HomeMy WebLinkAbout2003 09 22 Public Hearings 408 First Reading - Ordinance 2003-22 Tree Protection and Preservation
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COMMISSION AGENDA
ITEM 408
Consent
Informational
Public Hearing X
Regular
September 22. 2003
Meeting
1'/t f J
Mgr. /
Att. /
Dept.
REQUEST: The City Attorney requests that the City Commission approve on First Reading
Ordinance No. 2003-22 which will amend the City Code Chapter 5, Tree Protection and Preservation.
PURPOSE:
The purpose of this Ordinance is to adopt a substantial number of amendments to the City's Tree
Protection and Preservation Code, as recommended by the City Commission, Tree Committee, and
City Attorney.
APPLICABLE LAW AND PUBLIC POLICY:
1. Florida Municipal Home Rule Powers Act.
2. City of Winter Springs Comprehensive Plan
3. Article II, Section 7, Florida Constitution making it the policy of the State of Florida to conserve
and protect its natural resources and scenic beauty.
Page 1 of 2
CONSIDERA TIONS:
1. The City Commission previously appointed an advisory Tree Committee to review Chapter 5 and
to make recommendations to the City Commission on ways to improve and supplement the City's
Tree Ordinance. The Tree Committee was assisted by a technical advisory staff including the City
Arborist, City Attorney, and Yvonne Froscher, environmental consultant.
2. After numerous public meetings, and public input and comment, the Tree Committee and the
technical advisory staff made over 50 recommended changes to the Tree Ordinance.
3. The City Commission previously considered the recommendations at a workshop and directed that
an Ordinance be prepared so the City Commission can consider adopting almost all of the proposed
recommendations.
4. The proposed changes are too numerous to summarize. However, the existing Chapter 5 is set
out in its entirety in Ordinance No. 2003-22 so that the City Commission can review and understand
the full context of the proposed amendments.
5. The City Attorney has also modified the Tree Ordinance to clarify several provisions and to
address several issues which have been raised since the new tree ordinance (2002-08) went into effect
on April 8, 2002. In addition, modifications to the penalty provisions are being recommended. The
modifications should make it easier for Code Enforcement to determine the amount of fines for the
removal or destruction of a tree without a permit (per Caliper inch) and will address potential
violations which could result from new requirements being imposed pursuant to the modifications
(e.g. contractor' s license).
STAFF RECOMMENDATION:
Staff and the Tree Committee and environmental consultant (through the Committee Report) are
recommending approval of Ordinance No. 2003-22 on First Reading and that the Ordinance be
advertised for second and final reading by the City Commission.
ATTACHMENT:
Ordinance 2003-22
COMMISSION ACTION:
The Commission previously directed that Ordinance 2003-22 be prepared by the City Attorney
consistent with the direction given at the previously held Commission workshop at which the Tree
Committee's Final Report was considered.
Page 2 of 2
REVISED 9-17-03
ORDINANCE NO. 2003-22
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE
CITY OF WINTER SPRINGS, FLORIDA AMENDING
CHAPTER 5 OF THE CODE OF ORDINANCES ENTITLED
TREE PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION; PROVIDING
FOR THE REPEAL OF PRIOR INCONSISTENT
ORDINANCES AND RESOLUTIONS, INCORPORATION
INTO THE CODE, SEVERABILITY, AND AN EFFECTIVE
DATE.
WHEREAS, the City is granted the authority, under ~2(b), Article VIll of the State Constitution,
to exercise any power for municipal purposes, except when expressly prohibited by law; and
WHEREAS, the Florida Constitution, Article II, Section 7 provides "It shall be the policy of the
State to conserve and protect its natural resources and scenic beauty"; and
WHEREAS, the City Commission is committed to preserving and enhancing green areas of
the City and by assuring the preservation of existing trees on public and private property and taking
steps to require maintenance of existing and the installation of new trees in the City; and
WHEREAS, trees aid in energy conservation by cooling the atmosphere, reduce air pollution
by removing particles such as dust and pollen, increase oxygen production, slow surface water run
off, reduce soil erosion, provide food, nesting sites and protection for wildlife, enhance scenic beauty,
and provide other environmental benefits; and
WHEREAS, in furtherance of the public purpose and interests stated herein, the City
Commission adopted a new Tree Protection and Preservation Ordinance on April 8, 2002; and
WHEREAS, for purposes of reviewing, and possibly improving, the new Tree Protection and
Preservation Ordinance, the City Commission appointed a tree committee made up of several City
of Winter Springs' residents ("Committee"); and
WHEREAS, the City Commission also appointed a technical advisory staff to assist the
Committee in making a recommendation to the City Commission; and
WHEREAS, after careful deliberation and numerous public meetings, at which the public was
afforded the opportunity to provide input and recommendations, the Committee prepared a detailed
written report outlining numerous proposed modifications of the Tree Protection and Preservation
Ordinance; and
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 1 of 24
WHEREAS, the City Commission has reviewed the written report presented by the
Committee and hereby finds that the current Tree Protection and Preservation Ordinance should be
revised in order to improve the manner in which the City preserves and protects the tree canopy
within the City and to promote a more aesthetically and environmentally pleasing community; and
WHEREAS, the City Commission of the City of Winter Springs, Florida, hereby finds this
ordinance to be in the best interests of the public health, safety, and welfare of the citizens of Winter
Springs.
NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF WINTER
SPRINGS HEREBY ORDAINS, AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. Recitals. The foregoing recitals are hereby fully incorporated herein by this
reference as legislative findings of the City Commission of Winter Springs.
Section 2. Chapter 5 Amended. Chapter 5 of the City of Winter Springs Code is hereby
amended to read as follows: illnderlined type indicates additions and strikeout type indicates
deletions from Chapter 5.)
CHAPTER 5 - TREE PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION
Sec. 5-1.
Applicability.
This ordinance shall be applicable to all land lying in the incorporated area of the City of
Winter Springs, Florida.
c
Sec. 5-2.
Intent and Purpose.
(a) Purpose. The purpose of this Chapter is to establish protective regulations for Trees within
the City in order to maintain and protect the City Forest, to better control problems of
flooding, soil conversation, air pollution and noise, and to make the City a healthier, more
attractive and safer place in which to live.
(b) Intent. The intent of this Chapter is to encourage the protection of the maximum number of
Trees within the Primary Tree Protection Zone "and of large Specimen Trees within the
Secondary Tree Protection Zone. It is further the intent of this Chapter to encourage the
protection of Trees native to Central Florida and to encourage proper removal of exotic. pest
trees.
To this end, it shall be unlawful to cut down, damage, poison, or in any other manner destroy
or cause to be destroyed any Tree or other vegetation as covered by the provisions of this
ordinance except in accordance with the provisions set forth herein. Notwithstanding, in case
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 2 of 24
of emergencies involving natural disaster such as, but not limited to, flood, freeze or other
natural disasters, the requirements of this ordinance may be temporarily waived by the City
Commission by resolution.
Sec. 5-3.
Definitions.
As used in this Chapter, the following terms shall have the meanings indicated unless the
context clearly indicates othetwise:
(a) Caliper. Measurement of Tree eight (8) inches from soil level.
(b) City. The City of Winter Springs, Florida.
(c) City Forest. The aggregate of all street Trees and all park Trees.
(d) Crown. The mass of branches, twigs and leaves at the top of a Tree, with particular reference
to its shape.
(e) DBH. Diameter of trunk at breast height, (approximately four and one-half(4 112) feet from
the ground ofa Tree base).
(t) Desirable Trees. Trees particularly adaptive to Central Florida identified as "desirable trees"
in Appendix B of this Chapter, as may be amended by the City Manager or City Commission.
(g) Dripline. The vertical line running through the outermost portion of the Tree Crown
extending to the ground.
(h) Encroachment. The protrusion into a vehicular accessway, pedestrian-way, or required
landscape area.
(i) Heavy Machinery. Mechanical Land Clearing, earth-moving, or earth-working equipment
with a gross weight in excess of5,000 pounds. For purposes of this ordinance, all machinery
which utilizes steel tracks for traction shall be considered to be Heavy Machinery, regardless
of weight.
G) Historic Tree. A Tree which has been found by the City Commission to be of notable historic
interest to the City based on its age, species, size, historic association or unique
characteristics.
(k) Land Clearing (grubbing). The disturbance or removal of vegetation using backhoes.
bulldozers. root rakes. or similar mechanical means which may kill trees or damage their
roots. branches. or trunks. Routine lawn mowing. sod replacement. planting of landscape
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 3 of 24
material. shrub pruning. and shrub removal shall not be considered land clearing and grubbing
provided no grade change occurs. The removal or gmbbing, by any means, of arry rype of
"egetation from land, not including, howe"el, aGtivities gOverned by a Tree RemOval permit.
(1) Person. Any individual, firm, corporation, partnership, joint venture association, principal,
trustee, municipal corporation, political subdivision, or special district, or any agent or
representative thereof
(m) PreferredPlant/Tree fist: Preferred Plant~ shall mean the plant materials listed in appendix
B: Desirable Trees and shall be of the size specified in the column labeled "Preferred Plant
Size/Minimum Height" List shall mean the list of plant materials !hd corresponding Tree
Replacement Credit sho wn in Appendix "C", which may be amended from time to time by the
City Manager in writing.
(n) Primary Tree Protection Zone. This shall mean the front, side and rear yard areas as
established and required by the Land Development Code of the City as the same may, from
time to time, be amended.
(0) Protected Area. An area surrounding a protected, Historic, or Specimen Tree within which
physical intrusion is prohibited in order to prevent damage to the Tree, roots and soil around
the Tree base, the dimensions of which shall be established by the City and set forth in the
Tree Removal permit, in according with Section 5-14.
(p) Protective Barrier. Shall be a polygon of 2" X 4" wide stakes circle of one-inch to tw o-inch
wide stakes spaced a maximum of eight (8) feet from each other at the perimeter of the Tree
Protection Zone and which extend out of the ground at least eighteen (18) to twenty-rour
tz4} thirty-six (36) inches, with the top two (2) to four (4) inches marked by flourescent
orange paint or tape.
(q) Replacement Trees. Replacement Trees shall at a minimum comply with the provisions of
Subsection 5-9.
(r) Secondary Tree Protection Zone. This shall mean all areas not included in the Primary Tree
Protection Zone. Subdivision street rights-of-way and easements are also defined as being
within the Secondary Tree Protection Zone.
(s) Specimen Tree. A Tree, other than an undesirable tree, structurally unsound tree that cannot
be recovered by pruning. dead tree, or diseased tree, that is twenty-four (26 W inches or
more in diameter. Specimen trees shall not include laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia). sand pine
(Pinus c/ausa). or cherry laurel (Pronus caroliniana).
(t) Stem. The main trunk of a plant; its primary axis that develops buds and shoots instead of
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 4 of 24
roots.
(u) Topping. The severe cutt~ back of limbs within the Tree's crown to prevent nonnal growth
to such a degree so as to remove the normal canopy and disfigure the Tree.
(vy) Transplant. The act of relocating an existing Tree upon the same lot.
(wy) Tree. Self-supporting wood, perennial plants of species which have a trunk with a diameter
of at least four (4) inches measured at Caliper and normally grow to an overall Crown height
of a minimum of fifteen (15) feet. Cabbage palm greater than fifteen (15) feet tall.
(xw) Tree Protection Zone. Shall mean that area located around the perimeter of the Tree in which
no activity such as clearing, filling, excavating, storage of materials, parking of vehicles, or
any other activity that in the opinion of the Forester may damage the Tree may occur. This
zone is calculated according to Appendix C &to this Ordinance.
(~) Tree Removal. Shall mean any act which will cause a Tree situated on real property to die
within a period of two (2) years from the time of the act including, but not limited to, by
cutting, girdling, relocating, interfering with the water supply, applying chemicals, regrading
around the base of the Tree Trunk.
(zy) Tree Replacement Assessment. Tree Replacement Assessment shall mean the total amount
of monetary compensation owed to the City of Winter Springs as provided in this Chapter for
the replacement of trees cut, destroyed, or removed as a result of development or
redevelopment.
(~ Tree Replacement Credit. The Tree Replacement Credit shall be established by the City
Commission and set forth in Appendix B: Desirable Trees equal to one-hundred ($100.00)
doHa:rs and no cents in Tlee leplacenlent \laine.
~) Tree Trunk. The main Stem of a Tree apart from limbs and roots.
