land Use
Percentage of Acres, %
Flood Zone X
81.81
LDR- Low Density Residential
3417
MDR- Medium Density Residential
17.82
MTMU- Major Thoroughfare Mixed Use
13,18
COMM- Commercial
7.80
LINK- Low Density Non -Res/ Medium Density Res.
5.42
PUB- Public Service
4.62
IND- Industrial
4.54
REC- Recreation/ Open Space
5.26
HDR- High Density Residential
3.08
HINR- High Density Non -Res/ Medium Density Res.
1.82
IN❑ M- Industiral Medium
1.55
Source: Seminole County GIS Depl.
Low Density Residential comprises 34.77% of Flood Zone X. The next largest future
uses are Medium Density Residential 17.82% and Major Thoroughfare Mixed Use at
13.18 %. Commercial future use accounts for 7.38% of the total floodplain followed by
Low Density Non- Residential/ Medium Density Residential at 5.42 %. The remaining
future uses account for the remaining quarter of the floodplain.
Casselberry Floodplain Management Profile
Figure 7. Land Use and Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA)
a a
b °
a�
QM
ma
o C�
Future Land Use
A
AE
AH
g6Callelberry
-- Usseeland SFF.
M
10
•t9
OVA
Q-7 i
Casselberry Floodplain Management Profile
Environmental Efforts
Environmental policies are a means to
which a municipality values its natural
heritage. Best practices in Floodplain
Management mitigation include
preserving natural areas located in
floodplains or directing open space/
recreation uses towards them.
Casselberry's policies require that
natural functions of wetlands and
floodplains be protected. Land use
restrictions have been implemented on
the specific use of floodplains. These
include, limits on natural vegetation
removal, limitations on intensities and
densities of development, and
restrictions on fill placement in
floodplains.
Erosion and Sedimentation
Control
The city's comprehensive plan sets
objectives to protect minerals, soils and
vegetation. These policies protect
bodies of water and wetlands from
siltation.
Best management practices have been
identified to control erosion and
restrictions on clearing of sites prior to
development.
Sediment controls include temporary
and permanent sodding and seeding,
sediment basins and rock dams, silt
fences, and vegetative buffers.
These practices help reduce harmful
pollutants in stormwater runoff from the
construction site.
11
Figure 8. Wetland Protection
Casselberry has identified Wetland
Protection as a policy in which to help
mitigate against flood damage.
Figure 9. Sediment Basins
Sediment Basins are temporary ponds built
on construction sites to capture eroded or
disturbed soils. Casselberry requires this
sedimentation practice.
Casselberry Floodplain Management Profile
Stormwater Management
Stormwater management practices are
an essential component in mitigating
flood damage. Policies enacted at the
municipal level are essential in
controlling stormwater run- off to create
minimal damage impact on property.
In 2007, Casselberry adopted a
Stormwater, Lake Management and
Water Quality Master Plan. This plan
guides stormwater management for the
city and identifies stormwater policies
that are integral in maintaining a quality
system.
Casselberry is committed to protecting
water resources and maintaining the
natural drainage systems and
watercourses.
The city also adheres to best
management practices that reduce run-
off and improve water quality.
Casselberry's objectives are met by
implementing policies such as dry
retention/ detention facilities, wet
detention/ retention facilities and
promoting techniques such as low -
impact development, which adheres to
pre- development hydrologic conditions.
12
Figure 10. Wet Retention/ Detention Facility
Dry Detention/ Detention facilities are used
to drain between rainfall events.
Figure 11. Low Impact Development
Source: Lowimpactdevelopment.org
Low Impact Development is a form of
development that adheres to pre -
development conditions. Examples include
green roofs and permeable surfaces.
PpippPW PA NN LWG Pp10XMt
9Im&irtnl
ComwflmerNNmXL MrgoweweR�WeIRy
VleLLdhle eh®
TrtawWmtreY NeFkJeM
fmres•wumna �yy pMnePom
�-
1 wA+azbmmt flem Wnru
Pte...,
,a m
e4u B�ryns�
^m
Pain WSJ
Y W
slM1ebo eirthlly
h,
P9fBYb� "-
R�.W�P.N�
Pawnml •
P®rteelb PdW
Roauem PegwB
i9edm^@mr®,
Source: Lowimpactdevelopment.org
Low Impact Development is a form of
development that adheres to pre -
development conditions. Examples include
green roofs and permeable surfaces.
Casselberry Floodplain Management Profile
Building Practices
Building Practices are essential in
mitigating flood damage to structures
located in flood prone zones. There are
different practices that help protect
property and citizens.
Casselberry mandates that new
residential and non- residential
construction or substantial
improvements to existing ones should
have their lowest floor including
basement elevated to at a foot above
the base flood elevation (BFE).
Buildings where there is an enclosed
area below the lowest floor elevation are
required to be designed for the entry
and exit of floodwater. Dry floodproofing
techniques such as these reduce
damage from flooding while allowing
waters to enter the structure.
Most forms of development in the
floodway are prohibited unless
certification is by a professional
engineer is issued stating that the
development will result in no increase in
flood levels.
Standards for subdivisions are required
to build utilities that minimize flood
damage and must provide adequate
drainage.
13
Figure 12. Home Elevation
Source: FEMA
Home elevation is a dry floodproofing
technique that reduces damage from
flooding by allowing water to enter the
structure.
f�
-�� -.s
ir��ii.�.rw• ilr��
Source: FEMA
Home elevation is a dry floodproofing
technique that reduces damage from
flooding by allowing water to enter the
structure.
Casselberry Floodplain Management Profile 14
City of Casselberry Floodplain Management Goals. Objectives. & Action Items
Goal 1: Improve codification and implementation of local floodplain and stormwater regulations
to help better meet acceptable levels of service respective to flood risk, flood attenuation, and
water quality protection.
Objective 1.1 Improve local floodplain and stormwater ordinances /codes to provide
clarity, better meet community needs, and help improve consistency with federal and
state regulations and /or guidelines.
Objective 1.2 Implement updated local regulations (once adopted) through the City's
permitting processes.
Action item 1.1 Pursuant to Objective 1.1., complete a draft analysis and draft
recommended changes to the City's Code of Ordinances related to floodplain and
stormwater regulations.
Responsible Party. City of Casselberry Public Works Department
Deadline: December 31, 2016
Goal 2: Maintain and improve the City's drainage infrastructure to help mitigate flood risk, where
feasible, sustainable, and appropriate in context.
Objective 2.1 Continue and, where feasible, improve routine maintenance of the City's
key drainage infrastructure components, such as major pipes, ditches, and key control
structures.
Objective 2.2 Continue and, where feasible, improve routine maintenance of street
drainage infrastructure such as gutters, inlets, swales, and pipes to reduce instance of
nuisance flooding.
1s
Objective 2.3 Improve understanding of and information base for the City's drainage
infrastructure.
Objective 2.4 Identify and evaluate potential capital improvement projects to help
mitigate flood risk.
Action item 2.1 Pursuant to Objective 2.3, perform an inventory update for key
components of the City's drainage infrastructure in the City's GIS (Geographic
Information System).
Responsible Party. City of Casselberry Public Works Department
Deadline: December 31, 2017
Action item 2.2 Pursuant to Objective 2.3, complete updates to the Gee Creek ICPR
stormwater model.
Responsible Party. City of Casselberry Public Works Department
Deadline: December 31. 2017
Action item 2.3 Pursuant to Objective 2.4, evaluate flooding concerns associated with
Lake Lotus and identify potential improvements to help reduce flood risk and /or lessen
duration of extended flooding conditions.
Responsible Party. City of Casselberry Public Works Department
Deadline: December 31, 2017
Action item 2.4 Pursuant to Objective 2.1, 2.2, and 2.4, complete an update to the
City's Stormwater, Lakes Management, and Water Quality Master Plan (including
identifying capital improvement projects and potential improvements to operational
processes.)
16
Responsible Party. City of Casselberry Public Works Department
Deadline: December 31. 2017
Goal 3: Mitigate local economic impacts associated with flood risk.
Objective 3.1 Continue and /or improve activities to ensure basic NFIP compliance for
continued participation.
Objective 3.2 Consider local program enhancements (beyond basic NFIP compliance)
that may help further mitigate local economic impacts.
Action Item 3.1 Pursuant to Objective 3.2., ensure the local floodplain administrator
completes CRS (Community Rating System) training, in order to help the City determine
whether participating in CRS is advisable.
Responsible Party. City of Casselberry Public Works Department
Deadline: December 31. 2016
Lake Mary Floodplain Management Profile
Introduction
Overview
The City of Lake Mary was incorporated
in 1973 in Seminole County. It is located
in the northern section of the county,
with the city of Sanford located to the
north and east, the city of Longwood to
the south, and unincorporated areas to
its west. Lake Mary covers 9.16 square
miles. The city's population is 13,822.
Involvement with the National
Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)
Lake Mary became eligible for the
National Flood Insurance Program's
(NFIP) Community Rating System
(CRS) on October 1, 2009. The
municipality ranked a class eight rating,
receiving 1,000 -1,499 Credit Points (cT)
during its classification.
The discount percentage for properties
found in the Special Flood Hazard
(SFHA) is ten percent while the percent
discount for non Special Flood Hazard
Area (SFHA) properties is five percent.
The city's participation in the program is
listed as current.
Lake Mary Floodplain Management Profile
Figure 1. City of Lake Mary
Figure 2. National Flood Insurance Program
NATIONAL FLOOD
INSURANCE PROGRAM
Source: Seminole County GIs
Lake Mary Floodplain Management Profile
Risk Assessment
Communities must address four components when assessing risk. They are identifying
hazards, profiling hazard events, inventorying assets, and estimating loss. This process
measures the potential loss of life, personal injury, economic injury, and property
damage resulting from natural hazards by assessing the vulnerability of people,
buildings, and infrastructure to natural hazards (FEMA). This section of the community
profile assesses the potential of risk with respect to floodplain management in Lake
Mary. There are six categories that address the four components identified in risk
assessment as defined through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA):
identifying flood zones within the city, surface water locations, property value within each
flood zone, insurance statistics, vulnerable populations, and critical facilities.
Figure 3. FEMA Flood Zone, Percentage of Acreage for the City of Lake Mary, 2013, Non - Submerged Acres
■ tune A
■ Zone At
■ Zane AH
Zone k
Figure 3 shows that the percentage of non- submerged acreage found in Lake Mary.
Flood Zone A accounts for 1.87% of the total percentage of non- submerged acres.
Non- submerged acreage refers to land not inundated by surface water. Flood Zone AE
accounts for 11.86% of the total percentage of acres and AH accounts for 1.20 %. Flood
Zone X accounts 85.07% of the total percentage of non- submerged acres found in the
Lake Mary.