(eelm) Undesirable Trees. All types of Trees identified as "undesirable trees" in Appendix A of this
Chapter as amended from time to time by the City Manager in writing.
Sec. 5-4.
Permit Required for Tree Removal and Land Clearing; Separate Violations;
Criteria: Contractor Permit Required.
(a) Permit Required. No Person shall engage in Tree Removal or engage in Land Clearing
located within the City, without first obtaining a permit as provided in this Chapter. It shall
be a separate violation of this Chapter for each Tree removed and each day a person is
engaged in Land Clearing without a permit.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 5 of 24
(b) Criteria. Upon receipt of a completed application and verification on-site by the City
Forester, a pennit may be issued for Tree Removal under anyone ofthe following conditions:
(1) Trees located on building and construction sites as shown on City approved plans,
provided said Trees are replaced elsewhere on the property in accordance with 95-9
of this Chapter.
(2) Trees located within ten (10) feet of a structure or other improvement, provided said
Trees are replaced elsewhere on the property in accordance with 95-9 ofthis Chapter.
(3) Trees severely diseased, severely injured or dead.
(4) Trees that interfere with the construction or repair of public utilities. recreationaL and
other public infrastructure.
(5) Undesirable Trees, per Appendix A.
(6) Trees removed by the City or other governmental agency and which are located
within a public road, drainage rights-of-way, or permanent utilities and drainage
easements.
(7) Trees that have been approved by the City Forester and which shall be replaced
elsewhere on the property.
(8) All Trees and plants, within a licensed Tree nursery, planted for harvest shall be
exempt from the terms and provisions of this Chapter only if Trees are planted and
growing on the premises of the licensee and are for sale or intended for sale in its
ordinary course of business.
(c) Review Standards. When making a determination on whether a Tree meets one of the
conditions set forth in Section 5-4 (b) and therefore. whether to approve or deny an
application under this Chapter, the City Forester shall apply one (I) or more of the following
standards of review deemed relevant:
(1) Necessity to remove Trees which pose a clear and obvious safety hazard to pedestrian
or vehicular traffic or threaten to cause disruption to public services and QLJ!
significant obstacle to accessing and utilizing public easements and rights-of-way.
through TIne.oAGhnlent
(2) Necessity to remove Trees which pose a clear and obvious safety hazard to buildings
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 6 of 24
and other improvements on a lot or parcel of land. Ordinary small cracks or uplifts
in pavement. sidewalks. and structures that are typically caused by settling and small
roots shall not be considered a safety hazard.
(3) Necessity to remove diseased Trees or Trees weakened by age, storm, fire or other
injury or Trees with severe structural defects that pose a clear and obvious safety
hazard to people, buildings or other improvements on lot or parcel of land.
(4) The extent to which Tree Removal is likely to result in damage to the property of
other owners, public or private, including damage to lakes, ponds, streams, or rivers
through runoff or erosion.
(5) Any proposed landscaping including plans whereby the applicant has planted or will
plant Trees to replace those that are proposed to be cleared.
(6) Topography of the land and the effect of Tree Removal on erosion, soil retention and
the diversion or increased flow of surface water.
(7) Good forestry practices, such as the number of healthy Trees that a given parcel of
land will reasonably support and the proven techniques that sustain healthy trees. .
(8) Necessity to remove Trees in order to construct approved and permitted
improvements to allow economic enjoyment of the property, including:
(A) Need for access around the proposed structure for construction equipment
(maximum often (10) feet).
(B) Need for access to the building site for construction equipment.
(C) Essential grade changes.
(D) Need for locating street or road rights-of-way, utilities, drainageways, as well
as the need to provide reasonable use and property access.
(9) The extent of any damage or demonstrated hardship which would result to the
applicant from a denial of the requested permit.
(10) The species and size of the Trees proposed for removal.
(11) The following factors shall also be considered:
(A) Trees forming the current canopy.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 7 of 24
(B) Preservation of the next generation of Trees.
@ Silviculture exemption. All trees planted specifically for silvicultural purposes shall be exempt
from the provisions of this Chapter provided the property owner can provide documentation
to the City evidencing that:
ill The property is registered as a silvicultural site with the Division of Forestry: and
ill Mature trees exist on the property which are capable of being harvested for income
and that the property owner has. or intends to. generate income from the harvested
trees.
W Contractor Permit Required. Any person or entity engaged in the business of Tree removal
or pruning shall be licensed by the City on an annual basis. Licenses may be obtained from
the City by completing an application prepared by the City and paying the required license fee.
The license application shall contain at a minimum the name. address. and telephone number
of the contractor and a copy of the contractor's occupational license and proof of liability
insurance. It shall be unlawful for any person or entity to engage in the business of Tree
removal or pruning within the City of Winter Springs without a license required under this
subsection.
Sec. 5-5.
City Forestry Office.
(a) Establishment of Office. There is hereby created within the Department of Community
Development, the Office of City Forestry. The Community Development Director shall head
this office and the City Manager shall appoint one (1) or more employees of the department
to act in the capacity of Forester for the City.
(b) Scope of Authority. The City Forester shall be charged with the responsibility and authority
to review and oversee all activities within the City limits which involve Tree Removal, Land
Clearing, or danger to and by any Tree. Notwithstanding. the City Forester shall have
absolutely no authority to vary any plans. permits. or agreements approved by the City
Commission.
(c) Responsibilities. The role of the City Forester shall include, but not necessarily be limited to:
(1) Receiving and processing applications for Tree Removal, Land Clearing and other
permits under this Chapter.
(2) Inspection of all property subject to an application.
(3) Confirming all information provided by the applicant is correct and accurate.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 8 of 24
(4) To approve or deny all pennit applications under this Chapter.
(5) To issue cease and desist work orders upon Persons in violations of this Chapter for
a maximum of two working days. Upon review of the violation by the City Manager.
the City Manager may extend the cease and desist work order until the violation is
brought into compliance and all resulting fines incurred as a result of the violation
have been paid.
(6) To bring violators of this Chapter before the Code Enforcement Board.
(7) To issue code enforcement citations for any violation of this Chapter.
(8) To augment the City's Forest by the planting or approval of planting of additional
Trees on public property.
(9) To keep a permanent record of all Historic or Specimen Trees designated by the City
Commission.
(10) To educate the public regarding this Chapter and the importance of maintaining a City
Forest.
(11) To handle other related job duties assigned by the City Manager.
@ To serve as a member of the staff Development Review Committee.
o..n To educate City personnel responsible for tree removal. planting. pruning and
landscape maintenance.
D..1} To assist in implementing any development agreement. plan. or pennit approved by
the City Commission relating to landscaping and Trees..
Sec. 5-6 Permit Application.
(a) Filing Application and Payment of Fees. An application for Tree Removal and Land
Clearing shall be filed on official forms provided by the City's Forester. The applicant may
be required to pay a fee as may be established by resolution of the City Commission.. except
that no fee shall be required for the removal of Trees that are dead. diseased. suffer from
severe structural defects. pose a clear and obvious safety hazard to structures and people or
removed for a public proiect sponsored and paid for by the City. If the applicant is not the
property owner, then the applicant shall attach the written pennission of the property owner
to the application. Completed applications shall be returned to the Forester, along with the
following:
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 9 of 24
(1) A Tree inventory. for the portion of the site to be developed. consisting of a scaled
aerial photogaph 01 drawing ofa scale of one (1) inch equals three hundred (300)
fifty (50) feet or gTeater less for undeveloped land or for developed single family
residential land. a sketch approximately one (1) inch equals fifty (50) feet or less
indicating:
(A) Property boundaries.
(B) The location of all individual Trees including the Tree's common or botanical
scientific name. and Caliper of Trees.
(C) An indication of all Trees proposed for removal.
(0) Within the Primary Tree Protection Zone, a plan shall designate the Trees to
be retained and those proposed to be removed, relocated or replaced. Those
Trees proposed for removal, relocation or replacement shall also be identified
by common or botanical name.
(E) Within the Secondary Tree Protection Zone, a plan shall designate the Trees
to be retained, and those proposed to be removed.
(F) The location of existing and proposed improvements, if any, including
structures, pa-vihg and utility easements proposed additions to existing
buildings. existing and proposed buildings. structures. impervious surfaces
(e. g. pool decks. drives. parking areas). stormwater retention areas. utilities.
and other such improvements.
o A replacement plan indicating the means of compensating for the Tree( s) to
be removed including the species and size of any replacement Tree(s).
an Location of Trees preserved for replacement credit.
ill If significant grade changes are proposed on the site. a grading plan drawn to
scale shall be provided. In addition.. a written statement shall be provided by
. a competent professional indicating the probability of whether the grade
change will result in the death of Tree(s) intended to be preserved. Said
statement shall immediately be brought to the attention of the City Forester
at the time the application is filed and prominently attached to the front of the
application.
ill A protection plan describing how preserved Tree( s) shall be preserved on the
site and adiacent properties during construction.. Tree removal. and grading.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 10 of 24
00 An aerial photograph showing the boundaries of the subject property and
adjacent properties.
(2) Valid Rreasons for the removal of Trees.
(3) The appropriate permit fees.
(b) Time for Application. Applications for a Tree Removal or Land Clearing permit shall be
made prior to removal or clearing; except that in the following cases, application shall be filed
when indicated:
(1) All new subdivisions shall be required to submit an application for a Tree Removal or
Land Clearing permit, at the time of initial submittal of the subdivision plan, to the
City Forester so that due consideration may be given to protection of Trees during the
subdivision design process. Each application for a Tree Removal permit shall be
subject to review under the Staff Development Review Committee process.
(2) Any commercial, industrial, multi-family or other use requiring site plan approval
under the City land development regulations shall be required to submit an application
for a Tree Removal and Land Clearing permit at the time of site plan submittal so that
due consideration may be given to the protection of Trees during the site plan design
process. Each application for a Tree Removal permit shall be subject to review under
the Staff Development Review Committee process.
(3) All new single-family and duplex dwelling units shall be required to submit an
application for a Tree Removal and Land Clearing permit at the time of application
for a building permit; the Tree inventory may be shown on the building permit plot
plan.
(c)
Exempting Portion of the Tree Survey. Upon request, the Forester may permit an applicant
to onnt certain portions of the Tree inventory where compliance with the requirements set
forth herein would be unnecessarily burdensome and the exempted portions are not needed
for the City to evaluate the application.
(d)
Permit Fee. A nonreturnable permit fee to be establis~ by resolution of the City
Commission shall be paid for purposes of processing the application, enforcing the provisions
of this Chapter, and inspecting the real property subject to the application.
(e)
Posting of Permit. The permit must be posted upon the property and visible from the street
to be valid.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 11 of 24
ill City Commission Approved Plans. Permits. and Agreements. All permits issued by the City
Forester under this Chapter shall be required to be consistent. and not in conflict. with any
plans. permits. or development agreements approved by the City Commission. All permits
or portions thereof issued by the City Forester in conflict with any approval of the City
Commission shall be deemed null and void and the approval of the City Commission shall
remain in full force and effect.
Sec. 5-7
RESER"IED. Tree Pruning Standards.
Uti Standards adopted Trees intended for shade purposes shall be allowed to reach mature
canopy spread and shall be pruned in accordance with the ANSI A 300 Part 1 Pruning
standard and ANSI Z133.I safety standard. Pruning should be performed with defined
pruning obiectives and according to a specific pruning plan to accomplish the obiective
including the minimum and/or maximum branch size to be removed.
ill Unlawful Pruning. The pruning techniques described in Section 5-1 O(i) of this Chapter shall
be deemed unlawful.
Sec. 5-8.
Specimen or Historic Trees.
(a) Designation. Certain Trees, herein referred to as "Specimen" or "Historic" Trees, are of
especially great concern to the public because of ecological value, of indigenous character,
size, age or historic association. Determination that a Tree is a Historic Tree shall be made
by resolution of the City Commission after a recommendation of the Beautification Board of
Winter Springs. and the City Forester shall keep a permanent record of all Trees so designated
by the City Commission. Specimen Trees are all Trees (other than "Undesirable Trees"
identified in Appendix A, dead trees or diseased trees) which are twenty-four (2&24) inches
or more in diameter. Designation as an Historic Tree may occur in anyone of the following
ways:
(1) An applicant may request designation of an Historic Tree as part of any master plan,
preliminary subdivision plat, or site plan application. To do so, the applicant shall
submit an expert evaluation by a landscape architect, horticulturalist, city forester, or
other horticultural expert as part of the application.
(2) A property owner may request such designation at any time. To do so, the property
owner shall submit an expert evaluation by a landscape architect, horticulturalist, city
forester historian or other horticultural expert.
(3) The City's Forester may recommend such designation as part of their review of any
application for development, stating in writing their reasons for such designation, or
may make such designation as part of an overall Tree protection planning program for
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 12 of 24
the City or portion thereof
(4) Historic Tree designations shall be subject to approval by resolution of the City
Commission and the City Commission may grant tree replacement credits, upon
granting an Historic Tree designation.
(b) Removal. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Chapter, Specimen or Historic Trees
shall not be removed except for extraordinary circumstances and hardships and only by final
permit approved by the City Commission.
Sec. 5-9.
Tree Replacement Guidelines.
(a) Tree Replacement. All Trees that are removed or destroyed and subject to replacement by
this Chapter shall be replaced by a species of Tree cited in Appendix B, Desirable Trees or
Appendix C, Preferred Plant List or such other Trees properly approved by the City Forester.
Replacement shall occur prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy (if approval is
pending) or Replacement shall OCCtlr within ninety (90) thirty (30) days of removal or
destruction. whichever date is earlier. unless a greater replacement period is provided for
good cause by permit.
(b) Criteria for Replacement Trees is as follows:
(1) Characteristics of Replacement Trees. The replacement Tree(s) shall have at least
equal ~hade potential, screening properties, and/or other characteristics comparable
to that of the Tree(s) requested to be removed.
(2) Size of Replacement Trees. Replacement Tree(s) are to be made according to the
Tree Replacement Standards set forth in Table 1 a standard of one (1") inc.h DDII
total replacemeht for each one (1 ") inch DDII renlo~ed, unless (1) the Trees are
replaced ~ith Trees from the Preferred Plant List; or (2) otherwise agreed upon by
the City Commission and applicant. ACGeptable spadn~ and design standards are the
only Ciiteria that sha:l:l linlit the number of TIees used to meet the inGh fOI inch
requirement.
(3) Tree Species. Relocated or Replacement Trees shall include only species and sizes
defined as Desirable Trees (Appendix B) under this Chapter ordinance.
(4) Transplanting and Maintenance Requirements. All Trees transplanted pursuant to
this ordinance Chapter shall be maintained in a healthy, living condition. Any such
Trees which die shall be replaced and maintained by the property owner. The City
shall retain perpettlal jurisdiction for one (1) year to ensure compliance with this
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 13 of 24
Chapter.
(5) Waivers of Replacement Tree(s) Specifications. The number of required
Replacement Trees may be waived by the City Commission, if the City Commission
determines that the remaining number of Trees to be preserved on site are of sufficient
number and quality to substantially comply with the purpose and intent of this Chapter
and a tree replacement fee is paid to the City's "Tree Bank," which is hereby
established. Monies collected in the Tree Bank shall be used for enhancement and
maintenance of trees on public lands. The contribution to the Tree Bank may be
waived by the City Commission for individual homeowners. on a case-by-case basis.
if the homeowner can demonstrate that the payment of the fee will cause the
homeoWner an undue economic hardship. Substitute Tree(s) allowed under this
Waiver provision must have the approval of the City Commission. The value to be
paid into the tree bank shall be set forth in Table 1 and should be based upon
wholesale market value of the trees being replaced. plus installation and maintenance
costs to establish the Tree.
(6) Replacement Guidelines Afte171atitte. As an alternative to the one for one Tree
replacement requirement set forth in this Section, an applicant may elect to comply
with Tthe following Tree replacement guidelines shall apply:
(A) All Plant material shall be Florida Grades and Standard One (1) or better.
Applicant may deduct from the nnmb~ of Trees to be replaced, Tree
R-eplacement Credits based on the number of replacement credits as provided
in the Preferred Plant Materia:) List pro'\1ided that:
(i) AD plant nlaterials are Florida Grades and Standard One (1) or better,
and
(ii) All plant matetials are properly installed, and
(iii) The landscape plan for the proposed developn'l:ent or redevelopment
to which the credits are to be applied is prepared by a landscape
architect licensed by the State of Florida, and
(iv) The De\lelopel shaH guarantee SUI vival of retained and replacelllent
trees fur a period of one (1) year from the completion of construction,
unless a. greater time period is reqI:Ji:red by development agreement.
If retained or replacement Trees die durinS that time period, the
Developer shaH replace the tree in accordance ~ith a renledial action.
under Section 5-17 of this Chapter.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 14 of 24
(B) For each tree located within a public conservation area (excluding
iurisdictional wetlands detennined by the Sf. John's River Water Management
District or the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. or as depicted on Map V-
3:Existing Wetlands in the City of Winter Springs Comprehensive Plan)
dedicated to the City as part of a development project, three (3) replacement
tree credits may be applied to the total number of trees required to be replaced
by this Chapter. However, the minimum tree requirement set forth in Section
5-13 shall still apply. Such public conservation area must be at least one (1)
acre with widths not less than 125 feet, unless otherwise approved by the City
Commission. In addition, trees approved by the City Forester to reforest such
conservation area shall also be applied to the replacement requirement on a
one-for-one basis.
(C) If the City Commission determines, due to site conditions or configuration, it
is impossible or impracticable for the applicant/developer to meet the
requirements for Tree Replacement, under this subsection, the :City
Commission may allow the applicant/developer to pay into the City's "Tree
Bank" the amount it would have spent on Replacement Trees.
@ Tree replacement credit shall be allowed for the installation of preferred
plants in accordance with the provisions set forth in Appendix B: Desirable
Trees. In addition. for new development. tree replacement credit shall be
allowed for the preservation of existing Desirable Trees on the development
site. excluding wetland areas and existing conservation areas. as follows:
DBH of Preserved Tree
Reduction in
Replacement Trees
4" up to but not including 9"
1 credit
9" up to but not including 12"
2 credits
12" up to but not including 16"
3 credits
16" up to but not including 24"
4 credits
Specimen and Historic Trees
o credits
ffi) Trees planted under a powerline shall not exceed a mature height of twenty-
five (25) feet.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 15 of 24
ill Diversity of species shall be required for replacement Trees and not more than
twenty percent (20%) of the replacement trees shall be of a single species.
(c) Replacement Cost. The property owner shall be responsible for Tihe cost of replacing the
Trees removed from their property shaH be incurred by the p~ that removed the Trees or
property owner.
@ Elimination of Undesirable Trees and Shrubs. The natural vegetative communities existing
within the City shall be protected by the control and elimination of invasive. nonnative
species. To that end. the following guidelines shall apply:
ill Planting of Trees and shrubs listed in Appendix A Undesirable Trees. is prohibited.
ill Removal of Trees and Shrubs listed on Appendix A Undesirable Trees. from
commercial. office. industrial. or multifamily sites (excluding iurisdictional wetlands)
shall be completed. whenever practicable. as a requirement for approval of any
development permit issued by the City or the issuance of a certificate of occupancy
if applicable.
ill Control and elimination procedures shall in no way promote the proliferation of the
species through the dispersal of seed or other vegetatively reproducing parts.
ill Control and elimination procedures shall in no way harm or cause the decline of
preserved or planted Trees and landscaping.
Uti Limited Exception for Existing Single Familv Lots. Notwithstanding any other tree
replacement standard set forth in this section. a Tree Removal permit for a single tree shall
be granted. as a matter of right. for each existing single family home lot. provided the City
Forester determines that:
ill
The Tree is not a Specimen or Historic Tree;
ill
The Tree canopy covering the pervious portion of the lot after removal of the Tree
will be greater than fifty percent and
ill
A permit under this subsection (e) had not been granted during the preceding ten (10)
year period.
Sec. 5-10.
Prohibitions.
(a) Placement of Materials, Machinery, or Temporary Soil Deposits. It shall be unlawful to
place material, machinery, or temporary soil deposits within the Tree Protection Zone. as
calculated according to Appendix C: Calculating Tree Protection Zone. before or during
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 16 of 24
construction. Before or during construction the builder shall erect and maintain suitable
Protective Barriers around all Trees to be preserved. Upon written request, the City Forester,
on a case by case basis, may allow material or temporary soil deposits to be stored within the
Protective Barrier if no other storage is available.
(b) Climbing Spurs. It shall be unlawful to use climbing spurs or other similar device to aid in
the climbing of a live tree, where such device causes the puncture or tears the bark of the tree.
(c) Tree Spiking. It shall be unlawful to introduce any type of poison or reactive material to a
Tree for the purpose of causing it to die or become diseased.
(d) Strncture and Pavement Location. It shall be unlawful to place any structure or impervious
paving within eight (8') foot radius of any Tree Trunk or Stem having a diameter of four (4 ")
inches or more at Caliper.
( e) City Trees. It shall be unlawful to trim, prune, or remove any tree which is within the City's
rights-of-way or upon any other City property without the permission of the City evidenced
by the appropriate permit.
(f) Attachments. It shall be unlawful to attach anything to a Tree or Stem, including nails or
spikes, having a diameter of four (4 ") inches or more at Caliper, other than protective wires,
braces or other similar noninjurious materials.
(g) Cut and Fill Guidelines. It shall be unlawful to remove or add any material or ground within
the Tree Protection Zone unless otherwise permitted by the Forester.
(h) Encroachment of the Dripline. During the construction stage of development, the developer
or property owner shall not cause or allow Land Clearing, the use of heavy equipment or
material within the Dripline of any Tree or groups of Trees to be retained. Neither shall the
developer cause or allow the disposal of waste material such as paint, oil, solvents, asphalt,
concrete, mortar or any other material harmful to the life of a Tree within the Dripline of any
Tree or groups of Trees, or where planting beds are to be situated.
(i) Shearing, Hat Racking, Topping or Poodle Trimming of Trees (Lollipop). Lions-tai/in~.
Po//ardin~ of Trees. Trees intended for shade purposes shall be allowed to reach their mature
canopy spread. It shall be unlawful to engage in excessive pruning techniques on Trees
intended for shade purposes. Excessive shearing, pruning or shaping shall only be allowed
with a permit by demonstrating necessity or without a permit in times of emergency only. The
following are deemed unlawful excessive pruning techniques which are prohibited on shade
Trees:
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 17 of 24
ill Lions tailing: the improper practice of removing most secondary and tertiary branches
from the interior portion of the canopy leaving most live foliage at the edge of the
canopy.
ill Topping. hatracking. stag heading. de-homing. lopping. and rounding over: the
improper practice of reducing tree size by making heading cuts through a stem more
than two years old: a pruning practice that destroys tree architecture and serves to
initiate discoloration and perhaps decay in the cut stem.
ill Pollarding: the pruning technique that removes sprouts back to the same location
annually or biannually maintaining a tree to a specific height.
ill Shearing: a pruning technique which is typically accomplished with cuts made
through wood less than a year old at the sides of the canopy to create uniform dense
canopies.
ill Poodle trimming: combines shearing and removing lower limbs to create tree forms
that look like a "lollipop."
ill Construction near Adiacent Property. Walls. structures. and pavement shall not be
constructed in any way which will result in damage to roots within the Tree Protection Zones
of Trees located on adiacent properties.
Sec. 5-11.
RESERVED.
Sec. 5-12.
Permit Contents; Expiration; Removal After Expiration of Permit.
(a) Permit Contents. The Tree Removal permit, when issued, shall specifically identify which
Trees shall be permitted to be removed. The removal permits merely authorize the removal
of the Trees specified therein. Nothing in this Chapter shall be construed to require the
removal of such Trees by the permittee.
(b) Permit Expiration. Any permit issued under this Chapter shall automatically expire six (6)
months after issuance, except for permits issued in conjunction with a building permit which
shall automatically expire six (6) months after issuance or at such time the building permit
expires, whichever is later.
( c) Restrictions on Tree Removal After Permit Expiration. Trees not removed during the life of
the permit may not be removed without the issuance of a new permit based upon a new
application.
(d) Permit Display. The permit shall be located and maintained upon the site at all time until final
inspection or until issuance of a certificate of occupanqy if applicable. For new developments.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 18 of 24
the permit shall be attached to the "posting board" with other permits. For existing
developments and existing single-family residences. the permit shall be displayed so as to be
easily visible from the street.
Sec. 5-13.
Minimum Tree Requirement.