Lake Mary Floodplain Management Profile 2
Lake Mary Floodplain Management Profile
Surface Water
Table 1. Percentage of Total Surface Water
Surface Water Name Percentage, %
Total Surface Water
12.2
West Crystal Lake
26.5
East Crystal Lake
15.4
Big Lake Mary
12.2
There are 29 bodies of surface water
located in Lake Mary. Surface water
accounts for 12.2 % of the total land
make— up. Table 1 displays the three
largest bodies of water and their
percentage of total surface water in the
city boundaries.
All bodies of water are located in or
within close proximity of the Special
Flood Hazard Area (SFHA).
The vast majority of these lakes are
closed basin lakes with no outlets.
Rainfall causes closed basin lakes to
rise faster than drain. The result is a
variation in water elevation that can lead
to flooding.
The largest body of surface water is
West Crystal Lake accounting for 26.5%
of the total surface water. The lake is
located in the Special Flood Hazard
Area (SFHA).
The second largest body of surface
water is East Crystal Lake comprising
15.4% of the total surface water.
Big Lake Mary is 12.2% of the total
surface water in Lake Mary.
Source: Seminole County GIs Dept.
Figure 4. West Crystal Lake
Figure 5. East Crystal Lake, Aerial View
Lake Mary Floodplain Management Profile 3
Lake Mary Floodplain Management Profile
Property Value
Table 2. Total Appraised Value by Flood Zone, 2014
Flood Zone
Total Appraised Value
Zone A
$149,895,356.00
Zone AE
$473,599,465.00
Zone AH
$103,370,759.00
Zone X
$4,124,761,486.00
Grand Total
$4,851,627,066.00
'of the 100 Year Floodplaln
Source: Seminole County GIS Dept.
Lake Mary has over $4,851,627,066 dollars in property value that could be exposed to
flood damage. Flood Zone A accounts for three percent of the total appraised value
found in Lake Mary. Flood Zone AE has close to ten percent of appraised value that
could be at risk in the event of flooding. In AH there is two percent of all appraised value.
85% of the appraised value is found in Flood Zone X.
Insurance Statistics
Table 3. Policy Statistics for the City of Lake Mary, as of 12/31/2013
Policies in- Force Insurance in -Force Whole Written Premiums in- Force
290 $81,821,200 $141,009
Source, FEMA
Lake Mary has 290 policies in force according to the Federal Emergency Management
Agency. The total amount coverage for these insurance policies $81,821,200, while the
premium paid for them was $141,009.
Table 4. Loss Statistics for the City of Lake Mary, as of 12/31/2013
Total Losses Closed Losses Open Losses CWOP Losses Total I
8 2 0 6 $3,015.68
Source: FEMA
Total property losses in Lake Mary are numbered at 8 properties since 1978. Losses that
had been paid in full were accounted for 2 claims and losses that had been closed
without payment (CWOP) was numbered at 6. There were no losses that had not been
paid in full (Open Losses). Total payments made to claimants since 1978 is $3,015.68.
Lake Mary Floodplain Management Profile 4
Lake Mary Floodplain Management Profile
Vulnerable Population
Vulnerable populations are those segments of the community who are Considered to be
most prone to risk in the time of hazard. 14.1 % of the population is over the age of 65.
Repetitive Loss Property
Repetitive Loss properties are defined as those properties that have been flooded on
more than one occasion. Lake Mary does not have repetitive loss properties.
In the event that properties do begin to meet that criteria then there are buy out
programs that can be initiated to purchase the property. These measures protect
residents from harm and remove development from the floodplain (Schwab, 2014).
Manufactured Homes
Lake Mary is limited in the number of manufactured homes located throughout its
boundaries.
For those manufactured homes located in the Special Flood Hazard (SFHA) mitigation
policies that reduce flood damage include elevating the foundation to or at above the
base flood elevation (BFE).
Manufactured homes must also be anchored to a foundation system to prevent floatation
or varying forms of movements.
Figure 6. Manufactured Home Foundations
Chassis are the steel frames of manufactured homes. Block piers and anchors are building
methods utilized to mitigate flood damage.
Lake Mary Floodplain Management Profile 5
Lake Mary Floodplain Management Profile
Critical Facilities
Critical facilities are defined as those facilities that provide a critical function and should
be protected from flood damage. Seminole County has identified 16 critical facilities
throughout Lake Mary and the emergency function they provide in times of crisis. No
facility is located in the Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA).
Lake Mary Floodplain Management Profile 6
Lake Mary Floodplain Management Profile
Mitigation Measures
Mitigation is the effort to reduce loss of life and property by lessening the impact of
disasters (FEMA). The policies adopted by Lake Mary work to achieve these objectives
and prevent flood damage. This community profile analyzes mitigation policies including
Future Land Use, Environmental Efforts, Stormwater Management, and Building
Practices all identified through the city's Comprehensive Plan and Land Development
Code. Lake Mary is an active member of the Local Mitigation Strategy and works to
make sure all plans are up to date.
Future Land Use
An analysis of the Future Land Use Map by Flood Zone for the City of Lake Mary is
aggregated below by percentage of total acreage in the flood zone. This analysis reflects
the potential hazards that come with planning for growth in flood prone areas.
Table 5. Flood Zone A by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Lake Mary Future Land Use
Percentage of Acres, %
Flood Zone A
1.87
COM- Commercial
21.45
LDR- Low Density Residential
17.53
IND- Industrial
14.31
REC- Recreation
10.57
PUB- Public/ Semi- Public
8.00
HIPTI- High Intensity Planned Development
6.18
RCOM- Restricted Commercial
6.00
HDR- High Density Residential
4.58
DDD- Downtown Development District
3.75
MDR- Medium Density Residential
2.53
RR- Rural Residential
1.96
OFF- Office
1.68
LMDR- Low/ Medium Density Residential
1.43
Source: Seminole County GIS Dept.
Commercial is the largest future planned use for Flood Zone A with 21.54% of the total
percentage of acreage. The second largest planned use is Low Density Residential at
17.53 %. Industrial comprises 14.31% and Recreation consists of 10.57% of the total
percentage acreage. Public and Semi Public is eight percent and High Intensity Planned
Development is 6.18 %. Restricted Commercial and High Density Residential are six
percent and 4.58 %. The remaining future uses account for 11.35% of the flood zone.
Lake Mary Floodplain Management Profile 7
Lake Mary Floodplain Management Profile
Table 5. Flood Zone AE by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Lake Mary Future Land Use
Percentage of Acres, %
Flood Zone AE
11.86
LDR- Low Density Residential
33.00
RR- Rural Residential
25.65
REC- Recreation
16.14
LMDR- Low/ Medium Density Residential
8.38
MDR- Medium Density Residential
6.00
PUB- Public/ Semi- Public
3.59
COM- Commercial
3.26
IND- Industrial
1.49
OFF- Office
0.78
DDD- Downtown Development District
0.71
RCOM- Restricted Commercial
0.61
HDR- High Density Residential
0.36
Source: Seminole County GIs Dept.
Low Density Residential accounts for 33% of the total percentage of acreage in Flood
Zone AE. Rural Residential comprises 25.65% of future land use. Recreation is planned
for 16.14% of the flood zone. Low/ Medium Density Residential accounts for 8.38% of
the planned future use in Lake Mary. Public and Semi Public future use makes up
3.59 %; Commercial is 3.26 %. The remaining categories account for the last 3.95% of
the future land use in Lake Mary.
Table 6. Flood Zone AH by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Lake Mary Future Land Use
Percentage of Acres, %
Flood Zone AH
1.20
LDR- Low Density Residential
74.37
IND- Industrial
18.27
COM- Commercial
4.94
PUB- Public/ Semi- Public
2.35
RCOM- Restricted Commercial
0.06
Source: Seminole County CIS Dept.
Flood Zone AH is dominated by Low Density Residential future use at 74.37% of the
total percentage of acreage. The next largest category is Industrial at 18.27 %.
Commercial accounts for 4.94% of future land use. Public/ Semi- Public and Restricted
Commercial compete the future make- up with 2.35% and 0.06 %.
Lake Mary Floodplain Management Profile 8
Lake Mary Floodplain Management Profile
Table 6. Flood Zone X by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Lake Mary Future Land Use
Percentage of Acres, %
Flood Zone X
85.07
LDR- Low Density Residential
25.88
IND- Industrial
15,33
COM- Commercial
12.02
LMDR- Low/ Medium Density Residential
8.10
RR- Rural Residential
7.71
MDR- Medium Density Residential
6.96
PUB- Public/ Semi- Public
4.48
REC- Recreation
4.16
RCOM- Restricted Commercial
3.56
HDR- High Density Residential
3.47
DDD- Downtown Development District
3.14
HIPTI- High Intensity Planned Development
2.93
OFF- Office
2.19
Source: Seminole Crnmty GIS Dept.
In Lake Mary Low Density Residential accounts for 25.88% of the total percentage of
acreage in Flood Zone X. The next largest future land use category is Industrial with
15.33 %. Commercial accounts for 12.02% of the total future land use in Flood Zone X.
Rural Residential is 7.71 %of the total make- up. Medium Density Residential and
Public /Semi Public account for 6.96% and 4.48 %. Restricted Commercial is 3.56% of the
total percentage of acreage for Flood Zone X. The remaining future land uses account
for 11.73% of the total make- up.
Figure 7. Future Land Use and Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA)
Lake Mary Floodplain Management Profile 9
Lake Mary Floodplain Management Profile
Environmental Efforts
Environmental policies are a means to
which a municipality values its natural
heritage. Best practices in Floodplain
Management mitigation include
preserving natural areas located in
floodplains or directing open space/
recreation uses towards them.
Lake Mary has multiple policies to
protect the shorelines, flood hazard
areas, watercourses, and natural
wetlands to help create natural flood
mitigation.
By doing this, Lake Mary believes they
can minimize flood damage, keep a
stable tax base, and minimize the
amount of future projects needed to
protect against floods. The city abides to
the requirements set in the Tile 44
Code.
Figure 8. Wetlands in Lake Mary
Erosion and Sedimentation Figure 9. Shore erosion in Lake Mary
The city's comprehensive plan sets
objectives to protect minerals, soils and
vegetation. These policies protect
bodies of water and wetlands from
siltation.
The City of Lake Mary tries to manage
dredging, mining, paving, grading, filling,
and drilling to protect against erosion in
the city.
Stormwater Management
Stormwater management practices are
an essential component in mitigating
flood damage. Policies enacted at the
municipal level are essential in
controlling stormwater run- off to create
minimal damage impact on property.
Lake Mary has plenty of retention ponds
and drainage facilities to manage run-
off.
Lake Mary Floodplain Management Profile 10
Lake Mary Floodplain Management Profile
Recently, Lake Mary raised stormwater
fees to make sure the fund doesn't dry
up and money is set aside to fix drains
and other facilities.
Building Practices
Building Practices are essential in
mitigating flood damage to structures
located in flood prone zones. There are
different practices that help protect
property and citizens
Lake Mary mandates that new
residential and non- residential
construction or substantial
improvements to existing ones should
have their lowest finished floor including
basement elevated to at a foot and a
half above the base flood elevation
(BFE).