No certificate of occupancy shall be issued on the types of construction indicated below unless
the underlying parcel has at least the required minimum number of approved Trees:
(a) Any new single-family or duplex dwelling unit on a lot of less than 6,000 square feet or
greater: not fewer than two (2) Trees.
(b) Any new single-family or duplex dwelling unit on a lot equal to 6.000 square feet ofless than
between 6,001 and 10,000 square feet: not fewer than two (2) three (3) Trees plus one (1)
additional Tree for each 4.000 square feet over 6.000 square feet.
( c) Any single commercial, industrial, multi-family or other structure requiring site plan approval
under the City land development regulations: no fewer than six (6) five (5) Trees or
app!ox:tnlately three (3) four (4) Trees per acre, whichever is greater.
Sec. 5-14.
Tree Protection During Development and Construction; Periodic Inspection.
(a) Restrictions During Constrnction. It shall be unlawful for any Person, during the
construction of any structures or other improvements, to place solvents, petroleum products.
paint or masonry materials, construction machinery or temporary soil deposits within the
Dripline of any Tree for which a Tree Removal permit is required but has not been obtained.
This provision includes soil that is placed in the Dripline permanently for the purpose of a
grade change, unless the grade is changed according to the guidelines described in the Florida
Division of Forestry, Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Publication, Tree
Protection Manual for Buildings and Developers.
(b) Burden of Tree Protection on Property Owner. It shall be the responsibility of a developer
or applicant property owner and their agents to ensure that any Tree shown on the Tree
inventory for which a Tree Removal permit has not been obtained is to be protected. The
property owner shall guarantee survival of retained trees and Replacement Trees for one (1)
year from completion of permitted construction, unless a greater time period is required by
development agreement. If a retained or replacement Tree dies during that time period, the
property owner shall replace the Tree in accordance with a remedial action approved under
~ 5-17 of this Chapter.
(c) Protective Barriers and SifJ1Ulge Required. Posts shall be used as Protecti ve Darriers to the
roots and Trunk of e-:Jery Tree on the parcel being developed. The posts shaH be placed at
pomts not dose! than one-half radius of the Dripline of the protected tree, tmless the stmctl1! e
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 19 of 24
has been permitted by tile City to be erected within the Dripline ora Tree with a wide GClnOp}'.
Each seGtion orthe barder shall be cleM I)' visible (f1.a!;~ed with bdghtly colored plastic tape
or other markers). No attachnlents or wires other than those with a protective or nOll-
dama~in!; nature shaH be ctttaGhed to any Tree. Protective Barriers shall be installed prior to
construction (as determined using Appendix C: Calculating Tree Protection Zone) around
every Tree or group of Trees to be preserved. Waterproof. rigid "Protection Zone Area"
signs. as shown on Appendix D: Tree Protection Area Signage and not smaller than two feet
(2') by three feet (3') shall be posted at one hundred foot (1001) increments along the
Protective Barriers.
(d) Site Inspections. The City Forester may conduct periodic inspections of the site. It is the
responsibility of tl1e property owner and their agents a.pplicant to ensure that all provisions
of this Chapter are met.
( e) Adjacent Properties. The property owner and their agents shall ensure that the Tree
Protection Zones of Trees located on adjacent properties are protected as required by this
Chapter for Trees located on the site being developed.
Sec. 5-15.
Voluntary Tree Planting.
This Chapter shall not be interpreted to restrict, regulate or limit the voluntary planting of any
Tree within the City. The provisions of this Chapter govern only the planting of Trees which are
required to be planted or retained under this Chapter. Trees or plants planted in the City's rights-of-
way are subiect to removal or trimming by the City at any time. No tree or plant shaH be planted
within a. City ri~ts-of-~ay or easenlent without express pelnlissioll flom the City FOIester.
Sec. 5-16.
Waive"; Incentive Program; and Appeals.
(a) Waivers. The City Commission may grant a waiver to provisions of this Chapter where the
applicant demonstrates that the literal interpretation of the ordinance will deny the applicant
reasonable use of the property or where such waiver can be demonstrated to be consistent
with the purpose and intent of the ordinance. The preservation of any approved Tree over
four (4) inches in caliper may be considered as the basis for the granting of a waiver from the
literal application of the provisions of the City's land development regulations. If, in the
determination of the City Commission, the sole basis for the request for waiver is to preserve
such Tree which would otherwise have to be removed, it may direct any required waiver fee
to be waived.
(b) Appeals. Any Person adversely affected by an administrative interpretation of this Chapter
by the City Forester may first appeal that interpretation to the City Manager by filing a written
notice of appeal of said interpretation within ten (10) calendar days of said interpretation.
The City Manager shall decide said appeal within five (5) business days. Any Person
adversely affected by an administrative decision of the City Manager under this Chapter may
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22'
Page 20 of 24
appeal that interpretation to the City Commission by filing a written notice of appeal of said
interpretation within thirty (30) calendar days of said interpretation. Failure to file an appeal
within said the time period~ required by this subsection shall result in the administrative
interpretation to be declared final. The City Commission shall decide said appeal within thirty
(30) days of the City's receipt of said notice of appeal and the City Commission's decision
shall be final. Except for the mandatory time periods required for the notice of appeal. the
time periods required for a decision may be extended by mutual agreement between the City
and the Person filing the notice of appeal.
W Incentive Prowam. The City Commission reserves the right to offer and approve incentives.
for purposes of protecting and preserving mature Trees and planting enhanced landscaping.
Such incentives shall have a public benefit and may include. but are not limited to. varying
provisions of the City's hind development regulations (e. g. reduced parking: modified
setbacks) and providing credits to City development fees. Any incentives granted under this
subsection shall be consistent with the Comprehensive Plan and shall be by development
agreement or other formal approval.
Sec. 5-17.
Remedial Action.
(a) Violations Require Remedial Action. Where violations of this Chapter have occurred,
remedial action shall be taken to restore the property consistent with a restoration plan
approved by the City Forester or the City Commission if the violation is inconsistent with
plans. permits. or agreements approved by the City Commission. The restoration plan may
require Tree replacement at not more than a I arlo of four to one (4.1) and require mitigation
of any other damage to the property, as well as Tree replacements.
(b) R:ep:acenumt Pm mt4:a Tree Replacement Remediation Requirements. Each Tree destroyed
or receiving major damage during construction must be replaced by either a comparable size
and desirable type of Tree as listed within Appendix B or providing a contribution to the Tree
Bank equal to four times the contribution listed on Table 1: Tree Replacement Standards or
planting four (4) Preferred Plants listed within Appendix B four (4) Replacement Trees
before issuance of a certificate of occupancy or certificate of completion. Undesirable Trees
must be replaced with a desirable species.
(c) Property Owner to Guarantee Survival of Replaced Trees. The property owner shall
guarantee the survival of the Trees required to be placed under Subsection (b) above for a
period of two (2) years from the date the certificate of occupancy or certificate of completion
is issued, unless a greater time period is required by development agreement. If the
replacement Tree dies, the Tree shall be replaced in accordance with this section.
Sec. 5-18.
Enforcement; Penalties.
(a) Enforcement. The City may enforce the provisions of this Chapter by any lawful means
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 21 of 24
including, but not limited to, issuing a civil citation, bringing charges before the City's Code
Enforcement Board or special master, and seeking injunctive and equitable relief For
purposes of determining the penalties provided under this Chapter. the removal or death of
a Tree in violation of this Chapter shall be deemed irreparable or irreversible.
(b) Penalties. In addition to all other remedies set forth in this Chapter, the following civil fines
shall apply to violations of this Chapter:
(1) Failure to obtain a permit. .. Fine of$250.00 per Tree or $500.00 per
Specimen or Historic Tree removed. not to exceed $5,000.00.
(2)
Removal of a Tree without a permit. . .
exceed $5,000.00 per Tree.
Fine of$50.00 per Caliper inch. not to
(3) Removal of a Specimen or Historic Tree without a permit. . . Fine of $100.00 per
Caliper inch. not to exceed $5.000.00 per Tree.
ill Failure to abide by a cease and desist order issued under this Chapter. .. Fine of
$500.00 per day.
(2) Failure to obtain a contractor's license under Section 5-4(e) ... Fine 0[$100.00 (181
offense); $300.00 (2nd offense); $500.00 (3ro and each subsequent offense).
(3- Q) Any other violation of this Chapter . . .
Chapter.
Fine as provided by law and this
(c) Civil Fine Determination. In determining the amount of the civil fine under subsection (6)
above, the following factors shall be considered:
(1) The gravity of the violation.
(2) Any actions taken by the violator to correct the violation.
(3) Any previous violations of this Chapter committed by the violator.
(4) The number and size of the Trees removed. ifany.
(5) The historical significance of the any Tree removed if the Tree was deemed Historic.
(6) Whether the violation is irreparable or irreversible in nature.
(7) The remedial actions offered by the violator to restore the property consistent with
!his Chapter.
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 22 of 24
Sec. 5-19.
Authorization to Adopt Rules and Regulations and Fees for Implementation.
The City Commission is hereby authorized to adopt, by resolution, such rules and regulations
and fees as are necessary or proper to implement this Chapter.
Section 3. Repeal of Prior Inconsistent Ordinances and Resolutions. All prior
inconsistent ordinances and resolutions adopted by the City Commission, or parts of prior ordinances
and resolutions in conflict herewith, are hereby repealed to the extent of the conflict.
Section 4. Incorporation Into Code. This ordinance including all attached Appendixes
and Tables shall be incorporated into the Winter Springs City Code and any section or paragraph
number or letter and any heading may be changed or modified as necessary to effectuate the
foregoing.
Section 5. Severability. If any section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase, word or
provision of this ordinance is for any reason held invalid or unconstitutional by any court of
competent jurisdiction, whether for substantive, procedural, or any other reason, such portion shall
be deemed a separate, distinct and independent provision, and such holding shall not affect the validity
of the remaining portions of this ordinance.
Section 6. Effective Date. This Ordinance shall become effective immediately upon
adoption by the City Commission of the City of Winter Springs, Florida and pursuant to the City
Charter.
[Signature Page to Follow]
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 23 of 24
ADOPTED by the City Commission of the City of Winter Springs, Florida, in a regular
meeting assembled on the _ day of , 2003.
JOHN F. BUSH
Mayor
ATTEST:
ANDREA LORENZO-LUACES
City Clerk
Approved as to legal form and sufficiency for
the City of Winter Springs only:
Anthony A. Garganese, City Attorney
First Reading:
Second Reading and Adoption:
Effective Date:
City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2003-22
Page 24 of 24
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City of Winter Springs
Ordinance No. 2002-08
APPENDIX A: UNDESIRABLE TREES
Common Name , , Botanical Name
Mimosa, silk tree Albizia julibrissin
Woman's tongue Albizia lebbeck
Orchid tree Bauhinia variegata
Bischofia Bischofia javanica
Carrotwood Cupaniopsis anacardioides
Australian pine Casuarina litorea
(=C. equisetifolia)
Suckering Australian pine Casuarina glauca
Camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora
Laurel fig Ficus nicrocarpa
Glossy privet Ligustrum lucidum
Chinese privet, hedge privet Ligustrum sinense
Melaleuca, paper bark Melaleuca quinquenervia
Chinaberry Melia azedarach
Catclaw mimosa Mimosa pigra
Strawberry guava Psidium guajava
Guava Psidium Montana (= P. littorale)
Downy rose-myrtle Rhodomyrtus tomentosa
Popcorn tree, Chinese tallow tree Sapium sebiferum
Schefflera, Queensland umbrella tree Scheff/ere actinophylla (=Brassaia actinophylla)
Brazilian pepper, Florida holly Schinus terebinthefolius
Tung-oil tree Aleurites fordii
Paper mulberry Broussonetia papyrifera
Australian pine Casuarina cunninghamiana
Indian rosewood, sissoo Dalbergia sissoo
Ear-pod tree Enterolobium contortisilquum
Goldenrain tree Koelreuteria elegans
Lead tree Leucaena leucocephala
Senegal date palm Phoenix reclinata
Castor bean Castor bean
Rose-apple Syzygium jamb os
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APPENDIX C
CALCULA TING TREE PROTECTION ZONE
The following guidelines shall be applied to detennine the Tree Protection Zone:
I. Evaluate the species tolerance of the tree: good, moderate. or poor (See list on next page)
2. IdentifY tree age: young (< 20% of the trees life expectancy). mature (20% _ 80 % ofthe trees
life expectancy), or overmature (>80% of the trees life expectancy)
3. Using the table below. find the distance from the trunk that should be protected per inch of
trunk diameter.