In areas delineated on the FIRM and
base flood elevation (BFE), Flood Plain
Administrators must follow certain steps.
They must try to find any flood data from
state and federal governments. When
information can't be found, the structure
must be built three and a half feet above
the tallest adjacent ground.
When a developer wants to build in a
regulatory floodway, an analysis must
take place in order to prove the base
flood elevation (BFE) won't rise.
Structures must be built to minimize or
eliminate flood damage. There must be
enough drainage to reduce flooding.
Figure 10. House elevation
This house in Lake Mary that has been built
above the base flood elevation (BFE). As
you can see, the house has been built on
stilts to keep it from flooding, a common
technique of dry floodproofing.
Lake Mary Floodplain Management Profile 11
Lake Mary Floodplain Management Profile
Goal 1: Develop policies and regulation to support effective floodplain management.
Objective 1.1- Develop and enforce land use policies, plans and regulations to
discourage or prohibit inappropriate location of structures or infrastructure
components in areas of high risk to flooding
Objective 1.2- Participate fully in the National Flood Insurance Program and the
associated Community Rating System.
Objective 1.3- Develop and enforce building and land development codes that
are effective in addressing the flooding hazards threatening the community.
Objective 1.4- Establish and enforce regulations to ensure that public and private
property maintenance is consistent with minimizing vulnerabilities to flooding.
Goal 2: Work in conjunction with the County and other local governments to create and
support floodplain management throughout the county.
Objective 2.1- Participate fully in the countywide Floodplain Management Plan
and associated Floodplain Management Team working group.
Objective 2.2- Coordinate with the County and other local government agencies
to develop and administer outreach programs to gain participation in mitigation
programs by business, industry, institutions and community groups.
Objective 2.3- Comply with interagency agreements and collaborate with the
County and other local governments to improve multi - jurisdiction / multi- agency
coordination
Lake Mary Floodplain Management Profile 12
Longwood Floodplain Management Profile
Introduction
Overview
The City of Longwood was incorporated
in 1923 in Seminole County. It is
centrally located in the county, bordered
by the City of Altamonte Springs to the
south, City of Lake Mary to the north,
the Cities of Winters Spring and
Casselberry to the east and
unincorporated Seminole County to its
west. Longwood covers 5.45 square
miles. The city is the smallest
municipality with respect to geographic
size and has a population of 13,657
inhabitants.
Involvement with the National Flood
Insurance Program (NFIP)
Longwood became eligible for the
National Flood Insurance Program's
(NFIP) Community Rating System
(CRS) on October 1, 1996. The
municipality ranked in classes ten,
receiving 0- 499 Credit Points (cT)
during its classification.
The discount percentage for Special
Flood Hazard (SFHA) and the percent
discount for non Special Flood Hazard
Area (SFHA) was zero percent. The
city's participation in the program was
rescinded October 1. 2010.
Figure 1. City of Longwood
Source: Seminole County GIs Dept
Figure 2. Flood Inundated Streets
Longwood Floodplain Management Profile 1
Longwood Floodplain Management Profile
Risk Assessment
Communities must address four components when assessing risk. They are identifying
hazards, profiling hazard events, inventorying assets, and estimating loss. This process
measures the potential loss of life, personal injury, economic injury, and property
damage resulting from natural hazards by assessing the vulnerability of people,
buildings, and infrastructure to natural hazards (FEMA). This section of the community
profile assesses the potential of risk with respect to floodplain management in
Longwood. There are six categories that address the four components identified in risk
assessment as defined through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA):
identifying flood zones within the city, surface water locations, property value within each
flood zone, insurance statistics, vulnerable populations, and critical facilities.
FEMA Flood Zones
Figure 3. FEMA Flood Zone, Percentage of Acreage for the City of Longwood, 2013, Non - Submerged Acres
P 02 M. Annual Chance
Hazard*
■ 2one A
at Zane At
Zane AN
E Zone M
'Of the 100 Year Flood Source: Seminole County GIs Dept
Figure 3 shows the percentage of non- submerged acreage found within Longwood. The
0.2 percent Annual Chance Flood Hazard of the 100 Year Floodplain accounts for 0.77%
of the total percentage of non- submerged acreage. Non- submerged acreage refers to
land not inundated by surface water. Much of the land coverage for this flood zone can
be found in the surrounding outliers of Lake Wildmere, Island Lake, and Fairy Lake, as
well as portions in the central part of the city. The largest percentage of this acreage is
found in the northern portion of the city by Lake Katherine and along the flood way
situated towards Gee Creek. Flood Zone A accounts for 2.94% of total percentage, 87%
Longwood Floodplain Management Profile 2
Longwood Floodplain Management Profile
of this flood zone can be located in the southern portions of Longwood. Flood Zone AE
is 8.70% of the total acreage Close to a third of the total acreage of that zone is located
in the north central part of the municipality Flood Zone AH is the least prevalent zone at
1.87 %. Flood Zone X is the most prevalent at 87.51%.
Surface Water
Table 1. Percentage of Total Surface Water
Surface Water Name Percentage, %
Total Surface Water 9.5
Island Lake 39.1
Fairy Lake 15.5
Lake Wild me re 10.1
Source: Seminole County GIS
Dept.
There are 19 bodies of surface water
located in Longwood. Surface water
accounts for 9.5% of the total land
make— up. Table 1 displays the three
largest bodies of water and their
percentage of total surface water in
Longwood.
All bodies of water are located in or
within close proximity of the Special
Flood Hazard Area (SFHA).
Rock Lake is the only body of water in
the City of Longwood that presently
does not have a discharge outlet.
Island Lake is the largest body of
surface water accounting for 39.1% of
the total surface water make- up. The
lake is located in the southwest section
of Longwood.
The next largest body of water is Fairy
Lake, which makes up 14.3% of the total
surface water.
The third largest body of water is Lake
Wildmere making up 11.5% of the total
surface water in Longwood.
Figure 4. Island Lake, Aerial View
Longwood Floodplain Management Profile 3
Longwood Floodplain Management Profile
Property Value
Table 2. Total Appraised Value by Flood Zone, 2014
Flood Zone Total Appraised Value
Zone A
Zone AE
Zone AH
Zone X
Grand Total
'of the 100 Year Floodplain
$52,038,481
$80,747,661
$170,163,144
$455,690
$1,075,562,815
$1,378,967,791
Source: Seminole County GIS Dept
Longwood has over 1.3 billion dollars in appraised value that could be vulnerable to
flood risk damage. The largest property value risk is found in Flood Zone X, 78 %. Flood
Zone AE accounts for the second largest appraised value that could be vulnerable to
flood risk damage at 12% of the total value of Longwood. The following most notable
zone for risk to property value is Flood Zone A at 5.8 %. The remaining Flood Zones
account for close to 58 million dollars worth of property value.
Insurance Policies
Table 3. Insurance Policies In -Force
Policies In- Force Insurance in -Force Written Premiums in- Force
251 $68,783,300 $167,409
Source: FEMA
Longwood has 251 insurance policies in force according to the Federal Emergency
Management Agency. The total coverage amount for these insurance policies is
$68,783,300, while the premium paid for them is $167,409.
Table 4. Loss Statistics for the City of Longwood, as of 12/31/2013
Total Losses Closed Losses Open Losses CWOP Losses Total
Source, FFMA
Total property losses in Longwood are numbered at 25 properties since 1978. Losses that had
been paid in full accounted for nine claims and losses that had been closed without payment
(CWOP) were counted at 16 claims. Total payments made to claimants since 1978 is numbered
at $154,127.05.
Longwood Floodplain Management Profile 4
Longwood Floodplain Management Profile
Vulnerable Population
Vulnerable populations are those segments of the community who are considered to be most
prone to risk in the time of hazard. 16.4% of the population are over the age of 65.
Repetitive Loss Property
Repetitive Loss properties are defined as those properties that have been flooded on more than
one occasion. Longwood does not have repetitive loss properties. In the event that properties
do begin to meet that criteria then there are buy out programs that can be initiated to purchase
the property. These measures protect residents from harm and remove development from the
floodplain (Schwab, 2014).
Manufactured Homes
Figure 5. Manufactured Home Foundations
Chassis are the steel frames of manufactured homes. Block piers and anchors are building methods
utilized to mitigate flood damage.
There are limited numbers of manufactured homes located in Longwood. The City's Land
Development Code sets standards for these forms of residencies. For those manufactured
homes located in the Special Flood Hazard (SFHA) there are mitigation policies that reduce
flood damage include elevating the foundation to one foot above the base flood elevation (BFE).
Manufactured homes must also be anchored to a foundation system to prevent flotation or
varying forms of movement.
Longwood Floodplain Management Profile 5
Longwood Floodplain Management Profile
Critical Facilities
Critical facilities are defined as those facilities that provide a critical function and should
be protected from flood damage. Seminole County has identified 11 critical facilities
throughout Longwood and the emergency function they provide in times of crisis. No
facilities are located in the Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA).
Longwood Floodplain Management Profile 6
Longwood Floodplain Management Profile
Mitigation Measures
Future Land Use
An analysis of the Future Land Use Map by Flood Zone (non- submerged acres) for the
City of Longwood is aggregated below. This analysis reflects the hazards that come with
developing in flood prone areas.
Table 5. 0.2 Percent Annual Chance Flood Hazard* by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Longwood Future Land Use
Percentage of Acres, %
0.2 Pct. Annual Chance Flood Hazard*
0.77
LDR- Low Density Residential
46.12
IMU- Infill and Mixed Use
19.47
CON- Conservation
11.43
IND- Industrial
10.36
NCMU- Neighborhood Commercial Mixed- Use
8.54
MDR- Medium Density Residential
4.04
"of the 100 Year Flood
Source: Seminole county GIS Dept
In Longwood, 46.12% of the total percentage of acreage for the 0.2 Percent Annual
Chance Hazard of the 100 -year flood is planned for Low Density Residential. The
second largest future use for the zone is Infill and Mixed- Use at 19.47 %. Conservation
use is planned for 11.43% of total use followed by Industrial at 10.36 %. Neighborhood
Commercial Mixed- Use and Medium Density Residential complete the remaining future
use.
Table 6. Flood Zone A by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Longwood Future Land Use Percentage of Acres, %
Flood Zone A 2.94
IND- Industrial 43.93
MDR- Medium Density Residential 32.07
CON- Conservation 16.73
P /I- Public/ Institutional 3.77
IMU- Infill and Mixed Use 1.65
Source: Seminole County GIS Dept.
Future land use for Flood Zone A is dominated by Industrial at 43.93% and Medium
Density Residential at 32.07 %. Conservation is the third most prevalent use at 16.73 %.
Public /Institutional and Infill and Mixed- Use complete the remaining future of zone A at
3.77% and 1.65 %.
Longwood Floodplain Management Profile 7
Longwood Floodplain Management Profile
Table 7. Flood Zone AE by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Longwood Future Land Use
Percentage of Acres, %
Flood Zone AE
8.70
LDR- Low Density Residential
37.10
CON- Conservation
31.15
IMU- Infill and Mixed Use
10.69
MDR- Medium Density Residential
5.14
Water
4.64
IND- Industrial
4.12
HV Overlay
2.86
P /1- Public/ Institutional
1.85
NCMU- Neighborhood Commercial Mixed- Use
1.64
DH- Downtown Historic
0.78
Source. Seminole County GIs Dept
Low- Density Residential accounts for 37.10% of the total percentage of acreage for
zone AE. Conservation is planned for 31.15% of the future use. The third most
prevalent future use is Infill and Mixed Use. The remaining future uses in Table 6
complete the composition of zone AE.
Table 8. Flood Zone AH by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Future Land Use
of Acres, %
LDR- Low Density Residential 100.00
Source: Seminole County GIS Dept
Flood Zone AH's sole future use is planned for Low Density Residential.
Table 9. Flood Zone X by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Longwood Future Land Use
Percentage of Acres, %
Flood Zone X
87.51
LDR- Low Density Residential
35.67
IMU- Infill and Mixed Use
21.43
IND- Industrial
13.32
MDR- Medium Density Residential
8.54
P /1- Public/ Institutional
5.74
HV Overlay
4.21
CON - Conservation
3.73
DH- Downtown Historic
2.89
NCMU- Neighborhood Commercial Mixed- Use
2.51
Water
1.91
Source: Seminole County GIs Dept.
Longwood Floodplain Management Profile 8
Longwood Floodplain Management Profile
Low- Density Residential is planned for 35.67% of the total future use for Flood Zone X.
The next largest future use is Infill and Mixed Use at 21.43 %. Industrial accounts for
13.32% and Medium Density Residential composes 8.54% of the total future use. The
remaining future uses found in Table 8 complete the future land use make- up.
Figure 6. Future Land Use and Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA)
Longwood Floodplain Management Profile 9
Longwood Floodplain Management Profile
Environmental Efforts
Environmental policies are a means to
which a municipality values its natural
heritage. Best practices in Floodplain
Management mitigation include preserving
natural areas located in floodplains or
directing open space /recreation uses
towards them.
Longwood's policies require that natural
functions of wetlands and floodplains be
protected. Land use restrictions have been
implemented on the specific use of
floodplains. These include, limits on natural
vegetation removal and limitations on
intensities and densities of development.
All development affecting wetlands in
Longwood that have been identified in the
Comprehensive Plan Goals shall fall into
their respected requirements.
It is Longwood's goal to avoid any wetland
impact.
There shall always be at least 20 feet
between development and wetlands.
Erosion and Sedimentation Control
The city's comprehensive plan sets
objectives to protect minerals, soils and
vegetation. These policies protect bodies of
water and wetlands from siltation.
Figure 7. Protected wetland in Longwood
Figure 8. Building near water
This image shows a barrier between a shoreline
and the development near the water.
Longwood Floodplain Management Profile 10
Longwood Floodplain Management Profile
Longwood prohibits development where
public safety can be interrupted due to
erosion.
Areas with indigenous vegetation are used
to protect shorelines. It is required that 25
feet of vegetation must be in between
shores and development.
Stormwater Management
Stormwater management practices are an
essential component in mitigating flood
damage. Policies enacted at the municipal
level are essential in controlling stormwater
run -off to create minimal damage impact on
property.
Longwood tries to use 'Best management
practice" when it comes to managing
stormwater.
This means that the best practice is usually
a combination of different practices to better
reduce damage and water pollution.
Stormwater may also be discharged into
natural or manmade drainage facilities.
There are many retention ponds in the city
to collect storm water.
Non - residential areas can reuse stormwater
and collect it in ponds, reservoirs, or
cisterns for irrigation.
Figure 9. Vegetation barrier
Vegetation barrier between a shoreline and
development.
Figure 10. Storm retention pond
Storm retention pond in the City of Longwood.
Longwood Floodplain Management Profile 11
Longwood Floodplain Management Profile
Building Practices
Building Practices are essential in mitigating
flood damage to structures located in flood
prone zones. There are different practices
that help protect property and citizens.
Longwood mandates that new residential
and non - residential construction or
substantial improvements to existing ones
should have their lowest floor including
basement elevated to at least one foot (1)
above the base flood elevation (BFE).
Buildings where there is an enclosed area
below the lowest floor elevation are required
to be designed for the entry and exit of
floodwater. Dry floodproofing techniques
such as these reduce damage from flooding
while allowing waters to enter the structure.
Most forms of development in the floodway
are prohibited unless certification is by a
professional engineer is issued stating that
the development will result in no increase in
flood levels.
Standards for subdivisions are required to
build utilities that minimize flood damage
and must provide adequate drainage.
Longwood has standards in place to
balance the needs of the development
community with the protection of sensitive
areas.
All buildings must be at least 20 feet away
from the shorelines.
A permit is required to clear 1,000 square
miles of shoreline vegetation.
Figure 11. Building practices
This is a foundation being built above the base
flood elevation. As you can see, the building is
raised a foot higher than the ground.
Longwood Floodplain Management Profile 12
Longwood Floodplain Management Profile
Responsible party Deadline
Goal 1: Update the City's stormwater master plan that was originally developed circa 1979.
Objective 1.1- Phase 1: Aerial Mapping
Objective 1.2- 2A: Drainage Structure Inventory
Goal 2: Improve flood protection within the City.
Completed in December 2010
Completed in March 2011
Objective 1.1- - Phase IV: Stormwater Capital Improvement Program (CIP)
Underway
Longwood Floodplain Management Profile 13
Oviedo Floodplain Management Profile
Introduction
Overview
The City of Oviedo was incorporated in
1925 in Seminole County, FL. It is
located in the southern portion of the
county, bordered by Orange County to
the south, the City of Winter Springs to
the west and rural unincorporated
Seminole County to the north and east.
The city currently covers 16 square
miles. The current population is 34,965
people.
Involvement with the National
Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)
Oviedo became eligible for the National
Flood Insurance Program's (NFIP)
Community Rating System (CRS) on
October 1. 2008.
The municipality is currently ranked in
class six. Class six implies that Oviedo
received 2,000- 2,499 Credit Points (cT)
during its classification. The discount
percentage for Special Flood Hazard
Areas (SFHA) is 20% while the percent
discount for non - Special Flood Hazard
Area (SFHA) is 10 %. This classification
within the NFIP is held until October 01,
2018 and subject to further reviews.
Figure 1. City of Oviedo
Figure 2. Flood Damage
Oviedo Floodplain Management Profile
Risk Assessment
Communities must address four components when assessing risk. They are identifying
hazards, profiling hazard events, inventorying assets, and estimating loss. This process
measures the potential loss of life, personal injury, economic injury, and property
damage resulting from natural hazards by assessing the vulnerability of people,
buildings, and infrastructure to natural hazards (FEMA). This section of the community
profile assesses the potential of risk with respect to floodplain management in Oviedo.
There are six categories that address the four components identified in risk assessment
as defined through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA): identifying
flood zones within the city, surface water locations, property value within each flood
zone, insurance statistics, vulnerable populations, and critical facilities.
FEMA Flood Zones
Figure 3. FEMA Flood Zone, Percentage of Acreage for the City of Oviedo, 2013, Non - Submerged Acres
� 0.2 Pct_ of the Annual
Ghanca Flood*
Zone A
■ZarneAE
•ZoneAH
Source: Seminole County GIS
U Zone X
*of the 100 Year Flood
Figure 3 shows that the percentage of non- submerged acreage found in the 0.2 percent
Annual Chance Flood of the 100 Year Floodplain; 0.06 %. Non- submerged acreage
refers to land not inundated by surface water. The largest quantity of that acreage is
found in the southeast corner of the city on the edges of Horse Shoe Lake, with over five
acres. Flood Zone A accounts for 6.52% acres of the municipality. Over 200 acres of this
zone is located in the southwest corner and the second largest allocation of Flood Zone
A accounts for over 190 acres located in the southeast portion in proximity to Horse
Shoe Lake. Flood Zone AE accounts for over 15.57% of the total. Over 88% of Flood
Zone AE is found in the floodway running in tandem with the Little Econlockhatchee and
Econlockhatchee River. Flood Zone AH accounts for 0.49% of the total acreage. Flood
Zone X has moderate to minimal risk of flooding and accounts for over 77% of the total
acreage of Oviedo.
Oviedo Floodplain Management Profile
Oviedo Floodplain Management Profile
Surface Water
Table 1. Percentage of Total Surface Water
Surface Water Name Percentage, %
Econlockhatchee River 44.8
Horseshoe North Lake 13.3
Little Econlockhatchee River 7.4
Source; Seminole County GIS Dept.
Figure 4. Econlockhatchee River
Figure 5. Horseshoe North Lake
There are 19 bodies of surface water
that are located throughout Oviedo and
they cover close to 5% of the total land
use; all located within the Special Flood
Hazard Area (SFHA). Table 1 displays
the three largest bodies of water and
their percentage of total surface water in
Oviedo.
The vast majority of these lakes are
closed basin lakes with no outlets.
Rainfall causes closed basin lakes to
rise faster than drain. The result is a
variation in water elevation that can lead
to flooding.
The largest surface water in Oviedo is
the Econlockhatchee River, which is
located in the eastern portion of the city.
It consists of 44.8% of the total surface
water.
Horseshoe North Lake accounts for
13.3% of the total surface water and is
located in the southeast area of Oviedo.
The third largest body of surface water
is the Little Econlockhatchee River,
which covers 7.4 %. This river is also
found in the eastern area of the city.
Oviedo Floodplain Management Profile
Property Value
Table 2. Total Appraised Value by Flood Zone, 2014
Flood Zone Total Appraised Value
Zone A
$196,289,664.00
Zone AE
$208,256,476.00
Zone AH
$6,614,284.00
Zone X
$2,623,084,524.00
(Grand Total
3,048,456,808.00
'of the 100 Year Flood
source: Seminole county Gilts Dept.
Oviedo has over three billion dollars in appraised property value that could be vulnerable
to flood risk damage. While close to 86% of the appraised property value is found in
Flood Zone X. It is important to note that over half a billion dollars in property value is
found in the Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA).
Flood Insurance
Table 3. Policy Statistics for the City of Oviedo, as of 12/31/2013
Policies in- Force Insurance in -Force Whole Written Premiums in- Farce
698 $199,092,900 $292,680
Source: FEMA
Oviedo has 698 insurance policies in force according to the Federal Emergency
Management Agency. Total property losses in Oviedo are numbered at 34 properties
since 1978. The total coverage amount for these insurance policies is $199,092,900.00,
while the premium paid for them is $ 292,680.00
Table 4. Loss Statistics for the City of Oviedo, as of 12/31/2013
Total Losses Closed Losses Open Losses CWOP Losses Total
Source: FEMA
Losses that had been paid in full accounted for 17 claims and losses that had been
closed without payment (CWOP) were counted at 17 claims. There were no losses that
had not been paid in full (Open Losses). Total payments made to claimants since 1978
is numbered at $125,372.67.