4. Multiply the distance by the ~nk diameter to calculate the optimum radius (m fe.et) for the
'>-" tree protection zone. '"
Example:
A healthy 60- year old, 30" diameter California black walnut (poor tolerance. mature age)
1.25' X 30" = 37.5'radius tree protection zone.
Species Tolerance
Tree Age
Distaneefrom trunk
feet (per inch trunk diameter)
Good Young 0.5'
Mature 0.75'
Overmature 1.0'
, '
Moderate Young 0.75'
Mature 1.0'
Overmature 1.25'
:
Poor Young 1.0' , ,
, ' , ,
Mature 1.25' .,', ..
Ovennature 1.5'
Source: Trees and Development. a Technical Guide to Preservation of Trees During Land
Development. Nelda Matheny and James Clark, 1998. International Society of Arboriculture,
Champaign, IL
Common name SctenttBc name
Relative
tolerance 1
Comments
Balsa~ fir
White (ir
Mad a
Flonda maple
Vine maple
Chalk maple
Blgleaf maple
Blgleat maple
Box elder.
Striped l?aple
>>
Norway maple
S}'Camore maple
~ed maple
Sliver maple
Abks ba1sam~
Abks conco1or
Ac"c/a spp. ,
Aca barbatlim '
Good
Moderate
Poor
Moderate,
" ...;.
ACtTCfidnatUni ",
Aca ItuaJdcinr~ '
A~~a'"'P!iY.IIWn
': ~:'":. ,,:: .... .~. . ~ ..:
Good'
Poot,
Go~(r
:'1 ":;.:":'.
Ace m~p'hyl1um "'. p~i::;:,~:",.
Acanqundo ;, GoOd;",',>
Aar ptnsylvanlafin
Mode.ilite' ,
.. ,
- .'~ , 1
. ',.:':
't..
ACtT plattino1du " ,Moderate~good
Ace" p~plat.anUs : ,', Moderate',
Aca rubrum Modez:ate~good
Am satChirrinum
Poor-mOderate
Sugar maple ACtT saccharllm Poor-moderate
Mountain maple ACt,. splClltum Moderate
CaUfornla buckeye Aesculus call{omica Good
Red horse-chestnut Aescu1us x CClmeQ Good
YeUow buckeye AescuJus {lava Poor
Ohio bUCkeye Aescutus gtabra Poor
Red bu~eye Aesculus pqvia Moderate
Tree of heaven Ailanthus altlsstma Good
lAss1gned ellher by source or by Matheny and Cask.
Tolerant oC ioot loss and saturated solb.
Tolerant of root loss. Intolerant of saturat~:~d high salt soils.
(ntolerant of root Inlury. .:.f,
Intolerant of inechanicallnJury (poor compartmentalizaUon}.
~esponse.coriStratned by soil aeration and watec availability.
Best retaln~'d as chimps.
Response Is sIte deptndenl.' .
'Select spedirieiu With good crown structure.
Tolerant Qf root pruning and Injury but nof of fill.:'
D~lnes folloWing addltlon of tUl. ,
Tolerant oflOat loss and saturated'soUs. May tolerate some fill.
Select superior Individuals for preservation.' ,
lntoleranfofmechanJcal Injury (poor c:ompartmentallz.ation).
UinJted torera.nce to rnIaoCllrnate change. Tolerance greatest
wlthJn native range.
Moderately tolerant of root pruning.
ResPonse prObably auodated with geogtaphlc location.
, Tolerant of root pruning and saturated soils.
Ukdy to s,IOw.iy die baCk following root Inlury (Day).
May. toler4te some root pruning (Praedrkh) or loss (Hlghlshoe).
Some tolerance for CTOWn reduction pruning, fill soils and
saturated solli. Response variable within species (Coder)
Tolerapt 0' l'OOlloss.lnlolerant of saturated and flU soils.
rntoler~t of mechanlc.allnjwy (poor compartmentalization).
Umlted tolerance to microclimate change:toleTance greatest
within native range.
.
Shows good resistance to "contractor pressur~."
Intolerant of mechanlca.J Injur)' (poor compartmentallz.atlon).
Response constralned by soil aeratlon and water avaJlablllty.
Intermediate tolelance to root loss and saturated solis.
Poor acclimation response. Tolerant oC some fill.
Intolerant of mechanlcallnJury (poor compnrtmentalization).
Tolez:ant of root pruning. Cknerally good acclImation
response loUowing dlsturbance.
Source
Hightshoe
Day, Hlghtshoe
M1,theny & ClM!;
.
'Coder
Peepre
Code,
Beck
Dunster
Coder, Hlghtshoe, Sydnor
Coder
S. Clark, fraedrich
Gilbert
Coder, fraedrich, Hlghuhoe
Coder, Da)',
nacdrlch, H)gh~hoc. S~'dnor
S. Oark, Highlshoe. Sydnor
Coder
Mathen}' & C1cllk
Gilbert
Coder
Highlshoe, Sydnor
Coder
Day, Fraednch, Sydnor
,
" ,
.';'.1'.
I
I
I
i'
I
Relative
Cornmon name Scientific: name tolerance 1 Comments Source
- - ... -- . .- ........-
.-\1<1 m AII/lu spp. Good Show conslderoble re.slstance to "contractor pressures." GlIberl
Red Jlder Allllts ntbm Poor.moderate Retain only in groups or as Indlvid~aJs wIth ~tron8 tap~r Be<'k, Dunster, Peepre
Honel alder A/Illfs sarti/ala Good and structure. RelaUvely $hort'llve~: Intolerant 10 root Injury. Coder
Set\'lccberr}' Amt{andzia spp. Good Intermediate tolerance to root loss. Tolerant of saturated salls. Hlghtshoe, Sydnor
- Generally good accllmatlon response to site change.
Dol\'n~' servlceberry Amdallchfa arbcmn MOdera Ie Intolerant of mechantcaJ inJury (poor compartmentallzatlon). Coder
Response constrained by soU aeration and water avaUablllty.
I)e ....j I 's.\ \'a IkJ ngs rlck A.ralia spinosa Moderate Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentallz.ation)_ Coder
Mildrone A.rbutus m"'l/~il Poor Intolerant of site dlstwbance. Matheny &. CI<lrk
PiI "'POl I\' Aslmilln l1J1oba Good Coder
tilSlem llaccharis BaccJIC7ris imlimlfi>Jja Good - CodeI
BiT<'h Bttu/a spp. Poor.modera te Intolerant of roo I prunlng. Mature uees particularly sensitive Gllberl, Fraedrich
to development lmpacts.
rellow bicch Bf:tula all~gI101!it'lSis Moderate Intolerant of mechanlcallnjuty (poor compar1mentalJzation). Coder
Umhed tolerance ~o microclimate Change. Tolerance greatest within
native range. Response vanes.due to soil and water nVaJlablUty.
SWl"et birch Brt/lln Imtn Moderate Intermediate tolerance to root loss. Intolerant of saturaled salls. Coder, Hlghljhoe
Intolerant of mechanlcalln/ury. LlmHed tolerance to mlcrocl1mate
change.Tolerance greatest within native range.
River birch Bttlllalll.fTa Mod era te.good Variable tolerance oC root loss and saturated soUs. S. Clark, Coder,
Tolerant of minor amounts of flU. , Hlghljhoe, Sydnor
Paper birch Belllln papyrifem Poor.moderate In/toJerant of coristructjon Impacts,outslc;)e oC native range; S, Cla.rk, Day,
moderate wHhln. Prone to sunscald. Low tolerance to root inJury. Peeprc, Sydnor
. Br~nze birch borer much more severe under stress. Best retained
In groups or as select Indlvtdua.Js. u!-
Gray birch BttIlla PoplIlf{olirr Moderate-good Tolernnt of ConstnIctlon impacts within native range; moderate S. Dark, Sydnor
r~p.onse outsJde. ConstructIon Impacts/Injury Increases
su~ceptlblUty to bronze bitch borer.
Gum bumella Bume/1a lanllgfl10Sll Moderate Intolerant of mechanlcaJ Injury (poor compartmentallz.ation). Cod('r
Re~pon~e constrained by soU aeraUon and waler availability,
fim-Iahorn hum<:-II.. 8111/J<'/}a /)'rI(Jlrl~.t Moderate ' Inlolerant of me('hClnlcaIln/ury (pc>or compartrnenlaliultlon). Coder
, Response ('onstrlllned by soU aeri\t1on c1I'ld water availability.
Incense cedcu Cnlcx..'tdms rla,1'fT't1lS Moderale Mi\theny &. Clark
Blue beech; CnrpillllS cnrolllllmm Moderate In~olerant of loot loss and satUlated soUs. Swceptible to two-lined Coder, Highljhoe,
'hornbeam chestnut borer, particularly under condJt1ons of enVironmental Sydnor
s~ss. LImHed tolerance to climatic change. Tolerance greatest
wlttun native range. ~
1 Assigned ehher by sO~rCt.or by Matheny and Cark.
Relative
Common name Scientific name tolerance1
Water hickory Carya aquadca Good
Bitternut hickory Caryn corrfl/imnfs Good
Bitternut hickory < Cal)n cordifiJn7111 '. POOl:
Pignut hickory CaT)Uglabr~ " ' Moderate-g(xxi',
[>~ Cal}'a 1Il1nomsis : ' Moderate-good
Shagbark hickory CaI}tJ O\-ttta . ',:, ~odelate.g~
"
Shagbark hickory Cal}'a o~t~' Poor
Sand hickory CClJ)'A palllda,:, ".' Moderate ' '
Mockernut hickory Ov;u IOmt1]~osa' 'Moderatc:.gc>od
I
Mockertnlt hlcltoI}' CaJ)lCl tomentasa:,
Plorlda chinkapln CaUanm ntidfillta: ,
AJlegheny chlnkapln Castanc:a pUmlIa:
Ca~pa Catalpa spp~: :', .::> '
Southern catalpa Catalpa bigWnlofd~",:
Northern catalpa CalD.1pa's~~~~'..:,.,
Deodar cedar
~rus deodara, <,':-,
Suga.rbe.cry CAltis lamgata'
Georgia hackberry CAUls ~nu(fiJ1ia
Hackberry
CAltis oec1dmtaUs '
Common bultonbush Cephalanthu..t ,
occid en mils
l<4tsura.ttee CorldlphylllD1J
japonlazm
, Redbud
Alaska yellow.cedar
Cm:is canadmsls
ChnmateypariJ
noolka~ns(s
Chama<<yparts spp.
Chlonanthus "
virglntau
False cypress
Fr1ngdre-e
1 Assigned olher by source or by Matheny and Clulc.
Poor-mOderate'
MOd~rate<:..~-,;', ,
Poor. ' . :' :
Moderate: . ,
,.Good
Good'
". ..
GoOd
Good
Moderate
Good
,Good
Poor-moderate
Moderate
Good
Good
Moderate
Comments
:~
IntermedJate tolerance to root loss and saturatedrsolls.
WiU tolerate some 811. '
Response constrained by soli aeration and water avaUabllI ty.
Moderately tolerant of construction damage. Tolerant of some fill.
Wlndflrm. Hespol1se constrained lJy soli and water availability.
Moderateiy tolerant of construction damage. Thlerant of some fill.
Moderately tolerant 01 construction damage. Tolerant of some fill.
Wlndflrm., ,
Re5ponse constrained by soU aeration and wate~ avall~blllty.
Moderately tolerant of construction damage. Tolerant ot some fiJI.
Wlndfirtn.
Response constrained by soil aeration and water Availability. '
P~t problenu assOciated with development Impacts.
, Pest problertisassoelated with development Impacts.
Tolerant of siUUiated soUs. Intermediate In tolera~ to root loss.
----
Generally tolerant of disturbance Includlng rootlnlury. Prone to
basal deca)'. ,
1blerant of root and crown pruning. Intoluant ot excessive soU,
molstute;;leads to Annl/laria and PJrytophthora.
Intolerant of mechanlcallnjufy (poor compartmentalization).
rntolerant ot mecharilcallnlury (poor compartmentaUzation).
Response:constraJi1ed by soU aeration and water avallabiUty.
Tolerant of root loss.lntermecUate (Hlghtshoe) 01' low (Day) In
tolerance to saturated sol1s.
Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartrrientallz.ation).
Sensitive to tUJ and root dlsturbance. Rcqulres tree protection
zone at the drIpllne. Requires postconstrucUon care,
particularly supplementaIlI:rigation.
Response:constralned by soU aeration and water'3valJablUty.
Relatively wJndflnn. [ntolerant of changcs In water
table/soU moisture.
Show COnsiderable resIstance to 1# con tractor pressures. It
Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentallz.ation).
Response constI3lned by soli aeration and water availability.
I
'Source
Coder
High~hoe, S}'Clnor
Coder
S. Oar!:, Coder. Syonor
S. Clark, Sydnor
S. Clark, Sydnor
;1:.
Coder
Coder
S. Clark, Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Coder
HJgh~hoe
Coder"
Day. S}'dnor
~ ;'
Elli s
Coder
Coder
Day, HighUhoe. S~'l:Jn':lr
Coder
Cullen
Coder
Peepre
Gilbert
Coder
Relative
Common qame Sc:lentific name tolennc:e1
-------
Yellow-wOOd Clndl1lJtls /lIka Poor
Cinnamon clethra C/nhra tlCJ/mluatn Moderate
Buckwheat tiel' ClifWllla l11onop/lylln Moderate
Pagoda dogwood Comus cilte11li[o/in Moderate
Flowering dogwood Comus flonda ' Poor
Flol\'erlng dogwood Camus florida Moderate
Pacific dogwOOd Camus mltta1ll1 Good
Sh'i\lnp dogwood ' Camus sericia Good
Oeaked hazel Cory/liS (omuta G~,
Hawthorn Cmtat:ru spp. Moderate
Cocksp\lc hawthorn Cmlaq,u crus'3l1/11 Good
')
\ va.shinKton Cmlaqus Good.
h.1\\'thom pllamoprrum
Dcxred hc\\vthorn 'Crtllatlus ptltlCllltn Good
Cypr~se$ Cllprrssus spp. Good
Montl're~' cypress Ct'pressfls Poor
wacrocnrpn
.. S\\iunp C>"fl1la CJ'rilJa rtlctllll{1om , Moderate
Persimmon DlosprrOS v1r:llllmtn GoOd
Easlern coralbean ErytltrllUr IJlrbaera Moderate
E\lcillyprus EJl'alyptu~ spp. , Moderate
Eastern '1'ahoo Euollymus ' .Moderate
t1troplrrpllreJU
Ilel:('h F~tis spp: . Poor:,
American beech FCJ,flls &Mudlfoller Poor,
F.\HoJ)(.1n brech FnSIl.~ sy.1vtltim Poor'
SIr,1ml' Vrh'l.'t Putr'stlmt Ilt111111uCl/(' Good,
, Moderate
Ash FrdxluuS-spp.
White ,uh Frmclmu tlmmcnlltf Modeia~800d ,
C.llollo" cuh Frnxiuiu cnrollllinner ' Cood;'
1 AsSigned either by SOwc~'Sr by Matheny and Clark,' ,;.:'
. ~~:;~ :.:.~;~ ;:~:: .:~: .; .
, .
Comments
Response Is 3ite dependent.
Intolerant of mechanlcallnJury (poor ~~mpartmentallzallon).
Response constrained by soli aeration '\Od water availability.
Intolerant of mechanlcal injury (poor compartmentaUzaUon).
Response const.ra!ned by.soU aeraUon and Water avaUabUlty.
Intol~rant of mechanIcaJ lnJury (poor compartmentaUzatton).
Intolerant of 3lte dJsturbance.
fntol~rant of mechanIcal Injury (poor compartmentallzatlon).
Pest probJenu assodated with development lmpacu.
, Intolerant ot mechanical Injury (poor. compartmcntaUzatlon).
JnterrpedJate tolerance to root loss and satucated solu.
Sensitive to wtndthto\v It canopy ra1sed. Some toleranC'e
10 disturbance. .
SusceI;>tible to windthrow. Tolerates some dlstwbance.
Susceptible lo wtndthrow. Tolerates some disturbance.
Show 'considerable resutance to "contractor pressures."
Intolerant of site disturbance. .
intolerant of rncchanlcaJ Injury (poor compartmentaUzaUOn).'
Tolerant of saturated $ol1s. Pest PToblems associated With
. I
development Impacts. . r
intolerant of mechanlcaJ Injury (poor compUtmentaUzat1on).
Modeiately tolerant pI root 10>>. lntoJeJant of Jill,
Intolerant of mechanlcallnlury (poor compartment.a1Jzatlon).
I I, ,;
hltoler~nt of root prunJog. Poor response to Injury.
Intolerant of flU soil.
ResPonse ls site dependent.
Mature trees PC\rtlcularJy SlIsceptible.
l\:foderately tolerant of root pruning.
T~lerant of root loss. Jnlermedlate In tolerance to saturated soUs.
If.ltolercint of mechilnlcill Injury (poor COOlp,lCtmcntaIlZiltion).
I
Respo":5e constrained by. .soU and water availability.
Source
COder
Coder
COder
Coder
Sydnor
,-
Coder ..
Pee pre
Coder
Coder
HighlShoe
Sydnor
Sydnor
Sydnor
G,llbert
Matheny & Clark
Coder
Sydnor
Coder
Matheny &. Clark
Coder
Fraedrich, Sydnor
Coder
Gilbert
Coder
s. Clark, Frae'drich
S. Clark, Coder,
HJ~hlShoe, Sydnor
Coder
,
i
I '.
Common name Scientific name
Relative
tolerancel
Comments
Europe.anash
Black ash
Gr~n ash
Frcu/nus acdsior
Fnz.:dnus nlpil
Fraxlnus ,
powylvanlta . _ '
Fraxmus, '"
Quadtrlitjulata'
Fra:dnusuhdri '
Fraxirws vtlutfna
'Modesto' ,
Ginkgo bllobQ, '
G~ltsla a.quatEca
Gledlula trlcuanthos
f.lnennls
Loblolly bay Gordonlfllaslanthus
Kc.otucKy coHee-tree Gymnodadus diolcus
Blue ash
Shamel ash
Modesto ash
Ginkgo
Water locwt
Honey locust
uroUna sil\'erbell Hal~sl(J carol/NIl
Moderate
Good
'Good
Good,
Good
Good
GOod
Good
Good
Good
Good
Moderate
Two.....ringro slh'erbe1J Halesi4 dipt.era Moderate
Uttle sllverbel1 Hnl~sla parvi{tom Moderate
Witch-haul Hamamelis Slfrglnittna Moderate
CarOlina holly Jltx amblgua Good
Dahoon ntJC ca.ss1ne Good
Large ga1\beny I1a corlaaa Good
Po~swnhaw lIa dtcldua Good
Mounuln Iltx montana Modera te.good
wlntc:rbeny
Mynle dahoon JltJC myrtl[ol/n Good
AmcrJc.a.n hoUy flex opaca Good
Coinmon wtntelbeny na vertldllata Good
Yaupon holly ntX vomltorla Good
] ^~~gncd either by SOutel: or by Matheny and auk.
Tolerant 01 root loss and saturated soils. :f
Tolerant o(root pruning and loss. Benefits from supplemental
,Imgatlon (ollow.1rlg Injury. Tolerant of saturated solis and fill.
Tolerant of root pruning. Best With 1rrlgation following dlsturbance.
Tolerant o(root pruning. Requires supplemental irrigation follOWing
root loss/lnjury.:,
Tblerant oJ root pruning.
Tblerant of root pruning and sHe dlsturbance. lntermedlate
tolexance to saturated soUs.
fntermedJate tolerance to root loss and saturated salls.
Tolerant of site dlrturbance.
, lntolerant of mechanlcallnjut), (poor compartmentalization).
Response constrained by soil aeration and water avallablUty.
Umlted tolerance to microclimate change. Tolerance greatest
wlthJn native range. ' ,
Intolerant of mechanical lnlury (poor compartmentaUzation).
,Response constrained by JOU aeration and water availability.
Intolerant of mechanlcallnjury (poor compartlnentallzaUon).
. 'Response constrained by soU aeration and water availability.
Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentallzaUon).
Response corutrained by soli aeration and water avallabllity.
Umlted tolerance to mJoodim.ate change. Tolerance greatest
wlthtn nal1ve range.
Tolerates some fill.
.'.
Source
Gilbert
Hightshoe
Coder, Da}',
Hightshoe, Sydnor
Sydnor
EJIls
Matheny & Clark
Praedr1ch, Sydno,r
Coder
Coder, Praedrich.
Hlghtshoe, Sydnor
Coder
Hlghl'3hoe. Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder, S}'dnor
Coder
Coder
..........,.-
'-oummon name SdentiBc name tolerance1
C1lilomia bJilCk walnut lUg/aIlS l1/lIdsil Poor
8JJck walnut Jlls/an! IlWa Poor-moderate
En~Ush walnut JlIllauf rtgfn Poor
Rocky MOllnt<:lln IIlII/(1(fIIS Poor
Juniper scopulonlnl
EJst~rn red cedar JUII;ptnu ylrz'ill;alla Good
Mountain '<:lure! Kn/",ln/nli{olln GOod
Tamarack Larix InrlclfJ(l Moderate
Sweetgum Llquiclambrtr . PoOr.good
.. styrao'flua
,
Tullptree Lin'oduldron Moderate
tullp/{un
TlIlIptree I.lriOrklldr01I Poor
tullpI{un
Cucum~rtree Masuolin nOlln/llnta Modezate
f,"ser magnoUc1 Mallfolla fms~rl Poor
Southern nt<:lgnolia Magnolia grnl/dlflorn Poor or good
Solllhern magnolia MaSllolia pnlldlflom , Moderate
Pyrilmld magnolJa MaSllolla pyrnmidntn Poor
Sweet b:l)' Mngilolln 't/rglI11nlUJ Good'
Applej MnlllS sp'p, Moderate
SO\lthern crabapple Mnlus tIIlfUStJfol1n MC?derate
1 Assigned elt~r by ~oUlc'e acby Matheny arid Clark.
. , .
Comments
Dies slowly following even minor root InJury or changes to
water table. Crown reductJon prunulg may be fatal. Requires
tree protection zone at or b~yond the~d.rlplIne,
rntolerant of lOOtloS3. lntennedJate ~oJeranc~ to saturated soUs.
Intolerant of mechanlcalln}ury (poor compartmentall.z.ation).
Response COClStnlned by soli aeraUon and \Yater availabWty.
Usually grafted onto Wfomla black walnut nock.
SenslUve 10 root Pruning and flll joil. Llkely to decline follOwing
grade change and loss of roolS. Very susceptible to borers
wh.en stressed.
Tolerant of root loss. Intolerant of saturated solis. Jntolerant of
me!:hanJcaJ Injury.
Tol~rant or root loss and saturated soils.
Jntermedlate responje to fiU and root inJury. Breadth ot
I
tolc;rance may be due to pre-ex.lst:1ng site condJtions and
within spedes variation.
rntolerant of fOOt prunJng. Sensitive to woundJng.
Intolerant of rnechanJcallnjury (poor compartinentallzation).
I
Response constra.lned by soU aeration and water availability.
Intolerant of mechanical InJury (poor compartmenta1Jzat:1on).
Into'lerant of m~hanlcal injury (poor compartmentalization).
Umited tolerance to mlcrocl1mate change.1'oJerance greatest
tfithln natJve range. '
Response dependent upon locat1on: good w1thln native range;
poor outside It. rn CallIornla, It declJnej folloWing 1001 Lnlury
and site dljl\lrbance.
Intoleram of mechanical InJury (poor compartmentalizaUon).
rntoierant of mechanIcal Injury (poor compartmentalization).
Umlled tolerance to mlcrocUmate change, Tolerance greatest
with.tri native range.
1'olerbnt of saturated jOUs.
-
'ntolerant of mechanical inJury (poor compartmentaliza t1on),
1JmJted tolerance to mlaocUmate change. Tolerance greatest
within native range. Pest problems assodated with development
Impact's.
. ..
Source
Mal11eny &. C"uk
Hight5hoe, Sydnor
Matheny & Clark
Day
Coder, Hlghtshoe,
Sydnor
Coder
Hlghtshoe
S. Clark, Coder,
Matheny & Clark,
Sydnor
Fraec1Iich, Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Coder
Matheny & C1aIk,
Sydnor
Coder
COder
Coder, Sydnor
GUbert
COder
.,
.'