Oviedo Floodplain Management Profile 4
Oviedo Floodplain Management Profile
Vulnerable Population
Vulnerable populations are those segments of the community who are considered to be
most prone to risk in the time of hazard. 7.4% of the population is over the age of 65.
Repetitive Loss Property
Repetitive Loss properties are defined as those properties that have been flooded on
more than one occasion. Oviedo does not have repetitive loss properties.
In the event that properties do begin to meet that criteria then there are buy out
programs that can be initiated to purchase the property. These measures protect
residents from harm and remove development from the floodplain (Schwab, 2014).
Manufactured Homes
Oviedo is limited in the number of manufactured homes located throughout its
boundaries; there is one mobile home park in Oviedo and it is located in Flood Zone A.
Manufactured homes located within the flood hazard zones must be comply with
construction practices including elevation requirements and adequate anchored
foundations.
Critical Facilities
There are 20 critical facilities found in Oviedo. None of these facilities are located in the
SFHA
Oviedo Floodplain Management Profile 5
Mitigation Measures
Future Land Use
An analysis of the Future Land Use Map by Flood Zone (non- submerged acres) for the
City of Oviedo is aggregated below. This analysis reflects the hazards that come with
developing in flood prone areas.
Table 5.2 Percent Annual Chance Flood Hazard* by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Oviedo Future Land Use Percentage of Acres, %
0.2 Pct. Annual Chance Flood Hazard* 0.06
PLU- Planned Unit Development 78.16
LDR- Low Density Residential 12.89
RL- Rural 8.93
.of the 100 Year Flood Source: Seminole County GIS Dept
In Oviedo 78.16% of the total Future Land Use in the 0.2 Percent Annual Chance Flood
Hazard is planned for Planned Unit Development (PLU). The remaining acreage is
planned Low Density Residential (LDR), 12.89% and Rural (RL) at 8.93 %.
Table 6. Flood Zone A by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Oviedo Future Land Use
C- Conservation
PLU- Planned Unit Development
RL- Rural
LDR- Low Density Residential Seminol CO
CM- Commercial
LDR- Low Density Residential
IN- Industrial
MDR- Medium Density Residential
OFF- Office
LDR -T- Low Density Residential Transitional
P- Public
of Acres, %
37.57
26.23
9.81
8.51
6.11
4.28
2.45
2.35
1.25
0.48
0.41
Source. Seminole County GIS Dept.
Flood Zone A accounts for 6.52% of the total non- submerged acreage in Oviedo. The
breakdown of this Flood Zone shows that 37.57% of the Future Land Use is planned for
Conservation (C) and 26.23% in the Flood Zone is zoned for Planned Unit Development
(PLU). The next largest aggregated Future Planned Uses are Rural (R) and Low -
Density Residential (LDR). Medium Density Residential (MDR) accounts for 2.35%
percent of the Total Future Land Use Acreage. Those residents residing in Low- Density
and Medium Density Residential Uses are most at risk for flood prone hazard.
Oviedo Floodplain Management Profile 6
Oviedo Floodplain Management Profile
Table 7. Flood Zone AH by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Oviedo Future Land Use
DMU- Downtown Mixed- Use District
MDR- Medium Density Residential
CM- Commercial
PLU- Planned Unit Development
LDR- Low Density Residential
of Acres, %
40.48
30.23
17.45
10.58
1.22
Source: Seminole County GIs Dept.
The Downtown Mixed- Use District attributes to the highest total percentage of acreage
for Zone AH at 40.48.The second largest make- up is Medium Density Residential
(MDR) at 30.23 percent. The remaining Future Land Use uses account for 30 percent of
the Flood Zone including Commercial (CM) at 17.45 %, Planned Unit Development (PLU)
at 10.58 %, and Low- Density Residential (LDR) at 1.2 %.
Table 8. Flood Zone AE by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Oviedo Future Land Use
C- Conservation
PLU- Planned Unit Development
LDR- Low Density Residential
P- Public
DMU- Downtown Mixed- Use District
RL- Rural
MDR- Medium Density Residential
CONS
OFF- Office
CM- Commercial
LDR -T- Low Density Residential Transitional
of Acres, %
62.83
18.29
10.41
3.54
1.51
0.74
0.82
0.65
0.52
0.33
0.30
Source: Seminole County GIs Dept.
Flood Zone AE shows that over 62 % of the land use is planned for Conservation (C).
The next largest planned categorization is for Planned Unit Development (PLU), 18.29 %,
followed by Low- Density Residential (LDR) at 10.41%. The remaining Future Land Uses
account for nine percent of the total acreage.
Table 9. Flood Zone X by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Oviedo Floodplain Management Profile 7
Oviedo Floodplain Management Profile
Oviedo Future Land Use
Percentage of Acres, %
Flood Zone X
77.36
PLU- Planned Unit Development
28.67
LDR- Low Density Residential
21.12
C- Conservation
9.80
CM- Commercial
6.68
P- Public
6.66
DMU- Downtown Mixed- Use District
6.01
MDR- Medium Density Residential
5.04
RL- Rural
4.14
OFF- Office
2.86
LDR -T- Low Density Residential Transitional
2.15
IN- Industrial
1.80
LDR * - Low Density Residential Seminol CO
1.75
LDR * - Low Density Residential Seminol CO
1.75
Source: Seminole County GIS Dept.
The largest percentage of acres in Flood Zone X in Oviedo is Planned Unit Development
(PLU) at 28.67 %. The next largest percentage of acreage is 21.12% with Low Density
Residential. These two future land uses account for nearly half of the Flood Zone make-
up. The conservation future use designation is the next notable make— up with 9.80 %,
followed by Commercial at 6.68% and Public at 6.66 %. The remaining future uses
account for a quarter of the total aggregation.
Figure 6. Future Land Use and Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA)
Oviedo Floodplain Management Profile 8
Oviedo Floodplain Management Profile
Environmental Efforts
Oviedo prohibits construction within the
floodway that would diminish the
functional floodway capacity.
An analysis of the Future Land Use Map
found in Section 2.2 found that 37% of
Future Use is designated for
Conservation in Flood Zone A and over
62% in Flood Zone AE. There is no
conservation found in the Future Land
Use for Flood Zone AH. As mentioned,
these zones are part of the Special
Flood Hazard Area (SFHA).
Municipal policies intended towards
minimizing potential flood damage is
achieved through directing recreation,
conservation and common open space
to those areas within the Flood Zone.
This restricts development to occur
outside the 100 Year Floodplain, which
creates clusters of residential
developments.
Erosion and Sediment Control
Oviedo's mitigation policies are intended
to minimize erosion and control
sedimentation. Construction projects
associated with the development order
application are required to submit an
erosion and sediment control plan to
ensure that certain measures are
properly addressed. These measures
are also required to follow through with
state environmental standards.
Mitigation policies intended to support
minimizing erosion and controlling
sedimentation include leaving steep
slopes and wetlands undisturbed
and promoting natural vegetative
cover.
The benefits included in these policies
include but are not limited to reducing
the velocity of run -off and increasing
infiltration into the soil.' Other policies
identified to control sedimentation from
construction sites are practicing run- off
control measures and sediment trapping
measures.
Figure 7. Econ Corridor Project
The Econ Corridor Project is a conservation
effort to protect environmentally sensitive
lands. These form of mitigation policies
prevent development in flood prone area
1 Section 10.2 Drainage and Stormwater
Management and Erosion Control, Article X.
Floodways, Floodplains, Drainage, and
Erosion of Oviedo's Land Development Code
Oviedo Floodplain Management Profile 9
Oviedo Floodplain Management Profile
Stormwater Management
Stormwater run— off is an essential
component in helping to mitigate flood
damage. Figure 4 illustrates storm water
management policy process found in
Oviedo's Land Development Code.
Oviedo requires that development
adhere to the natural drainage system.
This policy promotes conservation
efforts to protect wetlands throughout
the city. The functions of these natural
resources are to retain and filtrate water.
Performance and design standards for
stormwater management are found in
Oviedo's Engineering Standards
Manual. These standards are directed
toward implementing effective policies
that help circumvent extensive damage
in the event of severe stormwater
flooding.
Performance standards include
implementing best management
practices requiring the
retention /detention of stormwater,
managing discharge levels and
protecting water quality.
Design standards include proper
maintenance, having accessible
entrance channels, and designing under
drain systems for the purpose of
removing stormwater.
Figure 8. Oviedo Drainage and Stormwater
Management & Erosion Control
Drainage and Stormwater
Management and Erosion
Control
Natural Dra „cage
System
Wetland Protection
Oviedo Floodplain Management Profile 10
Oviedo Floodplain Management Profile
Building Practices
Oviedo building practices mandate that
developments orders or permits cannot
be issued within floodplains until
development adheres to certain goals.
These goals include that all
developments and all public facilities are
located and constructed to minimize or
eliminate flood damage and that
adequate drainage is provided.
As annotated earlier, no new
construction is permitted in the
floodway.
Construction in the floodplain also
mandates that no new construction or
improvements take place unless the
lowest floor is elevated to no lower than
two foot above the base flood elevation
(BFE).
For non- residential buildings, Flood-
proofing techniques can be used in lieu
of elevation. These techniques are
Figure 9. FEMA Floodproofing Techniques
Firs{ nooF Door I Living Arr
Wet Floodproat
Enclosure
OPerdng5 Provtded
to Let Floodwatefs
ErTW ' - - - - - - - -
required to be certified by a professional
engineer or architect.
Floodproofing techniques identified by
the city are intended to withstand flood
depths, pressure, impact, and prevent
the passage of water in buildings below
the base flood.
Figure 7 displays several FEMA
Floodproofing techniques including,
situating the primary residence above
the Base Flood Elevation (BFE) and
elevating HVAC equipment to an upper
floor.
In subdivision regulations, final plat
approvals are not authorized unless the
boundaries of the floodplain are
identified on the plat. All new residential
and commercial structures located
within or near a Special Flood Hazard
Area are required to submit an original
Elevation Certificate to the Engineering
Department prior to a Certificate of
Occupancy being issued.
Fu rnace and Omer
Util hFs Relooa#ed to
Living Area or Ulillty
Roan AdydiEW
f Figurc F sYI}
Garage poor
Ground
Source: FEMA
Oviedo Floodplain Management Profile 11
Oviedo Floodplain Management Profile
Responsible party Deadline
City of Oviedo Annual
Goal 1: To maintain the condition of the stormwater ponds in Oviedo
Objective 1.1- Perform on -going maintenance of tributaries and canals.
Objective 1.2- Perform on -going maintenance of city wide storm water master
system.
City of Oviedo Annual
Goal 2: To maintain the quality of the street drainage facilities in Oviedo
drains.
Objective 2.1- Perform on -going maintenance of street cleaning and storm
Objective 2.2- Perform on -going maintenance of street culverts and storm water
pond inlets and outfalls.
City of Oviedo Annual
Goal 3: To improve the quality of water in Oviedo
Objective 3.1- Perform measures to further reduce pollutants from the cities MS4
systems to surface water within the incorporated limits.
Objective 3.2- Perform measures to further identify and reduce localized flash
flooding to roadways from heavy rainfall weather events and implement infrastructure
improvements when financially feasible and appropriate.
Oviedo Floodplain Management Profile 12
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile
Introduction
Overview
The City of Sanford was incorporated in
1891 in Seminole County. It is located in
the northern section of the county, with
the City of Lake Mary located to the
south and Volusia County to the north.
Unincorporated Seminole County
borders Sanford on its west and east
boundaries.
Sanford covers 22.96 square miles
making it the largest municipality within
Seminole County. The city's population
is 53,570.
Involvement with the National
Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)
Sanford has no history of participation in
the National Flood Insurance Program's
(NFIP) Community Rating System
(CRS).
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile
Figure 2.National Flood Insurance Program
NATIONAL FLOOD
INSURANCE PROGRAM
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile
Risk Assessment
Communities must address four components when assessing risk. They are identifying
hazards, profiling hazard events, inventorying assets, and estimating loss. This process
measures the potential loss of life, personal injury, economic injury, and property
damage resulting from natural hazards by assessing the vulnerability of people,
buildings, and infrastructure to natural hazards (FEMA). This section of the community
profile assesses the potential of risk with respect to floodplain management in Sanford.
There are six categories that address the four components identified in risk assessment
as defined through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA): identifying
flood zones within the city, surface water locations, property value within each flood
zone, insurance statistics, vulnerable populations, and critical facilities.
Figure 3. FEMA Flood Zone, Percentage of Acreage for the City of Sanford, 2013, Non - Submerged Acres
9 w
00.2 M. Annual Chance
flood Hazard* *of the 100 Year Flood
_ ■lane A Source: Seminole County GIs Dept
02ane AE
FBne X; 99%
0 rZone !01
Zone x
Figure 3 shows that the percentage of non- submerged acreage found in Sanford. The
0.2 percent Annual Chance Flood Hazard of the 100 Year Floodplain accounts for 0.9%
of the total percentage of non- submerged acreage. Much of this zone is located near
the banks of Lake Monroe. Non- submerged acreage refers to land not inundated by
surface water. Flood Zone A accounts for 3.6% of the total percentage of non -
submerged acres. Flood Zone AE comprises 5.7% and is predominately found in the
surrounding areas of Lake Monroe. Flood Zone AH is 0.79% of the total make- up. Flood
Zone X is 89% of the total percentage of non- submerged acres.
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile 2
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile
Surface Water
Table 1. Percentage of Total Surface Water
Surface Water Name Percentage,
Total Surface Water
6.2
Lake Monroe
53.8
Little Lake Mary
5.6
Lake Ada
5.4
There are 23 bodies of surface water
located in Sanford. Surface water
accounts for 6.2% of the total land
make— up. Table 1 displays the three
largest bodies of water and their
percentage of total surface water in
Sanford.
All bodies of water are located in or
within close proximity of the Special
Flood Hazard Area (SFHA).
The vast majority of these lakes are
closed basin lakes with no outlets.
Rainfall causes closed basin lakes to
rise faster than drain. The result is a
variation in water elevation that can lead
to flooding. Lake Monroe is a notable
exception connecting to the St. Johns
River.
Lake Monroe is the largest lake in
Sanford accounting for 53.8% of the
total surface water make up of the city.
The body of water is located to north of
the city.
Little Lake Mary is the second largest
body of water comprising 5.6% of the
total surface water and is located in the
southern section of this jurisdiction.
Lake Ada is also located in the southern
portion of Sanford. This body of water
makes up 5.4% of the total percentage
of surface water.
Source: Seminole County GIS Dept.
Figure 4. Lake Monroe, Aerial View
Figure 5. Little Lake Mary
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile 3
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile
Property Value
Table 2. Total Appraised Value by Flood Zone, 2014
Flood Zone
Zone A
Zone AE
Zone AH
Total Appraised Value
$356,266,164.00
$505,196,676.00
$21,979,736.00
Zone X $3,174,186,826.00
Grand Total $4,294,081,259.00
'of the 100 Year Floodplain
Source: Seminole Courty CIS Dept.
Sanford has over 4.2 billion dollars in appraised value that could be vulnerable to flood
risk damage. The largest property value risk is found in Flood Zone X, 74 %. Flood Zone
AE accounts for the second largest appraised value that could be vulnerable to risk at
12 %. The next most notable flood zone that has high- appraised value is A with over 356
million dollars in property value. Those properties within the 0.2 Pct. Annual Chance
Hazard of the 100 year flood have over 236 million dollars of property risk.
Insurance Policies
Table 3. Policy Statistics for the City of Sanford, as of 12/31/2013
Policies in- Force Insurance in -Force Whole Written Premiums in- Force
618 $152,232,400 $342,110
Source: FEMA
Sanford has 618 insurance policies in force according to the Federal Emergency
Management Agency. The total coverage amount for these insurance policies is
$152,232,400, while the premium paid for them averaged $343,110.
Table 4. Loss Statistics for the City of Sanford, as of 12/31/2013
Total Losses Closed Losses Open Losses CWOP Losses Total Payments
69 41 0 28 $454,772.10
Source: FEMA
Total property losses in Sanford are numbered at 69 properties since 1978. Losses that
had been paid in full accounted for accounted for 41 claims and losses that had been
closed without payment (CWOP) were totaled at 28 claims. There were no losses that
had not been paid in full. Total payments made to claimants since 1978 is valued at
$454,772.10.
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile
Vulnerable Population
Vulnerable populations are those segments of the community who are considered to be
most prone to risk in the time of hazard. 9.3% of the population is over the age of 65.
Repetitive Loss Property
Repetitive Loss Properties are defined as those properties that have been flooded on
more than one occasion. Sanford has one of these properties which are located at 2010
Lake Reservoir Rd.
In the event that properties do begin to meet that criteria then there are buy out
programs that can be initiated to purchase the property. These measures protect
residents from harm and remove development from the floodplain (Schwab, 2014).
Manufactured Homes
Figure 6. Manufactured Home Flood Hazard
Manufactured home communities, such as the one showed above in Sanford are vulnerable
populations susceptible to flood hazard without proper mitigation measures.
Sanford has a large mobile home park located in its southern jurisdiction that could be
vulnerable to flood inundation. Figure 6 illustrates the potential risk. The City's Land
Development Code sets standards for these forms of residences. Mitigation policies that
help protect flood damage to manufactured homes include setting the permanent
foundation to no lower than two feet above the base flood elevation and must have an
adequate anchored foundation system to circumvent flotation and other forms of
movement.
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile 5
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile
Critical Facilities
Critical facilities are defined as those facilities that provide a critical function and should
be protected from flood damage. Seminole County has identified 47 critical facilities
throughout Sanford and the emergency function they provide in times of crisis. No facility
is located in the Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA).
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile
Mitigation Measures
Mitigation is the effort to reduce loss of life and property by lessening the impact of
disasters (FEMA). The policies adopted by Sanford work to achieve these objectives and
prevent flood damage. This community profile analyzes mitigation policies including
Future Land Use, Environmental Efforts, Stormwater Management, and Building
Practices all identified through the city's Comprehensive Plan and Land Development
Code.
Future Land Use
An analysis of the Future Land Use Map by Flood Zone (non- submerged acres) for the
City of Sanford is aggregated below. This analysis reflects the hazards that come
with planning for growth in flood prone areas.
Table 5. 0.2 Percent Annual Chance Flood Hazard* by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Sanford Future Land Use
0.2 Pct Annual Chance Flood Hazard*
WDBD- Waterfront Downtown Business District
LDRSF- Low Density Res.Single Family
MDR15- Med. Density Res. 15 units/ acre
AIC- Airport Industry & Commerce
RP- Resource Protection
GC- General Commercial
PRO- Parks, Recreation, Open Space
HDR- High Density Residential
ROI- Residential, Office/ Institutional
PSP- Public/ Semi Public
NC- Neighborhood Commercial
- Industrial
'of the 100 Year Flood
of Acres, %
0.89
44.81
16.19
6.39
6.15
6.10
4.62
3.69
3.45
2.97
2.11
1.96
1.55
Source: Seminole County GIS Dept.
In Sanford, 44.81% of the total percentage of acreage for the 0.2 Percent Annual
Chance Hazard of the 100 -year flood is planned for the Waterfront Business District,
mixed use district. The next largest future land use is Low Density Residential Single
Family at 16.19 %. Medium Density Residential districts of 15 units per acre are the third
largest future use in this flood hazard area at 6.39 %. Airport Industry & Commerce,
another variation of a mixed- use district accounts for 6.15 %. Resource Protection
comprises 6.10 %.
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile 7
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile
Table 6. Flood Zone A by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Sanford Future Land Use
Flood Zone A
RP- Resource Protection
LDRSF- Low Density Res.Single Family
WIC- Westside Industry & Commerce
HI -1 -4 High Intensity
MDR10- Med. Density Res. 10 units /acre
MDR15- Med. Density Res. 15 units/ acre
GC- General Commercial
PRO- Parks, Recreation. Open Space
NC- Neighborhood Commercial
AIC- Airport Industry & Commerce
HDR- High Density Residential
ROI- Residential, Office/ Institutional
LDRMH- Mobile Home
of Acres, %
3.64
40.35
13.00
12.14
8.90
7.39
5.01
3.43
2.58
2.24
2.04
1.39
0.83
0.69
Source: Seminole County GIS Dept.
Resource protection accounts for 40.35% of the total future land use in Flood Zone A.
Low Density Residential Single Family comprises 13.00% of the total future land use.
The third largest planned future use in this flood hazard area is Westside Industry &
Commerce at 12.14 %. 1 -4 High Intensity, a variation of a mixed -use district accounts for
8.90% of the total make- up.
Table 7. Flood Zone AE by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Sanford Future Land Use
Percentage of Acres, %
Flood Zone AE
5.68
RP- Resource Protection
51.40
WDBD- Waterfront Downtown Business District
12.27
LDRSF- Low Density Res.Single Family
11.38
HDR- High Density Residential
4.93
MDR15- Med. Density Res. 15 unitsl acre
4.51
PRO- Parks, Recreation, Open Space
3.23
GC- General Commercial
2.58
PSP- Public/ Semi Public
2.02
MDR10- Med. Density Res. 10 unitstacre
1.90
AIC- Airport Industry & Commerce
1.34
1- Industrial
0.64
ROF Residential, Office/ Institutional
0.81
LDRMH- Mobile Home
0.78
NC- Neighborhood Commercial
0.77
HI -1 -4 High Intensity
0.72
SE- Suburban Estates
0.53
Source: Seminole County Gig Dept
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile 8
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile
In Flood Zone AE Resource Protection comprises 51.40% of the total future land use.