I (I .
,
Sweet crabapple
Common nam.e ScleDWic riame
,,". '. .~: ','
Apple
Ptalrle CTab&lppl~
Wt)ite mulbeay .
WhIte mulbeuy
Red mulben:y
Southem bayberry
Evergreen baybeny
Water tupelo
Ogeechee tupelo
'I
Blad< gum'
DevUwood
I
American
hophombeam
I
SO~'OOd
Sou.rwood
Emplw-tree
Redbay
Norway spruce
"WhIte spruce
Black spruce
Colorado SpNce
Pinckneya
la~ pine
Canary bland pine
ShorUeaJ pine'
Pinyon pine
Malus coronarla.
Malus dOl~eitf~~ '~~.;. .
Mnlu.s iocn.ds
MolllS aJbQ
MolllS aJba
Morus TU11ill .' ,
M)ffca cerl{iflt'::. :
Myrica ~ttrophY1ra
Nyssa. aquatica
Nyssaog<<ht
Nyssa syfYQtica
Osmanthus
amtrlcanus
OSllya Yirginlana
OXydmdtum
arboTr!Um
Oxydmdrum
arbomun
PauJownla tDmmtoSa
Penta borbonlo
PiCtQ abies
Pleta slauca
Plua mariana
Plc~a pungms
Pindwya pubnu
Pinus bankslana
Pinus t:4narknsis
pinus tehlnala
Pinus tdulis
:,::'.r~ . '.,
: . Relative . .
. toleraric~l. . COmments
~oderate~good
GoOd
Good
Moderate
Good
Good
Good
Good .
Good
Modera te
Good
MOderate'
Moderate
Moderate
Poor
Good
Good
Moderate
Moderate ,
Good
Moderate
Moderate
Good
Good
Moderate-good
Modera te
l^s~gned either by source or by Matheny and Oalk,
Intolerant of mechanIcal lnJury (poor C'OmpartlJ!~ntaUut1on).
Umlted tolerance to microclimate change. Thlerance grealp.st
within native range, Pest problems associated w.fth development
Impacts.
Tolerant of some fill.
Tolerant oJ dlsturbance and fill.
Tolerant oCdlsturbance and fiU.
rntolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentallutlon).
Response constrained by soli aeration and water availability. .
Response constrained by soU aeration and water avallablUty.
Intolerant o( mechanlcallnlury (poor C'Ompartment.a1Jzatlon).
[ntolerant of root loss and satulated salls. Two.llned chestnut
borer will attack tO~Ow1ng disturbance, Response Is site dep~.ndenl.
W1ndflrm.
,
Tolerant of s1~e disturbance.
Often wlndthrows. [ntolerant of root loss.
Tolerant of root loss, Intermediate in tolerance to saturated soils,
Tolerant of root loss and saturated solis.
Intolerant of saturated soils. In,termedlale In tolerance to rool
loss, Often wlndthcows.
Intolerant ot mechanlcallnJU!Y (poor compartm'entaJizatfon).
Tolerant of root Joss, Intolerant ot saturated solis.
Tends to have sinker roots close to trunk.
Pest problems assodated with development Impacts. Tolerant of
some fill soli.
Thlerant oC root pruning. Intolerant of saturated and poorly
drained soUs. I
.'
Source
Coder. Sydnor
Sydnor
Sydnor
Matheny & Clark
Sydnor ..
Coder, S)'dnor
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder, S1'dnor
Coder
Coder. Highlshoe,
Sydnor
Sydnor
Coder
Sydnor
Coder
Sydnor.
Hlghuhoe
Hlghtshoe
Day. Highlshoe, S)'dnor
Coder
Hlghtshoe. Sydnor
EJ lis
Coder, Sydnor
Da}:'
Relative
Common name Sdenliflc name tolerance] Comments Source
.. -. ---'-.
Slash pine . Prmu tlliottii Good Coder
Spruce pine Pinus glnbm Good Cod~
AlIstnan pine Pimu nigra Good Tolerant of some fill and root prunlllg/inJury. Day, Sydnor
longleaI pine Pimu pal/iStris Moderate-good UmJted tolezance to mlcroclimate.Change. Tolerance greatest Coder
Within native range,
Ponderosa pine Phrus.pcnduosn Good Tolerant of flU within ddpllne and root pnmlng. Intolerant of poor Day
d.nln'age, overwaterlng, and h1gh-~oluble salts.
Tabk: mountain pine Pimu pUl180u MOderate,good Umlted tolerance to mJcrocllmate cllange. Tol~ce greatest Coder
within native range.
Monterey pine Pinus (ad;ata Moderate RequlIes supplemental irrigaUon follOwing disturbance-. EJlls
Red pine Pimu re.sinosa Good Tolerant of root loss. Jntolerant of saturated $olli. High/shoe, Sydnor
Pitch pine PIllIu rllidn Good --"- Coder, Sydnor
DIgger pine Pinus saDilliana Moderat~ Matheny Ex Clark
Pond plne Pi1lus Serotill/l Good Coder
, White pine PInus Stro~12IS Moderate lblerant of root lass. Intolerant of satuzated .soUs or changes Coder, High/shoe,
,
In soU moisture. Response often site dependent. Sydnor
ScOIS pine /')'IlUS syl~strls GoQd To~erant of root Joss. Intolerant 01 saturated salls. Hlghtshoe, Sydnor
loblolly pine Pinus tCltdn Moderate-good MQderate tolerance to root Joss. Jntolerant of saturated solls.
JnJllry Increases swcepttblUty to southern pine beeUe. S. Clark, Coder, Sydnor
Virginia pine Pinus Ylrgill/allQ Poor-modl.'ra te Prone to wlndthrow and root decay. Matheny 6< Clark,
Sydnor
Virg1nla pIne Pinus ";r:fn}nnn Good -..... Coder
Planer tree Plnnan aqllatfca Good Coder
london plane Platauru x nctrl(olln Poor or good Re~ponse appear~ to be location dependent,ln.e.utern U.s., Matheny &- Clark,
. . str~ into]ezant In northern part of range, In CaUfomla, Sydnor
, very tolerant. Benefits hom suppJef!1tntal1n1gaUon.
Eolstem sycamore Platanus omdQltnlIs Moderate. IntennecUate to]eranct" to construction damage; Moderate s. Clark, Sydnor
tolc;:rance of IUI soU.
Eastern sycamore . Platanus o<<ld~ntal~ GOod Coder
Western $ycamore P/atnnlls mmnosn Moderate Matheny & Clark
Poplars POplltJU spp. Good Show considerable Ieslstance to "contractor pre$.SJures.'" Gilberl
F.ast~rn cottonwood PupllllU dldlold~ Moderatr-good Interml!rllote to good tolerance of root loss, (11/ soli, and S. Clark, Coder,
.. ~a~rilted salls. Highlshoe. Sydnor
Western cottoO\vood Populru tmnollm . Poor Prone to wlndthrow and decay. Matheny & Clark
Blgtoolh ajpen POplltJU sraudldmtatn Poor-moderate Tol~rj\nt of rOOI Jos.s. Intolerant of saturated salls. Hlghlshoe. Sydnor
I.~HlIb:ml)' poplilr POpll/US lIi.rm Moderatr-good TolerClnt of minor amountj of fW. Intolerant 0/ ch&lnges In Beck
'JtaJlca' soU.molsture. Decays Tapldly. SwceptlbJe to windthrow.
I Assigned dther by source or by Matheny and Clark.
j
,
Relative
Common name Sclentlfic name tolerance1
..
Plains cottonwood Populus salfmtii Moderate
Quaking aspen Populus b~mu/oida Moderate
Blad cottonwood Populus trichocarpa Poor
American plum Pnu,US americana Moderate
ChJckasaw plum Prunus angustifolla Moderate
CaroUna Iaurelcherry Prunus carolinlana Good
Canada plum Prunus nigra Moderate:
Fire chen)' Prunus puuylvanko Moderate
Black cherry ['nmus serotintl Poor
Black cherry Prunus sontinn MOderate:
F1atwoods plum P,llI1US umbellalil Moderate
Douglas-fir PMudofsugn Poor'good
mUlzlesli
Hoptrc:e. P~/ea trlfoliatn Modera te:
. Callery pear f}ru.s c.allcrynna Moderate
Oaks QuntUS spp, Moderate
Coast live oak Quercus azrlfOl/(I Good
I
WhJ te oak Q~rtUS alba Poor ,
White oak Quanu alba Moderate .
White oak QUOOlS alba Good
Swamp whJte oak QUatllS blcolor
Scarlet oak Quercus cocdnm
Sc3r\et oak Q~ttUS cocdma
Durand oak Qucrus dlD'andli
Souther.n red oak QI/l'l"CUS (oleate
CheCT)'bark oak Q~rrus (alcata
I vat. pogocJae{olia
1 Assl&T}ed either by source 01 by Matheny and Clark.
Good
Pool.modera te
Good :
Cood'
Moderate.good
Good
Com men ls
-.----..
-----.---.--.-.-.---. .,.
Day
Defoliation and dleback may follow excessive rciqt loss.
Intolerant of crown reductIon pruning. Supplementallrr1gatlon
required fOllowing root Injury. Tolcrant. of some grade change.
Tolerant of root loss. Intolerant of saturated soils.
Mature trees prone to Wlndthrow and trunk failure.
IntolcIant of mechanlcallnlury (poor compartmentallz.atlon).
Response constrained by soli aeration and water avallablUty.
Intolerant of mechanical InJury (poor compartmentalization).
Responie constraIned by soU aeration and water avallabUlty.
Tolerant of root loss. Intolerant of saturated.solls.
Intolerant of mechanlcallnJury (poor compartmentalization).
Intermediate tolerance to root loss, Intolerant of saturat~d soUs.
SeJ~ct young, vigorous Indlviduals for pre.se.rvaUon.
Intolerant of mechanlca1ln/ury (poor C'ompartmentallz.ation).
Intolerant of mcC'hanlcallnjury (poor C'Ompartrnenta1lz.ation).
Tolerant of fill solllC limited to one-<tuarter of lOot lone.
However, may decline slowly fOllOWing addlt10n of fill.
Tolerates root pruning. Intolerant of poor drainage.
Susceptible to balk beetles following Injury.
Intolerant of mechanlcallnJury (poor compartmentallzatlon).
Intolerant oC root pruning.
Sensitive to addition o( fill soli around base of trunk,
Intolerant oC frequent summer lrriga tion. Bark Ii sensitiVe
to sunburn followIng pruning.
Intolerant of root loss and saturated solU.
A common survivor of construcUon activity. Modesate
tolerance to fill soli. Response constrained by soil aeration
and water avallabUlty.
Tolerant of some fiU.
(ntolerant of construction lnJury.
Largely Intolerant of construction Injury.
,
Source
Day, Highl.sh~
Peepre
Coder
Coder
Code,
Hlghlshoe
Coder
ffightshoe, Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Beck, Dunster
Coder
Fraedrich
G II be.rt
Matheny & Clark
Hightshoe
S. Clark
Coder, Sydnor
Day, S)'dnor
S. Oark, Sydnor
Codcr
Coder
S. Oark. Coder, S)'dnor
Coder
Common name
Scientific name
Oregon White oak QIlm1ugarryrma
Shingle oak QCI(1'CClS ImOrlcarla
Blu~lack oak QumlU Incnlltt
California black oak Qtlm:ta-ullozgil
Turkey oak Quncus InMs
Laurel oak Qltnn/S Inllri{olla
Valley oak
O,,'errup oak
Bue oak
QJlm1U JOMta
QrreTC'lU Iyratn
Qr/UCtlS nutC10cnrpn
')
Relative
toJerance1
Good
Good
Good
Moderate
Good
Modezate
Moderate
Good
Moderate
Bur oak QIC~m/S maCTDCCupcl Good
Blackjack oak QIlm:ur mari/andica Good
Swamp chestnut oak QJlm1/S mlchnwcji . GOod
. Chinquapin oak QUtl'CU Good
mitthltnbn:lI
Water oak Qumtu.,IIgm Good
Pin oak Qutrau palJUtris Mod~rate-good
WiUowoak QJltina pht1/os . Modente.good
Chestnut oak Quema' prlmu Moderate.good
Northern red oak QUm1U TUbrn Moderate-good
Shumard oak QC1m1U sl1ranardil Good
Post oak Qtltmu Sltl1nla Poor.good
III a\'!: a:a" Qutn:lIs wlt/lllla Moder&lle
Black oak QII~m/S wlutlnn Good
Uve oak QUt1C/S Ylrgln/cmn Good
I Assigned ellhel by source 01 by Matheny ~nd Clark.