The next largest future use is Waterfront Downtown Business District with 12.27% of the
total make- up. Low Density Residential Single Family is 11.38 %.
Table 8. Flood Zone AH by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Sanford Future Land Use
Flood Zone AH
RP- Resource Protection
HDR- High Density Residential
PSP- Public/ Semi Public
LDRMH- Mobile Home
GC- General Commercial
LDRSF- Low Density Res.Single Family
ROI- Residential, Office/ Institutional
MDR15- Med, Density Res. 15 units/ acre
PRO- Parks, Recreation, Open Space
of Acres, %
2.52
71.91
11.79
7.94
3.15
2.52
1.13
0.79
0.44
0.32
Source: Seminole County GIs Dept
Sanford's Flood Zone AH is predominately planned for Resource Protection at 71.91 %
of the total future acreage. The next largest future use is High Density Residential
development at 11.79 %. Public and Semi Public comprises 7.94 %.
Table 9. Flood Zone X by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Sanford Future Land Use
Percentage of Acres,%
Flood Zone %
88.99
AIC- Airport Industry & Commerce
19.91
LDRSF- Low Density Res.Single Family
19.06
WIC- Westside Industry & Commerce
10.08
GC- General Commercial
6.49
I- Industrial
6.27
PSP- Public/ Semi Public
5.91
MDR15- Med. Density Res. 15 units/ acre
5.52
HI -1 -4 High Intensity
3.93
WDBD- Waterfront Downtown Business District
3.82
PRO- Parks, Recreation, Open Space
3.52
RP- Resource Protection
3.18
MDR10- Med. Density Res. 10 unitsiacre
3.06
HDR- High Density Residential
2.85
NC- Neighborhood Commercial
1.78
ROI- Residential, Office/ Institutional
1.70
SE- Suburban Estates
1.55
LDRMH- Mobile Home
1.37
Source! Seminole County GIs Dept
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile 9
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile
Airport Industry & Commerce comprise 19.91 % of the total future land use in Flood Zone
X. Low Density Residential- Single Family are also a significant make- up of this flood
zone at 19.06% Westside Industry & Commerce accounts for 10.08% of the total future
use of percentage of acres for Flood Zone X. General Commercial and Industrial
comprise 6.49% and 6.27 %.
Figure 7. Future Land Use and Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA)
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile 10
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile
Environmental Efforts
Environmental policies are a means to
which a municipality values its natural
heritage. Best practices in Floodplain
Management mitigation include
preserving natural areas located in
floodplains or directing open space/
recreation uses towards them.
Sanford has committed itself to the
protection of wetlands, aquatic habitats,
floodways, and drainage ways. In only
certain circumstances, minimal
development is permitted if the reason is
reasonable.
Under Policy 1- 1.14.2, the City of
Sanford is part of the St. Johns River
Management District.
Erosion and Sedimentation
Control
The city's comprehensive plan sets
objectives to protect minerals, soils and
vegetation. These policies protect
bodies of water and wetlands from
siltation.
The City of Sanford tries to protect
certain soils and areas with erosion by
trying not to develop on lands that have
been impacted.
Policy 1 -14.1 is the city's new
development plan. Under this, Objective
1 -14.1, protects natural resources such
as impacted soil types and protects
areas that have already experienced
erosion.
Under Objective 1 -1.2, the City of
Sanford maintains land development
regulations that address erosion.
Figure 8. Wetlands
Wetlands from the St. Johns River that are
protected from development.
Figure 9. Development along the St. Johns
River
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile 11
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile
Stormwater Management
Stormwater management practices are
an essential component in mitigating
flood damage. Policies enacted at the
municipal level are essential in
controlling stormwater run -off to create
minimal damage impact on property.
The City of Sanford has many policies
and objective to help with the
management of stormwater. All of these
provide guidelines on where and how
many drainage systems are built.
Under Objective 1 -1.2, there must be
adequate stormwater management to
allow for more people in residential
areas.
Policy 1- 1.10.2 states that stormwater
drainage is considered a Regional
Activity Center. Under this policy, it is
required for adequate Regional Activity
Centers for the amount of people living
in the area.
Policy 1- 1.14.4 states the
owner /developer of a site is responsible
for managing the stormwater run -off.
Goal No.5 pertains to the airport and
developing stormwater management
plans within the vicinities. These plans
have to be compatible with the St. Johns
River Management district and FAA
criteria.
Policy 1 -1.1.6 regulates areas that are
subject to flooding and makes sure they
have adequate draining.
Figure 10. Proper Stormwater Management
None of the stormwater has reached the
property due to proper stormwater
management practices.
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile 12
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile
Building Practices
Building Practices are essential in
mitigating flood damage to structures
located in flood prone zones. There are
different practices that help protect
property and citizens.
Sanford uses the current Florida
Building Code, with some modifications
and higher standards. One of the higher
standards dictates that the lowest floor
level of any new structure, including the
basement, shall be a minimum of 2 -feet
above the base flood elevation.
Before development can begin, permits
must be submitted about the nature,
location, dimensions, and elevations of
the area under consideration for
development.
A structure must be certified after
placement of the lowest floor and proper
floodproofing has been constructed. If
they aren't certified or meet standards,
all construction must cease.
Figure 11. Proper Building Practices
The correct way to prepare a property for
development.
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile 13
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile
Responsible party Deadline
CITY OF SANFORD Annual
Goal 1: Engage in risk -based mitigation planning resulting in sustainable actions that
reduce or eliminate risks to life and property from flooding.
Objective 1.1- Participate in Local Mitigation Strategy meetings and communicate
concerns and issues.
Objective 1.2- Coordinate with the County and other local government agencies
to develop and administer outreach programs to gain participation in mitigation programs
by business, industry, institutions and community groups.
Goal 2: Enforce proper building and stormwater objectives and practices.
Objective 1.1- Continue training and review of building codes.
Objective 1.2- Perform ongoing maintenance of city streets, storm drains, street
culverts, and storm water pond inlets and outfalls.
Sanford Floodplain Management Profile 14
Winter Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Introduction
Overview
The City of Winter Springs was
incorporated in 1959 in Seminole
County. It is located in the central
section of the county, with the City of
Longwood to its west and the City of
Oviedo to its east. Unincorporated
Seminole County borders Winter
Springs to the north and south. Winter
Springs covers 15 square miles. The
city's population is 34,000.
Involvement with the National
Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)
Winter Springs became eligible for the
National Flood Insurance Program's
(NFIP) Community Rating System
(CRS) on October 1, 1993. The
municipality ranked a class six rating,
receiving 2,000 -2,499 Credit Points (cT)
during its classification.
The discount percentage for those
properties in the Special Flood Hazard
(SFHA) is twenty (20 %) percent while
the percent discount for non Special
Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) is ten (10 %)
percent. The city's participation in the
program is listed as current.
Figure 1. City of Winter Springs
Figure 2. National Flood Insurance Program
NATIONAL FLOOD
INSURANCE PROGRAM
Winter Springs Floodplain Management Profile 1
Winter Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Risk Assessment
Communities must address four components when assessing risk. They are identifying
hazards, profiling hazard events, inventorying assets, and estimating loss. This process
measures the potential loss of life, personal injury, economic injury, and property
damage resulting from natural hazards by assessing the vulnerability of people,
buildings, and infrastructure to natural hazards (FEMA). This section of the community
profile assesses the potential of risk with respect to floodplain management in Winter
Springs. There are six categories that address the four components identified in risk
assessment as defined through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA):
identifying flood zones within the city, surface water locations, property value within each
flood zone, insurance statistics, vulnerable populations, and critical facilities.
Figure 3. Flood Zone, Percentage of Acreage for the City of Winter Springs, 2013, Non - Submerged
* 0_2 M. Annual Chance
Hazard'
■ Zone A
it lane AE
Zone AN
Zane X
Figure 3 shows that the percentage of non- submerged acreage found in Winter Springs.
0.2 Percent Annual Chance Hazard of the 100 year flood accounts for 1.76% of the total
percentage of non- submerged acreage. Non- submerged acreage refers to land not
inundated by surface water. Flood Zone A comprises 3.42% of the total make -up. Flood
Zone AE is 11.78% and Flood Zone AH is 2.09 %. Flood Zone X accounts for 80.91 % of
the total percentage of non - submerged acres.
Winter Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Winter Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Surface Water
Figure 4. Surface water runoff
Y
d
fVJinter SpNrv�s' •.-
The majority of the City's surface water runoff into Lake Jesup and is conveyed by three
of its main tributaries, Howell Creek, Gee Creek and Soldiers Creek.
Howell Creek runs through the central portion of the City and has an approximate 3750
tributary area, thirty eight (38 %) percent in the City. Bear Creek, a tributary to Howell
Creek, also runs through a portion of the City and converges with Howell Creek just
north of Winter Springs Boulevard.
Gee Creek runs through the southwestern portion of the City and has an approximate
2,464 acre tributary in the area, twenty six (26 %) percent of the City. No Name Creek is
a tributary to Gee Creek and converges with Gee Creek just south of SR 434.
Avery small portion of the City about nine (9 %) percent is with the Soldiers Creek
Basin, approximately 884 acres. The creek itself enters the City's limits near the SR 419
crossing before discharging into the western part of Lake Jesup.
The 100 -year flood plains in the City are located along the creeks, along the shores of
lakes and in some landlocked low spots.
Winter Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Winter Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Property Value
Table 2. Total Appraised Value by Flood Zone, 2014
Flood Zone
Zone A
Zone AE
Zone AH
Zone X
Grand Total
*of the 100 Year Flood
Total Appraised Value
w$85,792,173.00
$368,088,71300
$1,609,778.00
$2,321,701,467.00
$2,968,376,436.00
Source: Seminole County GIS Dept.
Winter Springs has over 2.9 billion dollars in appraised value that could be vulnerable to
flood risk damage. The largest property value risk is found in Flood Zone X, 78 %. Flood
Zone AE accounts for the second largest appraised value that could be vulnerable to risk
at 12 %. The next most notable flood zone that has high- appraised value is A with over
85 million dollars in property. Those properties within the 0.2 Pct. Annual Chance
Hazard of the 100 year flood have over 191 million dollars of property risk.
Insurance Policies
Table 3. Policy Statistics for the City of Winter Springs, as of 12/31/2013
Policies in- Force Insurance in -Force Whole Written Premiums in- Force
724 $193,875,900 $294,912
Source: FEMA
Winter Springs has 724 insurance policies in force according to the Federal Emergency
Management Agency. The total coverage amount for these insurance policies is
$193,875,900 while the premium paid for them averaged $294,912.