-:.(
Comments
Subject to nubitlonal problems. when alkaline subb~ Is wed.
Intolerant of extreme variation in moisture. Poor
compartmentaUzation response.
rmo]erant of summer Irrlgation and 1ll! soil.
Relatively tolerant of root injury, although may be CWOClaled
wHh ao\Vn dleback, SupplementallrTlgatlon required following
root injury, Intermediate tolerance to saturated solls
(pr.Urle azeas, U.S.). .
Tolerant of fill and compacted soils (eastern U.s~)
Tolerant of site cllituIbance,
Tolerant or satluated solis.
Intennedlate tolerance of root loss and saturated soUs.
. Response constrained by soU aeration and water availability.
Response constrained by'sou acratfol} and water avaUabWty.
Tolerant under good growing condJUans.
Response constrAined by soU aeration and water avaJlabUlty,
LImited tolerance to microclimate change. Tolerance gre<1test
w1thJn naUve range, Tolerant of roo\ J0S3.
Variation may be ~eographlc in origin; poor In south,
good In mIdeastern U.S. (Ohio).
Inloleranl of root lo.s.s and saturated jolls.
ffigh tolerance for various soli types a$ well as trenchJng,
co~paction, nnd drought. Good compartmentaJlzation response.
Umlled toleTaIlce 10 ~te change. Tolerance greatest within
native range.
Source
Bell, Matheny & Clark
Sydnor
Code-r
Matheny & Clark
Coder
SlebenthaJer
Matheny &. Clark
Coder
Day, Hlghlshoe
Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Coder, Sydnor
Coder, Sydnor
S. Clark, Hlghtshoe,
Sydnor
Coder, Sydnor
Coder, Sydnor
Coder, Hlghlshoe,
Sydnor
Coder, Sydnor
S. Oark, COdt'l, Sydnor
Hlghtshoe, Sydnor
Coder
Coder, Sieben lha ler,
Sydnor
"
~
Common name Sdentific name
Relative
tolerance1
Comments
.. . --.-.-.--- --.----- ........ -.. . ...--.. .-.....-..-.......-.. . ......----. . "--
.....-...-.... .....-.--... . ...............
Coder
Carol11a buckthom Rhamnus carolln/ana
Catawba
rhododendron
Rosebay .
rhododendron
ShIning sumac
Smooth sumac
Staghorn sumac
Black locust
WUlow
Weeping wUlow
RhOdodtndion
cattrwblmse
RhodOdtndron
nuve/mean
Rhlu copa1lina
Rhus slnbra
RhJt.l typhllUl
Robinia pStudoacacJa
Sallx spp.
Sa/iJe babylonlca
Coastal plain willow Sa/Ix c:arollnlnna
Black wUlow .$QUi nigra
Silky willow
Sall.% micttl
American elder Sambucus canadmsis
Sassafras Scwafras nlbldum
Cc"lliromia peppenree
Co."l~t redwood Seep/o/a
S071pm-irms
GI:llll redwood StlJUlJladoUtron
g/snntmm
MOulltO\ln ash Sorbus tlJtcJlparla
AllIlYimn bSilddemut Stnphylm trifa/ia
.Vlrl::IIl~'l slcWil/lla St~rtin
malncodendron
Mountain stewilrtlil Slnvartla omla
Alm'r1C';\1\ 5nClwbell Styrax nmmcann
1Ii~ll';lf S1\CI\vbcll
Commlln S\\'(.~llc:tr . S}'II//,1ocos t1nctorla
Styrax STnlldlfol1n
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
. Moderate
Moderate
Good
Good
Moduate.good
Moderate.good
Good
Good
Good
Poor
Good
Schlma moll~
Good
Moderate
Moderate
Good
Good
Good
Moderate
Moderate
Good
--....-----
1 "~51J.:m.d ,'lUll" h)' SllllCl~ tit by Mntheny.and Clizk.
Intolerant of mechanlcallnjury (pooreomparbnentallzatlon),
Response constrained by jOU aeratlon..and water availability.
Intolerant oJ me<-hanlcallnlury (poo{compartmentaliz.atlon).
Intolerant of mechan1ca11nlwy (poor compartmentallzaUon).
rntolerant of mechanical injury (poor compartmentalization).
Intolerant of mechanical Injury (poor compartmentalization),
Regenerates quickly (rom root sprouts (ollowing disturbance,
Tolerant of root loss and fill soU,1ntc:ilerant of $aturated solis.
Serult1ve to borers when stressed.
Moderately toleranl of Toot pruning and fill soli. Show conslrlerable
resistance to "contractor pressures."
Disturbance may lead to cankering. Tolerant of some fill.
Increased likellhood of windlhrow with satUrated soIls.
Tolerant of root 10$$ and saturated soIls, Tolerant of some fllt.
Response u site dependent.
Regenerates from root suders following disturbance.
Moderate
SupplernenlaJ 1n1gatlon required If located out of nat1ve range,
as' well as during construction and following inJury.
Intolerant of summer Irrigation 2lnd fill so11.
Tolerant of root 10M. Intermediate In tolerance"to saturated soils.
Intolerant of mechanlcaJlnJury (poor compartmentalization).
Response constra}ned by soil aeration and water availabl1lty.
lntol~rant of mechanfca11njury (poor compartmentaJlzaUon).
Response consl:1alned by soU aerat10nand water avallabUlty.
Intolerant of mechanlc.aJ tnlury (poor compartmentalization). -
Source
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Sydnor
HlghlShoe, .sydnor
Day, fraedrich, Gilberl
S. Clark, Sydnor
Coder
Coder, Hlghlshoe,
Sydnor
Coder
Coder
Codes, Sydnor
Ellis
Matheny & CIJrk
Matheny N Clark
Hlghtshoe
COOl:!
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder
t',
.,.
!
,
I
i
!
I'.
.!
" ;
Common name
Scientific name
Relative
tolerancel
,
Comments
Source
OaJd.c)'press
Taxodium dijtichum
Pond cypress Tnxodiltm dHtidllull
Vat, llI/tnns
. Koethem white Cl'dar Thujn ocridrntnlis
Weslern red cedar Tlfl/jn pllrnra
Wl'Stern red cedar
linden
"
Basswood
C~loljna basswood
White basswood
Poison sumac
[.aslern hemlock
\ \~stem hemJoc\.:
l:Jn:1
Win~ed elm
Americ:ln elm
Al1\C'rirOlIl dm
.
Sibe.ian elm
Slippery elm
Slip IX' r y.~111l
17l1CJa pUct/ra
1i1in spp,
nUn aUlntet/tln
TIUn carolilllt/lln
nlin IlderoplJylln
To:ICiCO!fmdroll
I~llix
nfl~n calladmsls
TslIgn 1~~ropl1yl/n
Ulmus spp.
Ulmus alotn
Ulmus amtrienlln
Ulmrr.f nmt'rirlllln
Ulmus pumUn .
tnmus nsbrn
Ulmus mbrn
c:llilOrnla ba)' Umlielli.ll~rln
califol)/kn :
Sparkleberf)1 VacdrJiurr; nrbori!/tn
Posswnhav.' vlbumum VlbunrlulllUulltlll
Walter's viburnum VibrinJ/tIIi obOvallim
Good
Good
Good
Good
Poor.moderate
Moderate-good
Poor
Poor
Poor
Moderate
Poor
Poor-moderate
Good
Good
Good
Mode....ate
Good
GoOd
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Good'
Good
I "S~igll\'\1 dlht'. h)' S(l\;~C'" 0; hy M~lhen)' and nark.
Adapts readily to wide range of soils, wet to dr}', sand}'
to heavy. Tolerant of alka1Jne soUs. Trunk does not disturb
pavement but knees may emerge In yards.
,
Tolerant of root loss, some fUl, and saturated soUs.
Relatively windfirrn. Intolerant of chiU1ges in water
table/soU mobture.
Response is very site dependent, probably related to soil molst\Jr~.
Intolerant of fill.
Moderately tolerant of root pruning. ConsIderable resLstance to
"contractor pressures,"
1blerant of root loss. Intolerant.of saturated soUs. Intolerant of
site disturbance and fill.
Respo!lse is slte dependent.
Response Is site dependent.
Intolerant of mechanicallnJuty (pOOl compartmentall.z.ation).
Intolerant of CUI and saturated soils.
Prone to wlndthrow, de<:ay, and dwarf rnlstletoe. Intolerant of
grade change. Poor compartmentaUz.atlon.
Tolerant of root pruning.
.(l".
Tolerant of root loss and site disturbance. Interm.edlate in
~~M~~ntura~s~Ls.' .
Pest problems associated with development Jmpacts
(sQutheastem U.S.), .
Tolerant of fiU soU, roo~ pruning, lnJw'y, a wide range of soU
moisture conditions, and high.solublesal~.
Tolerant of root loss. fntenuedlale 1n tolernnce to saturated soils.
Pest problems aSSOciated with development lnlpacts
(southeastern U.s.)
Intolerant of fill soU,
Response Is sHe dependent
S. Clark, Code.,
Slebenthaler
Coder
Hlghtshoe, Sydnor
Peeple
lleck, Dunster
S, Cark, Gilbert,
fraedrich
Hlghtshoe. S)'dnor
Coder
Coder
Coder
Coder, Sydnor
Beck, Dumler, Pee pre
rraedrich
Coder
Day, HJgh~hoe. S)/dnor
Coder
Da}'
Hlghtshoe
Coder
Matheny &. Clark
Coder
Coder
Coder
,
I
i
...j
j
i
I
I
CoD.1ihon name Sdentiltc name
Relative
tolel'llnce1
Comments
Source
Rusty black haw
Hercules club
Viburnum mfiduJum
Zanthoxylum
c/Ava.hacuJU
Good
Moderate
Intolerant of mechllnlcaJ Injury (poor comparlmtntilllzntlon)
Coder
Coder
1 AS3lgnetJ eIther by Source or by Millhcny and CIOlrl:.
REFERENCES
Beck, M. 1996. Northwest ArbOrvitae, Wood/nvUle, WA. Personal
com m unlca lion.
.BeU, H. 1996, ANEW LEAF, Merlin, OH. Personal Communication.
Clark, S. 1996. Steve Clark & Assodate.s, Brentwood, TN. Personal
communication.
Coder, K.D. 1996. University of GeOrgia, Athens. Personal communJcatlon.
CUllen, S. 1996. Consulting aiborlst, Greenwich, cr. Personal corrununlcatlon.
Day, S. 1996, Day Ec Associates, 1Jtt1eton, CO, Personal Communication.
Ellis, D. 1996, Deborah Ellis, Horticultural Consultant, Saratoga, CA.
Personal communication.
.:.....~~.~~~.~:.~fV_;.'~, .
I
,.', .
rr<ledrich, B. 1995. Solutions of Cree and sidewalk confUcu. City Trees.
pp. 13-15. MaY-June 1995.. .
Gilbert, O. 1996. RClalnlng trees on corutruction sites. ArboriCltllwnl
Journal. 20:39-45.
Hlghlshoe, G. 1988. Naltv~ Trees, Jim/us and Vims for Urban and RW/l/
Ammca. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. 819 pp.
Peepre, ).5. Undated. SaYing Nativt Tr~s in the Low~ Maln/allll. Vancouver.
Be: j.P. Peepre & Associate.s.
. Slebenthaler, J. 1996, Clearwater, FL Penonal conununlcalion.
Sydnor, T. 1996. Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. Personal
communication. .
.';;, -
'.
APPENDIX D: TREE PROTECTION AREA SIGNAGE
TREE
PROTECTION
AREA
Machinery, Dumping, Construction,
Parking, or Storage of Any Materials is
PROHIBITED
By City of Winter Springs
Violators are subject
to municipal infraction citations of up to
$5000 per violation.
Enforced by the City of Winter Springs
Pursuant to Chapter 5 of the City Code
The sign shall be made of rigid material such as wood, metal, or durable plastic. Non-rigid materials such
as paper, cardboard, cellophane, or foil are not acceptable. The sign shall be two (2) feet wide by three (3)
feet long.