Table 4. Loss Statistics for the City of Winter Springs, as of 12/31/2013
Total Losses Closed Losses Open Losses CWOP Losses Total
Source: FEMA
Total property losses in Winter Springs are numbered at 19 properties since 1978.
Losses that had been paid in full accounted for accounted for 10 claims and losses that
had been closed without payment (CWOP) were totaled at 9 claims. There were no
losses not paid in full. Total payments made to claimants since 1978 is valued at
$154,179.38.
Winter Springs Floodplain Management Profile 4
Winter Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Vulnerable Population
Vulnerable populations are those segments of the community who are considered to be
most prone to risk in the time of hazard. 13.3% of the population is over the age of 65.
Repetitive Loss Property
Repetitive Loss properties are defined as those properties that have been flooded on
more than one occasion. Winter Springs does not have repetitive loss properties.
In the event that properties do begin to meet that criteria, there are buy out programs
that can be initiated to purchase the property. These measures protect residents from
harm and remove development from the floodplain (Schwab, 2014).
Manufactured Homes
Figure 5. Manufactured Home Flood Hazard
Manufactured home communities, such as the one showed above in Winter Springs are
vulnerable populations susceptible to flood hazard without proper mitigation measures.
Manufactured homes are symbolized as red points.
Winter Springs has one (1) manufactured home communities located in its jurisdiction
that could be vulnerable to flood inundation. Figure 6 illustrates the potential risk. The
City's Land Development Code sets standards for these forms of residences. Mitigation
policies that help protect flood damage to manufactured homes include setting the
elevation above the base flood level and must be anchored. The foundation must be
anchored in order to prevent flotation or any varying form of movement.
Winter Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Winter Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Critical Facilities
Critical facilities are defined as those facilities that provide a critical function and should
be protected from flood damage. Seminole County has identified 16 critical facilities
throughout Winter Springs and the emergency function they provide in times of crisis.
There are no facilities located in the Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA).
Winter Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Winter Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Mitigation Measures
Mitigation is the effort to reduce loss of life and property by lessening the impact of
disasters (FEMA). The policies adopted by Winter Springs work to achieve these
objectives and prevent flood damage. This community profile analyzes mitigation
policies including Future Land Use, Environmental Efforts, Stormwater Management,
and Building Practices all identified through the city's Comprehensive Plan and Land
Development Code.
Future Land Use
An analysis of the Future Land Use Map by Flood Zone (non- submerged acres) for the
City of Winter Springs is aggregated below. This analysis reflects the hazards that come
with planning for growth in flood prone areas.
Table 6. 0.2 Percent Annual Chance Flood Hazard* by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Winter Springs Future Land Use
Percentage of Acres, %
0.2 Pct Annual Chance Flood Hazard*
1.76
Low Density Residential
39.96
Conservation
14.64
Rural Residential
8.26
Medium Density Residential
8.15
Recreation
5.87
Town Center District
5.62
Public/ Semi- Public
4.95
Greenway Interchange District
4.47
High Density Residential
2.54
Industrial
2.48
Mixed- Use
1.55
Commercial
1.51
*of the 100 Year Flood
Source: Seminole County GIS Dept.
In Winter Springs, 39.96% of the total percentage of acreage for the 0.2 Percent Annual
Chance Hazard of the 100 -year flood is planned for Low Density Residential. The
second largest planned use is Conservation at 14.64 %. The next largest future land use
in this flood hazard area is Rural Residential at 8.26 %. Medium Residential and
Recreation comprise 8.15% and 5.87 %. Town Center District, which is a variation of a
mixed- use district, is 5.62% of the total make up.
Winter Springs Floodplain Management Profile 7
Winter Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Table 6. Flood Zone A by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Winter Springs Future Land Use
Percentage of Acres, %
Flood Zone A
3.42
Low Density Residential
30.58
Rural Residential
24.77
Recreation
20.22
Conservation
17.34
Medium Density Residential
2.98
Public/ Semi- Public
2.46
High Density Residential
1.65
Source: Seminole County GIS Dept.
Low Density Residential accounts for 30.58% of the total percentage of acreage in Flood
Zone A. The next largest future planned use is Rural Residential at 24.77 %. Recreation
and Conservation account for 20.22% and 17.34 %. Medium Density Residential
comprises 2.98% and Public /Semi - Public is planned for 2.46% of the total percentage of
acreage.
Table 7. Flood Zone AE by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Winter Springs Future Land Use
Percentage of Acres, %
Flood Zone AE
11.78
Conservation
52.32
Low Density Residential
16.79
Town Center District
6.88
Greenway Interchange District
6.71
Recreation
5.27
Medium Density Residential
3133
Rural Residential
3.10
High Density Residential
1.47
Commercial
1.37
Industrial
1.14
Mixed- Use
0.85
Public/ Semi- Public
0.77
Source: Seminole County GIs Dept.
In Flood Zone AE Conservation is designated for 52.32% of the total percentage of
acres of future land use. The next largest future is Low Density Residential at 16.79 %.
Town Center District and Greenway Interchange District comprise 6.88% and 6.71 %.
Recreation accounts for 5.27% of the total future use in this flood prone area.
Table 8. Flood Zone AH by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Winter Springs Future Land Use
Percentage of Acres, %
Flood Zone AH
2.09
Conservation
97.90
Medium Density Residential
1.57
Low Density Residential
0.37
Rural Residential
0.09
Source: Seminole County CIS Dept
Winter Springs Floodplain Management Profile 8
Winter Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Conservation accounts for 97.90% of the total future land use in Flood Zone AH.
Medium Density comprises 1.57 %.
Table 9. Flood Zone X by Future Land Use (FLU), 2014
Winter Springs Future Land Use
Percentage of Acres, %
Flood Zone X
80.91
Low Density Residential
29.55
Medium Density Residential
12.78
Rural Residential
12.20
Public/ Semi- Public
7.34
Recreation
7.31
Town Center District
7.01
Conservation
6.35
Commercial
4.58
Greenway Interchange District
3.99
High Density Residential
3.69
Mixed- Use
2.74
Industrial
2.45
Source: Seminole County GB Dept.
The largest future planned use in Flood Zone X is Low Density Residential at 29.55% of
the total make- up. Medium Density Residential accounts for 12.78% and Rural
Residential is 12.20 %. Public/ Semi Public comprises 7.32% of the total make- up.
Recreation accounts for 7.31 % of the future planned use in this flood zone.
Figure 6. Future Land Use and Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA)
Winter Springs Floodplain Management Profile 9
Winter Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Environmental Efforts
Environmental policies are a means to
which a municipality values its natural
heritage. Best practices in Floodplain
Management mitigation include
preserving natural areas located in
floodplains or directing open space/
recreation uses towards them.
In recent years, development in areas of
Lake Jesup, wetlands, and the 100 -year
flood plain have become much stricter.
Figure 8 shows where these areas that
is in the Conservation Overlay.
Conservation Overlay in regards to the
Future Land Use Map- 2030. Even
thought this map exists, it does not
prohibit development in these areas,
rather point out sensitive areas. If these
areas are deemed not sensitive,
development may be allowed.
In Winter Springs, most of the wetlands
are found near Lake Jesup. These
wetlands are considered palustrine
which consist of wet prairie, hydric
hammocks and hardwood swamps,
bayhead, and areas of cypress. These
areas are being protected because they
are in the floodzone and create a natural
mitigation against floods.
Erosion and Sedimentation
Control
The city's comprehensive plan sets
objectives to protect minerals, soils and
vegetation. These policies protect
bodies of water and wetlands from
siltation. The regulations for water
quality, erosion and sedimentation
control for both the city and state
regulatory agencies are enforced during
the development review process and the
implementation of the capital
improvements, private new
developments and re- developments.
Figure 7. Conservation Overlay
Conservation Overlay in Winter Springs.
Figure 8. Soil Suitability
�H
ID -.
Areas where soil is most suitable for
development.
Winter Springs Floodplain Management Profile 10
I
H
Winter Springs Floodplain Management Profile
In Winter Springs, development is
impacted by the type of soil present.
This is determined by how well they
drain and how much load they can bear.
Figure 9 shows the areas where soil is
approved for development by the Soil
Conservation Service.
The two main soil types in Winter
Springs are Urban Land- Tavares-
Millhopper and Urban Land- Astatula-
Apopka. Both of these soils are known
for being well drained.
Stormwater Management
Stormwater management practices are
an essential component in mitigating
flood damage. Policies enacted at the
municipal level are essential in
controlling stormwater run- off to create
minimal damage impact on property.
There are 86 stormwater retention
ponds in Winter Springs.
In Winter Springs, there are many
policies that help with stormwater
management.
Policy 1.2.8 states that stormwater
management codes in the Code of
Ordinances must set the standards for
onsite stormwater systems and ways to
lessen the amount of untreated run- off
into the city's lakes.
Policy 1.2.9 is the Stormwater Master
Plan. This policy states development is
not allowed unless it abides to the
Stormwater Master Plan.
Policy 1.10.1 is the Public Utility System
Land Requirements. This policy states
that proposed development in relation to
the existing utility and land needs
systems must be adequate. Stormwater
management falls in this category.
Figure 9. The Soils
e.
On the left is the Urban Land- Tavares-
Millhopper Soil and the right is the Urban
Land - Astatula- Apopka Soil.
Winter Springs Floodplain Management Profile 11
Winter Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Building Practices
Building Practices are essential in
mitigating flood damage to structures
located in flood prone zones. There are
different practices that help protect
property and citizens.
Policy 1.2.7 requires all new
construction or substantial improvement
must fall into the standards of the
National Flood Insurance Program.
The lowest floor of a structure must be
eighteen inches above the Base Flood
Elevation established in the 100- year
plan.
The City Code of Ordinances states
many codes that help prevent flood
damage.
In 2011, Winter Springs adopted the
2010 Florida Building Codes Chapter
16.
The City's Building Department
maintained a BCEGS Class 4/4 as of
the 2012 certification review.
Winter Springs Floodplain Management Profile 12
Winter Springs Floodplain Management Profile
Goal 1: City's Floodplain Management Implementation Activities (Annual Basis)
Objective 1.1 — Continue to maintain the City's Community Rating System (CRS)
Class 6
Objective 1.2 — Continue to provide accessible flood protection information and
public outreach.
Objective 1.3 — Continue to preserve open space areas.
Objective 1.4 — Continue to enforce the flood management provisions.
Objective 1.5 — Continue to provide the inspection and maintenance of the
drainage infrastructure and system.
Goal 2: Work in conjunction with the county, the cities and other local
governments to create and support the floodplain management throughout the
county
Objective 2.1- Participate in the countywide Floodplain Management Plan and
associated Floodplain Management Team working group
Objective 2.2- Coordinate with the County and other local government agencies
to develop and administer outreach programs by business, industry, institutions,
and community groups.
Winter Springs Floodplain Management Profile 13
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